Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rui Zhai, Lihui Zhang, Mengyue Gu, Xuewen Zhao, Bo Zhang, Yonghong Cheng, Jinying Zhang
Summary: Effective photocatalytic CO2 reduction is important for addressing energy crisis and global warming. Metal-based semiconductors have been well reviewed, but nonmetal-based semiconductors, especially phosphorus structures, have not been systematically reviewed for CO2 reduction. This paper reviews the progress of phosphorus structures as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction, including different allotropes and doping or ligands.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michael T. Jones, Md Serajum Monir, Felix N. Krauth, Pascal Macha, Yu-Ling Hsueh, Angus Worrall, Joris G. Keizer, Ludwik Kranz, Samuel K. Gorman, Yousun Chung, Rajib Rahman, Michelle Y. Simmons
Summary: This study demonstrates a platform for quantum computing using phosphorus donor atoms in silicon. By adjusting the arrangement and spacing of the donor atoms, the speed and accuracy of qubit gates can be improved without affecting neighboring qubits. This approach provides a new pathway for achieving high fidelity and scalable quantum computing.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yue Zhao, Gaoyang Gou, Xiaoli Lu, Yue Hao
Summary: Two-dimensional van der Waals layered materials with orthorhombic symmetry and distinct planar crystallographic lattices show in-plane anisotropy and diverse functionalities. Group-IV monopnictides and dipnictides exhibit orthorhombic symmetry and in-plane anisotropy. First-principles calculations reveal that these 2D materials exhibit in-plane anisotropy in mechanical, electronic and optical properties with potential applications in nanoscale sensors and electromechanical devices.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Rabha, M. Das, S. Sarmah, D. Sarkar
Summary: This article presents the first pyro-phototronic effect observed in a nanostructured porous silicon multilayered photovoltaic device, which significantly enhances its photoelectric performance. The device shows an incremental value of 1625% under ultraviolet irradiation, and exhibits distinct responsivity peaks at different wavelengths under different bias voltages. The pyro-phototronic effect in this device opens up new possibilities for improving photodetectors and photovoltaic devices based on porous silicon nanostructures.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Muhammad Izzudin Ahmad Asri, Mohammed Nazibul Hasan, Marwan Nafea, Yusri Md Yunos, Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali
Summary: This study developed and fabricated a SAW gas sensor with a nanostructured silicon sensing layer, demonstrating its high sensitivity and fast response/recovery time in carbon dioxide gas concentration testing.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuanzhi Hu, Zhijin Huang, Xianzhi Zeng, Yang Li, Kaiwen Luo, Heyuan Guan, Yaoyu Cao, Huihui Lu
Summary: In this study, a nanostructure composed of SiO2 grating and a lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) layer is proposed and shown to support bound states in the continuum (BIC) modes through simulations. Experimental results confirm the strong localized field confinement and the significant potential of the nanostructure in enhancing second harmonic generation (SHG).
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mahmoud R. M. Atalla, Youngmin Kim, Simone Assali, Daniel Burt, Donguk Nam, Oussama Moutanabbir
Summary: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible GeSn emitters are promising for silicon-based integrated circuits, with microbridge PIN GeSn LEDs demonstrating efficient operation and a peak emission at 2.31 μm. These LEDs operate at low power and offer better thermal dissipation, reducing heat-induced losses and improving light emission. Further improvements are expected through thermal and optical simulations, with the potential to develop electrically driven GeSn lasers using a GeSn-on-insulator substrate.
Article
Physics, Applied
Jeffrey A. Ivie, Quinn Campbell, Justin C. Koepke, Mitchell Brickson, Peter A. Schultz, Richard P. Muller, Andrew M. Mounce, Daniel R. Ward, Malcolm S. Carroll, Ezra Bussmann, Andrew D. Baczewski, Shashank Misra
Summary: Scanning tunneling microscope lithography is capable of precisely positioning dopant atoms in silicon lattice for nanoelectronic devices. However, disorder caused by incorporation kinetics may impact the process. Experimental results indicate a 63 +/- 10% likelihood of incorporating into a specific window, with potential for increasing incorporation rate through further analysis and optimization.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Badis Rahal, Boubekeur Boudine, Youssef Larbah, Menouar Siad, Nassim Souami
Summary: The research on semiconductor films of undoped ZnO and doped with varying weight percentages of Cadmium revealed the significant influence of cadmium concentration and substrate type on film properties, affecting structure, crystallite size, and optical performance differently.
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Mehmet Gunes, Jimmy Melskens, Arno H. M. Smets
Summary: Undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films deposited using radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) were studied under moderate dilution ratios of silane. The changes in multiple gap states in annealed and light-soaked states were identified using steady-state photoconductivity and improved dual beam photoconductivity (DBP) methods. Different gap states, named A, B, C, and X, were found in the annealed state. The A and B states, located below the dark Fermi level, showed correlation with defects detected by time-domain pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. The C states defined the slow states in undoped a-Si:H, while the A, B, and X states defined the fast states.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
K. J. Ahrendsen, C. Maruko, K. R. Albert-Aranovich, Q. Berfield-Brewer, A. Esseln, L. Guo, A. E. Ishimwe, Y. Kuzniar, A. E. McKenna, K. J. Soto Villarreal, A. Uprety, L. Vieira da Silva, K. F. Vogt, W. D. Williams
Summary: Absolute frequency measurements of excited-state transitions in neutral 14N are reported. Saturated absorption spectroscopy was used in a glass cell filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas, driven with a radio-frequency electric field. The absolute transition frequencies for three different transitions were obtained and are approximately five times more accurate than previous results. Overlapping hyperfine structure presents difficulties for future tests of quantum electrodynamics in seven-electron systems.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lu Luo, Simone Assali, Mahmoud R. M. Atalla, Sebastian Koelling, Anis Attiaoui, Gerard Daligou, Sara Marti, Jordi Arbiol, Oussama Moutanabbir
Summary: Group IV Ge1-xSnx semiconductors have tunable band gap energy and directness, and their attributes are exploited to implement highly responsive room-temperature short-wave infrared nanoscale photodetectors in Ge/Ge0.92Sn0.08 core/shell nanowire hetero-structures. The demonstrated Ge/Ge(0.92)Sn(0.08)p-type field-effect nanowire transistors exhibit superior optoelectronic properties and achieve broadband absorption in the short-wave infrared range.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Manoj Settipalli, Vitaly S. Proshchenko, Sanghamitra Neogi
Summary: The electronic properties of Si/Ge superlattices show significant variations depending on compositions and growth substrates. Considering electron scattering processes can improve the power-factor of superlattices.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
O. Olikh, V Kostylyov, V. Vlasiuk, R. Korkishko, Ya Olikh, R. Chupryna
Summary: Experimental research has shown that ultrasound can decrease the concentration of iron-boron pairs dissociated in silicon and shorten the time of pair associations. The changes in FeB pairs were monitored through measuring short circuit current kinetics. The influence of ultrasound was investigated under different conditions, and the possible mechanisms underlying the effects were analyzed.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mahmoud R. M. Atalla, Simone Assali, Sebastian Koelling, Anis Attiaoui, Oussama Moutanabbir
Summary: The availability of high-frequency pulsed emitters in the 2-2.5 μm wavelength range has opened up new possibilities for various applications. However, the development and widespread use of these applications are dependent on the availability of high-speed, low-noise, and cost-effective photodetectors. In this study, GeSn photodiodes grown on silicon wafers were demonstrated to have high broadband operation and were successfully integrated in ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy applications.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sascha Apazeller, Munko Gonchikzhapov, Monika Nanjaiah, Tina Kasper, Irenaus Wlokas, Hartmut Wiggers, Christof Schulz
Summary: A new burner has been developed for spray-flame synthesis, enabling observation and modeling of reaction processes with precise control and homogeneity. The burner provides a laminar and steady flame, allowing investigation of reactions independent of spray formation and turbulent mixing. It also allows the use of reactants that would otherwise react before reaching the flame. Experimental data and simulations using a reduced reaction mechanism demonstrate the suitability of the burner for modeling precursor reactions in spray-flame synthesis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Claudia-Francisca Lopez-Camara, Malini Dasgupta, Paolo Fortugno, Hartmut Wiggers
Summary: This study investigates the use of vaporized organo-siloxanes as precursors for coating titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The study demonstrates that using TEOS as the precursor and applying a plasma discharge can lead to optimal coating of the nanoparticles.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
P. Wollny, J. Menser, L. Engelmann, J. Sellmann, C. Schulz, H. Wiggers, A. Kempf, I. Wlokas
Summary: A novel particle model is presented to simulate the synthesis of silicon nanoparticles from monosilane in a laboratory-sized microwave plasma reactor. The simulations contribute extensively to the understanding of the particle formation process and the observed spatial and size distribution of particles.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Schreiber, Melanie Rosen, Katja Waetzig, Kristian Nikolowski, Nikolas Schiffmann, Hartmut Wiggers, Michael Kuepers, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs, Olivier Guillon, Martin Finsterbusch
Summary: All-solid-state batteries are a promising research topic for their high energy density and safety. However, implementing oxide ceramic electrolytes in industrial cells remains challenging. To address this, researchers proposed a target cell design combining two promising oxidic electrolytes, LLZO and LATP, and assessed their environmental impact. In-depth life cycle assessment revealed surprising similarities between oxide-based all-solid-state batteries and conventional Li-ion batteries.
Article
Electrochemistry
Adil Amin, Moritz Loewenich, Stefan O. Kilian, Theresa Wassmer, Stefan Bade, Julia Lyubina, Hartmut Wiggers, Fatih Ozcan, Doris Segets
Summary: A one-step non-reactive spray drying approach was used to produce hierarchically structured supraparticles of silicon/carbon composite nanoparticles for LIB anodes. The supraparticles showed good redispersion stability, improved density of the coated layer, and excellent cycling stability. This research provides a scalable and cost-effective method for manufacturing Si-based anode materials and highlights the significance of hierarchical electrode structures in electrochemistry.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Florian Pantle, Simon Woerle, Monika Karlinger, Felix Rauh, Max Kraut, Martin Stutzmann
Summary: Nanostructures, such as GaN nanofins, are sensitive to their ambient conditions due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. This article presents a systematic study on the environmental sensitivity of the electrical conductivity of GaN nanofins and identifies oxygen and water as responsible for reducing the electrical current through GaN nanofins. The results also reveal the complexity of water adsorption on GaN surfaces and the importance of reproducible pre-treatment and surface passivation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
P. Wollny, L. Engelmann, M. Loewenich, I. Rahinov, H. Wiggers, C. Schulz, A. Kempf, I. Wlokas
Summary: A novel Eulerian particle model tailored for CFD applications is introduced, which is based on a bivariate moment method and features a full coupling with the gas-phase through kinetic formulations. The model is applied in the context of silicon nanopowder synthesis from monosilane and validated with a hot-wall reactor experiment.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Steven Angel, Michael Braun, Baris Alkan, Joachim Landers, Soma Salamon, Heiko Wende, Corina Andronescu, Christof Schulz, Hartmut Wiggers
Summary: The properties of mixed oxide nanoparticles are influenced by the interactions between solvent and precursors in the processed solution during spray-flame synthesis. This study investigated the effect of two different metal precursors dissolved in an ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid mixture for the synthesis of LaFexCo1-xO3 perovskites. Regardless of the precursors used, similar particle-size distributions were obtained, and the presence of secondary phases was observed. The precursor solutions were analyzed, and the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their catalytic activity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anam Asghar, Mohaned Hammad, Klaus Kerpen, Felix Niemann, Ahmed K. Al-Kamal, Doris Segets, Hartmut Wiggers, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: The stability of sulfur-doped graphene catalyst is crucial for its effectiveness in the ozonation process. Researchers utilized a low-energy microwave plasma technique to synthesize a high purity sulfur-doped graphene catalyst, which demonstrated improved catalytic activity and stability during ozone treatment. The addition of sulfur-doped graphene led to the formation of hydroxyl radicals (HO center dot) and a significant decrease in the formation of intermediate transformation products.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Luisa Carvajal, Sebastian Perez, Robison Buitrago-Sierra, Alexander Santamaria, Andres Moreno, Hartmut Wiggers, Jaime Gallego
Summary: The study focused on the effect of different metal precursors on the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in a spray flame reactor. Iron nitrate, iron acetylacetonate, and ferrocene were tested at two different concentrations. The choice of metal precursor significantly influenced the crystallinity, crystallite size, and iron oxide content of the nanoparticles. The findings also revealed that the concentration of the precursor played a crucial role in determining the particle characteristics, with the catalytic effect of iron positively influencing the flame energy.
Article
Thermodynamics
Frederik Kunze, Stefan Kuns, Tim Huelser, Hartmut Wiggers, Sophie M. Schnurre
Summary: This paper demonstrates the scalability of a gas-phase reaction method for producing crystalline silicon nanoparticles using a microwave-assisted plasma reactor. The study shows that the process technology can be successfully scaled up from laboratory scale to pilot plant scale while maintaining consistent particle characteristics. The production of spherical crystalline silicon particles with a high production rate is achieved, and the stability of the synthesis process is monitored.
APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Paolo Fortugno, Claudia-Francisca Lopez-Camara, Fabian Hagen, Hartmut Wiggers, Christof Schulz
Summary: In this study, the effects of carbon dioxide, molecular oxygen, and nitrous oxide on the carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio and carbon microstructure in the microwave-plasma synthesis of few-layer graphene from hydrocarbon precursors were investigated. The results showed that molecular oxygen and nitrous oxide increased the graphene fraction with decreasing C/O ratios, while pure graphene was achieved at a C/O ratio of 2:1.5. However, carbon dioxide could not generate pure graphene at the same C/O ratio. Emission spectroscopy indicated that carbon dioxide formed carbon species during plasma decomposition, suggesting a potential influence on local carbon nucleation.
APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Steven Angel, Michael Braun, Baris Alkan, Joachim Landers, Soma Salamon, Heiko Wende, Corina Andronescu, Christof Schulz, Hartmut Wiggers
Summary: The product properties of mixed oxide nanoparticles synthesized via spray-flame synthesis depend on the solvent and precursor chemistries in the solution. The use of different metal precursors, acetates and nitrates, in a solvent mixture of ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid was studied for the synthesis of LaFexCo1-xO3 perovskites. Regardless of the precursors used, similar particle-size distributions were obtained. The choice of precursors affected the elemental distributions and the formation of secondary phases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Florian Pantle, Fabian Becker, Max Kraut, Simon Woerle, Theresa Hoffmann, Sabrina Artmeier, Martin Stutzmann
Summary: The study demonstrates the selective area growth of GaN nanowires and nanofins on heteroepitaxial diamond (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. By optimizing the growth conditions and using locally produced substrates, high-quality nanostructures were successfully grown, providing new possibilities for optoelectronic device applications.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sascha Apazeller, Sadrollah Karaminejad, Monika Nanjaiah, Hartmut Wiggers, Torsten Endres, Irenaeus Wlokas, Christof Schulz
Summary: In this work, a matrix burner was developed to study the flame chemistry of precursor-laden nanoparticle forming spray flames. Measurements of temperature, iron-atom concentrations, and particles and droplets distribution were conducted to gain insight into the flame reaction process.
APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
