Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dongil Ho, Sunwoo Choi, Hyunwoo Kang, Byungkyu Park, Minh Nhut Le, Sung Kyu Park, Myung-Gil Kim, Choongik Kim, Antonio Facchetti
Summary: Solution-processed metal-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) with different metal compositions were investigated for radiation hardness against ionizing radiation exposure. The amorphous zinc-indium-tin oxide (Zn-In-Sn-O or ZITO) was found to be an optimal radiation-resistant channel layer of TFTs due to its structural plasticity, defect tolerance, and high electron mobility. In situ irradiation experiments revealed three degradation mechanisms, including increase in channel conductivity, charge buildup in the interface and dielectric, and trap-assisted tunneling in the dielectric. By employing a radiation-resistant ZITO channel, a thin SiO2 dielectric, and a passivation layer, oxide-based TFTs demonstrated excellent stability under real-time gamma-ray irradiation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Myung Sik Choi, Han Gil Na, Sun-Woo Choi, Kyu Hyoung Lee, Changhyun Jin
Summary: SnO2 and Au were deposited using flame chemical vapor deposition (FCVD) to form a double layer. A compound of Sn and O with multiple band gaps was formed in a short time, with Sn moving to the Au side and leaving O behind. Sn's capillarity allowed it to form a unique structure with Au-Sn-O nanoparticles and amorphous Sn-O nanotubes.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
D. Saha, Sang Yeol Lee
Summary: Thin film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated using room temperature radio frequency sputtered amorphous Si-Zn-Sn-O semiconductor deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. The sub-band gap density of states (DOS) of the amorphous channel layer grown with different process oxygen flow has been investigated by numerical simulation. The overall electrical performance of the TFTs is critically dependent on the sub-gap localized DOS, which is composed of localized band tails, Gaussian shallow donors, and deep level acceptor-like trap states. Increasing process oxygen flow results in a positive shift in threshold voltage and a decrease in field effect mobility, explained by the change in shallow donor and deep acceptor states density. Numerical simulation also shows the formation of a degenerate accumulation layer at high gate voltages, indicating a crossover of electron transport mechanism. This research is crucial for understanding the device physics and improving the performance and stability of indium free amorphous Si-Zn-Sn-O based TFTs.
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Brian Good, Tursun Ablekim, Imran S. Khan, Matthew O. Reese, Andriy Zakutayev, Wyatt K. Metzger
Summary: Different transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) were studied for their electro-optical characteristics under various atmospheres and annealing conditions, revealing that GMZO as an alternative to MZO exhibits higher stability and superior electron density improvement effects, making it suitable for semiconductor applications.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
D. Saha, Sang Yeol Lee
Summary: CoFeB/Si-Zn-Sn-O/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with amorphous Si-Zn-Sn-O as a low-resistive semiconducting barrier were fabricated. Direct tunneling was found to be the main transport mechanism in MTJs within the low bias voltage range. Simulation results using the Simmon's and Brinkmann models provided insights into the barrier properties. In addition, Pool Frenkel emission was observed in the electron transport above the direct tunneling regime, possibly due to localized tail states in the amorphous Si-Zn-Sn-O. The low tunnelling magnetoresistance value in MTJs was attributed to the presence of various inelastic conduction channels. These findings contribute to the exploration of amorphous Si-Zn-Sn-O for low-resistive MTJ-based spintronic devices.
SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Kuankuan Lu, Zhuohui Xu, Honglong Ning, Xiaochen Zhang, Junlong Chen, Zhao Yang, Xuan Zeng, Rihui Yao, Junbiao Peng
Summary: The study demonstrates that the TFT with ZATO semiconductor exhibits smooth and transparent characteristics under moderate oxygen concentration and low sputtering gas pressure, and shows optimal performance at a 623 K annealing temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Loku Singgappulige Rosantha Kumara, Kyohei Ishikawa, Keisuke Ide, Hideo Hosono, Toshio Kamiya, Osami Sakata
Summary: This study confirms the strong influence of impurity hydrogen on subgap electronic states in amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors using different sputtering systems. By investigating the correlations between atomic-scale structures, electronic states, and impurity hydrogen content through X-ray diffraction and absorption techniques, it was found that hydrogen-passivated defects resulting from a specific sputtering condition can enhance TFT characteristics.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Whayoung Kim, Sukin Kang, Yonghee Lee, Sahngik Mun, Jinheon Choi, Sunjin Lee, Cheol Seong Hwang
Summary: This study investigated the crystallization and electrical properties of atomic layer deposited Zn-Sn-O (ZTO) thin films. It was found that the highest crystallization temperature was similar to 700 degrees C in Sn 42-66 at%, and the best device performance was observed at Sn 42 at%. The optimal Sn concentration to provide thermal stability and good device performance of the ZTO thin film was approximately 42 at%.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fengyi Wang, Ziwen Lv, Linxiao Sun, Hongtao Chen, Mingyu LI
Summary: In the field of electronic packaging, Sn-58Bi solder paste is a promising low-temperature option for step soldering. However, the tendency for the Bi-rich phase to coarsen and segregate poses a significant challenge to the long-term reliability of the solder joints. The addition of Zn coated Sn particles improves the nucleation energy and refines the eutectic structure, enhancing the shear strength and preventing diffusion of the Bi phase.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junjie Jiang, Bosi Huang, Rahman Daiyan, Bijil Subhash, Constantine Tsounis, Zhipeng Ma, Chen Han, Yufei Zhao, Liyana Hasnan Effendi, Leighanne C. Gallington, Judy N. Hart, Jason A. Scott, Nicholas M. Bedford
Summary: This study synthesized perovskite-type tin-zinc oxide catalysts using a biomineralization method and found that these catalysts have highly reactive active sites and tunable CO2RR selectivity. In-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations revealed the impact of oxygen vacancies on the catalytic performance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yang Gyu Bak, Ji Woon Park, Ye Jin Park, Mohd Zahid Ansari, Sook NamGung, Bo Yeon Cho, Soo-Hyun Kim, Hee Young Lee
Summary: Indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) semiconducting thin films were studied as active channel layers for thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. The IZTO films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on the HfO2 layer showed good optical transparency and electrical performance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Siang-Yun Li, Yun-Hwei Shen, Kao-Shuo Chang, Wan-Yu Wu, Jyh-Ming Ting
Summary: Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin film is widely used as an electrode in solar cells and displays due to its high transparency and excellent conductivity. Multicomponent oxides like Zn-Sn-O (ZTO) have gained much attention. However, fabricating and investigating ZTO with different Zn/Sn ratios is expensive and time-consuming. In this study, we employed combinatorial methodology to deposit alternating ZnO and SnO wedges with two slanted surfaces in contact to create a thin film with uniform thickness. The prepared ZTO thin film exhibited a uniform compositional spread and was evaluated for its crystalline structure and physical properties.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rong Cheng, Wen-Cai Lu, K. M. Ho, C. Z. Wang
Summary: The amorphous diamond structures generated through simulations exhibit high tetrahedral bonding, approaching the compressibility and band gap of crystalline diamond, with some sp(2) bonding defects and local strains contributing to localized electronic states and vibrational modes.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xianbin Meng, Binbin Yuan, Yiwen Liu, Zhiqiang Zhao, Kai Li, Yuqing Lin
Summary: In this study, amorphous Fe-Mo-O/NF was designed as an effective and durable catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution. The OER catalytic performance of amorphous Fe-Mo-O/NF was significantly improved compared to Fe2O3/NF. This improvement can be attributed to the inherent OER catalytic activity of transition-metal Fe-based oxides, the increased number of active sites due to the introduction of Mo element, the synergy effect between metals enhancing the adsorption of oxygen intermediates, and the tight bonding of amorphous Fe-Mo-O nanostructures to the conductive substrate ensuring rapid electron transport and high stability.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gyubong Kim
Summary: A multiscale approach is presented to calculate hydrogen diffusion in amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO), where simulated H diffusion depth is used to evaluate VO concentration and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to obtain depth profiles of H diffusion. DFT calculations showed that H diffusion is suppressed when occupying VO defects, and a diffusion function depending on nVo and temperature is obtained fitting the complementary error function to the simulated H diffusion profile.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sarah Becker, Katrin Schulz, Dennis Scherhaufer, Peter Gumbsch, Christian Greiner
Summary: The study examined the influence of material microstructure on tribological performance, showing that adjusting microstructure can alter friction and wear properties. By manipulating the surface texture structure, different elastic and plastic strains can result in different effects.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. R. Durmaz, N. Hadzic, T. Straub, C. Eberl, P. Gumbsch
Summary: The study aims to address the lack of understanding in high cycle fatigue mechanisms by proposing a combined experimental and data post-processing workflow to establish multimodal fatigue crack initiation and propagation data sets, thus driving the digital transformation of materials.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Francesco Radaelli, Christian Amann, Ali Aydin, Igor Varfolomeev, Peter Gumbsch, Kai Kadau
Summary: A probabilistic model has been developed to quantify the number of load cycles for nucleation of forging flaws into cracks, calibrating the model through experiments and conducting cyclic loading tests under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuri Estrin, Yan Beygelzimer, Roman Kulagin, Peter Gumbsch, Peter Fratzl, Yuntian Zhu, Horst Hahn
Summary: This article discusses hot topics in materials design, including designs inspired by nature and those created by scientists. It provides an overview of the design principles, properties, and future prospects of emerging materials architectures.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
C. Haug, D. Molodov, P. Gumbsch, C. Greiner
Summary: Tribological loading induces microstructural changes in metals through dislocation-mediated plastic deformation. Crystal lattice rotations play an important role in friction and wear at the sliding interface, and are influenced by sliding direction and grain orientation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ali Riza Durmaz, Martin Mueller, Bo Lei, Akhil Thomas, Dominik Britz, Elizabeth A. Holm, Chris Eberl, Frank Mucklich, Peter Gumbsch
Summary: The authors use deep learning for segmentation of complex phase steel microstructures, improving analysis capabilities and providing a new method for materials research and development. Through image processing and training, accurate inference of microstructure properties can be achieved.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hannes Holey, Andrea Codrignani, Peter Gumbsch, Lars Pastewka
Summary: The cornerstone of thin-film flow modeling is the Reynolds equation, but its derivation is based on specific assumptions about the fluid constitutive behavior, limiting its applicability in multiscale scenarios. In this study, a method is introduced to treat the macroscopic flow evolution and local cross-film stresses as separate yet coupled problems, overcoming this limitation and validating the approach using examples.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ali Riza Durmaz, Erik Natkowski, Nikolai Arnaudov, Petra Sonnweber-Ribic, Stefan Weihe, Sebastian Munstermann, Chris Eberl, Peter Gumbsch
Summary: This study proposes a validation framework where a fatigue test is simulated by embedding measured microstructures into the specimen geometry and adopting an approximation of the experimental boundary conditions. A phenomenological crystal plasticity model is applied to predict deformation in ferritic steel, and the hotspots in commonly used fatigue indicator parameter maps are compared with damage segmented from micrographs. The framework is published for benchmarking future micromechanical fatigue models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Fang, Jihong Wen, Li Cheng, Dianlong Yu, Hongjia Zhang, Peter Gumbsch
Summary: This research demonstrates a design paradigm for creating robust robotic metamaterials using versatile gear clusters. The design allows for continuous tuning of elastic properties while maintaining stability and robust maneuverability, even under heavy loads. The gear-based metamaterials offer excellent properties such as tunable Young's modulus, shape morphing, and fast response.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikolay T. Garabedian, Paul J. Schreiber, Nico Brandt, Philipp Zschumme, Ines L. Blatter, Antje Dollmann, Christian Haug, Daniel Kuemmel, Yulong Li, Franziska Meyer, Carina E. Morstein, Julia S. Rau, Manfred Weber, Johannes Schneider, Peter Gumbsch, Michael Selzer, Christian Greiner
Summary: This paper discusses the lack of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data and metadata in experimental tribology and proposes a scalable framework for generating FAIR data. Through collaboration with developers, crowdsourcing controlled vocabulary, ontology building, and the use of digital tools, this paper demonstrates a collection of scalable non-intrusive techniques to improve the lifespan, reliability, and reusability of experimental tribological data.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Navid Hussain, Torsten Scherer, Chittaranjan Das, Janis Heuer, Rafaela Debastiani, Peter Gumbsch, Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann, Michael Hirtz
Summary: This study explores the interaction between capillary-printed Galinstan and gold surfaces, revealing the spreading process of liquid metals on gold films and the formation of intermetallic nanostructures. By utilizing various microscopy techniques, a comprehensive understanding of the material interaction between LM and gold is achieved.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kolja Zoller, Patric Gruber, Michael Ziemann, Alexander Goertz, Peter Gumbsch, Katrin Schulz
Summary: Microwires have gained increasing interest for miniaturizing structural components. Understanding the deformation behavior of microwires is crucial for assessing their applicability and lifespan in specific components. This study analyzes the microstructure evolution of single crystalline gold microwires under torsion, specifically for high-symmetry crystal orientations (100), (110), and (111), using simulation and experimental results. The classification of slip systems can be predicted through theoretical considerations, and it is found that slip system activity, stress relaxation mechanism, and dislocation density depend on specific slip system groups.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kai Xia, Zheqin Dong, Qing Sun, Rafaela Debastiani, Sida Liu, Qihao Jin, Yang Li, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Peter Gumbsch, Uli Lemmer, Yolita M. Eggeler, Pavel A. Levkin, Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
Summary: 3D-printed conductive structures with customized properties are fabricated using digital light processing technology and inkjet printing. By optimizing the deposition conditions, conductive structures with sheet resistance <2 ohm sq(-1) are achieved. The integration of an inkjet-printed photodetector onto the nanoporous substrate demonstrates the potential for additive manufacturing of functional 3D-printed optoelectronic devices.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hannes Holey, Peter Gumbsch, Lars Pastewka
Summary: This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate flow at the molecular scale and explores the influence of in-plane wavelengths. By probing the long wavelength limit in thermodynamic equilibrium, anomalous relaxation of density and longitudinal momentum fluctuations is observed, which can be described by an effective continuum theory.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tobias Frenzel, Vincent Hahn, Patrick Ziemke, Jonathan Ludwig Gunter Schneider, Yi Chen, Pascal Kiefer, Peter Gumbsch, Martin Wegener
Summary: This study solves three challenges of chiral metamaterials through providing an analytical model, using advanced manufacturing technology, and employing numerical modeling. By designing the chiral characteristic length, samples with sizes exceeding 10(5) micrometers have been successfully manufactured, changing the sample-size dependence.
COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS
(2021)
