Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
J. Menezes, R. Barbalho
Summary: This study investigates the importance of weak species in the cyclic spatial game and finds that the spatial organization and positions of weak species in the game order determine the stability of the cyclic game. The results show that the further apart the regions inhabited by different weak species are, the less likely the species will coexist.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
M. Tenorio, E. Rangel, J. Menezes
Summary: Adaptive movement does not necessarily provide an advantage in cyclic spatial games, as it can delay spatial domain occupation and increase vulnerability to dominant species. The impact of adaptive movement behavior depends on whether individuals have a long-range neighborhood perception.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
J. Menezes, S. Rodrigues, S. Batista
Summary: We studied a tritrophic system using the rock-paper-scissors game, where movement limitations of one or two species disrupt the cyclic spatial game. Through stochastic simulations, we found that uneven mobility controls the population dynamics. The dominant species depends on the level of mobility restriction when there is one slow species, while higher dispersal does not advantageously contribute to population growth when two species face mobility limitations. High mobility organisms experience biodiversity loss in cyclic systems, but this can be avoided with robust mobility limitations, benefiting biodiversity in regions where species are slowed. Our findings aid biologists in understanding the dynamics of unbalanced spatial systems and the importance of organisms' dispersal for biodiversity conservation.
ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah M. Assmann, Hong-Li Chou, Philip C. Bevilacqua
Summary: RNA can adopt a wide range of structures through self-folding, ranging from simple hairpins to complex 3D structures, and can interact with metabolites and macromolecules for regulatory purposes. Recent years have seen the elucidation of various RNA structures, including tRNAs, ribozymes, riboswitches, ribosomes, splicesomes, and the complete RNA structuromes. These advances have deepened our understanding of fundamental biological processes and their structure-dependent responses to environmental signals.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
J. Menezes
Summary: Animals react collectively to escape predation risk and decrease predation probability in the predator's neighborhood through antipredator behavior, leading to the emergence of spiral patterns. The study suggests that antipredator behavior can jeopardize biodiversity for highly mobile species.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
P. P. Avelino, B. F. De Oliveira, R. S. Trintin
Summary: This study investigates the impact of parity on the abundance of weak species. Through modeling and simulation experiments, it is found that parity has a significant effect on the performance of weak species, especially when the total number of species is less than or equal to 8, with odd numbers of species being more favorable to weak species.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Takahiro Komai, Hiroaki Kurokawa, Song-Ju Kim
Summary: This study examined the human capacity to generate randomness in decision-making processes using the rock-paper-scissors game. The results showed clear differences in randomness among pseudorandom number series, human-generated series, and AI-generated series, based on the complexity and determinism evaluation of the time series data.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Biology
J. Menezes, S. Batista, E. Rangel
Summary: We studied a cyclic game system with three species in which organisms face a contagious disease that can change its virulence through pathogen mutation. By restricting mobility as a defense strategy, organisms can reduce disease dissemination. Stochastic simulations of the spatial version of the rock-paper-scissors game were performed to investigate the impact of this collective self-preservation strategy on disease infection risk. The outcomes showed that mobility control induces plasticity in spatial patterns, allowing ecosystems to adapt and minimize disease contamination risk. The findings suggest that the benefits of mobility restriction depend on the type of pathogen mutation.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
J. Menezes, B. Moura
Summary: The study reveals that the antipredator response may lead to spiral patterns with the segregation of organisms of the same species occupying different spatial domains. A less localized antipredator response increases the average size of single-species patches, improving individual protection against predation. Despite the increased predation risk with a more localized antipredator response, high mobility constraints benefit species coexistence.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
P. P. Avelino, B. F. de Oliveira, R. S. Trintin
Summary: Researchers made a simple modification to the standard spatial stochastic RPS model, allowing the Lotka-Volterra and May-Leonard models to produce similar results, and this adjustment naturally leads to the emergence of spiral patterns in both its three- and four-state formulations.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Tina Verma, Arvind Kumar Gupta
Summary: Connectivity is crucial for biodiversity conservation as connected habitats are more effective in saving species and ecological functions. The rock-paper-scissors game serves as a paradigmatic mathematical model to understand biodiversity in cyclic-dominance. The metapopulation model for rock-paper-scissors with mutations shows coexistence patterns and phase transitions due to transcritical bifurcation.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Maria Kleshnina, Sabrina S. Streipert, Jerzy A. Filar, Krishnendu Chatterjee
Summary: The game of rock-paper-scissors is used as a model to understand competition among animals or humans, where none of the pure strategies strictly dominates, resulting in a cyclic pattern. However, behavioral mistakes in strategy execution can break this cyclic relationship and lead to a stable equilibrium with only one strategy surviving. This study shows that imperfectness in interacting individuals may stabilize evolutionary dynamics and potentially result in mixed co-existence equilibrium.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
K. M. Ariful Kabir, Jun Tanimoto
Summary: This study compares the difference between conventional replicator dynamics and pairwise nonlinear Fermi dynamics by studying the evolutionary dynamics of interactions in the rock-paper-scissors game. The research shows that linear and nonlinear benefits can have the same stability conditions at equilibrium, but nonlinear dynamics exhibit more stable and faster stability situations. Mutations as demographic noise can disrupt phase regions and demonstrate different relationships between linear and nonlinear dynamics.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
J. Menezes, E. Rangel
Summary: This study examines the spatial rock-paper-scissors model and its impact on organisms' energy levels. The research shows that a trade-off strategy between reproduction and mobility helps protect individuals from death due to lack of energy and reduces the risk of being eliminated in the cyclic game. The findings provide insights into adaptive survival strategies and their role in species persistence.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Junpyo Park
Summary: This paper introduces the concept of population flow and investigates its impact on biodiversity. It is found that population flow can strongly affect group diversity in both balanced and imbalanced scenarios, exhibiting rich phenomena such as persistent coexistence and alternative stable survival states.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Daniel Sabsovich, Mauro Mobilia, Michael Assaf
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
(2017)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ulrich Dobramysl, Mauro Mobilia, Michel Pleimling, Uwe C. Taeuber
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karl Wienand, Erwin Frey, Mauro Mobilia
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2018)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Fabio Peruzzo, Mauro Mobilia, Sandro Azaele
Article
Biology
Robert West, Mauro Mobilia
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ami Taitelbaum, Robert West, Michael Assaf, Mauro Mobilia
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Mechanics
Xiang Li, Mauro Mobilia, Alastair M. Rucklidge, R. K. P. Zia
Summary: In this study, we investigate the long-time properties of a dynamic, out-of-equilibrium network formed by individuals in a population consisting of two communities of different sizes. The study shows that when the network is subject to enough heterophily, individuals' mean degree greatly exceeds their preferred degree.
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mauro Mobilia
Summary: This study examines the impact of time-fluctuating social influences on the formation of polarization and consensus in a three-party community. The community consists of extreme leftists, extreme rightists, and centrists with intermediate opinions. The ability of centrists to interact with extreme voters can lead to either consensus or a polarization state. An interesting aspect of this study is the introduction of time-fluctuating external influences that favor the spread of certain opinions. The results show that the rate of change of these influences greatly affects the probabilities of polarization and consensus, as well as the time taken to reach a final state.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Maxwell T. West, Sarah M. Erfani, Christopher Leckie, Martin Sevior, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg, Muhammad Usman
Summary: In this study, the robustness of quantum ML networks, specifically quantum variational classifiers (QVC), was evaluated through rigorous training on simple and complex image datasets and various high-end adversarial attacks. The results demonstrate that QVCs outperform classical neural networks in learning undetected features, showing enhanced robustness against classical adversarial attacks and suggesting a potential quantum advantage for ML tasks. However, attacks on quantum networks can also deceive classical neural networks. By combining quantum and classical network outcomes, an adversarial attack detection technology is proposed.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ami Taitelbaum, Robert West, Mauro Mobilia, Michael Assaf
Summary: Environmental variations have a significant impact on population competition and evolution. We investigated the dynamics of populations in a fluctuating environment, either through binary switches or continuous range noises. By comparing the effects of these different environments, we examined how noise statistics influence population size and fixation properties. Our findings suggest that a continuously varying environment can greatly enhance the fixation probability of a slower strain compared to binary switches, even when the carrying capacity's first two moments are the same.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sahil Islam, Argha Mondal, Mauro Mobilia, Sirshendu Bhattacharyya, Chittaranjan Hens
Summary: In the rock-paper-scissor model, natural death plays a significant role in determining the fate of the system, especially in relation to coexistence. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations on a two-dimensional lattice with cyclically competing species, the study reveals that the presence of mobility leads to spiral patterns in the spatial distribution and introduces new coexistence and extinction scenarios, emphasizing the joint effect of death rate and mobility.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Xiang Li, Mauro Mobilia, Alastair M. Rucklidge, R. K. P. Zia
Summary: The authors express gratitude to Andrew Mellor, Kevin Bassler, and Henk Hilhorst for input and discussions, as well as the Chinese Scholarship Council and University of Leeds for supporting X.L.'s joint Ph.D. studentship. Financial support from the London Mathematical Society and Leeds School of Mathematics is acknowledged, and R.K.P.Z. appreciates the hospitality from Leeds School of Mathematics at the start of the collaboration.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shota Shibasaki, Mauro Mobilia, Sara Mitri
Summary: The study found that environmental fluctuations can impact the diversity of microbial communities, especially under harsh conditions. In harsh conditions, the probability of weaker species driving the stronger one extinct increases, reaching a peak at different switching rates. This complex relationship has made it historically difficult to find patterns between environmental fluctuations and diversity.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Robert West, Mauro Mobilia, Alastair M. Rucklidge
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Andrew Mellor, Mauro Mobilia, R. K. P. Zia