期刊
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY
卷 53, 期 3, 页码 386-394出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.922589
关键词
Agro-industrial by-products; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; coffee industry residues; cosmetics; cytotoxicity; innovative revalorization of coffee by-products; skin care
资金
- Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) - POPH-QREN [SFRH/BDE/51385/2011]
- European Science Foundation
- COMPETE program [PEst-C/SAU/UI0709/2011]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BDE/51385/2011] Funding Source: FCT
Context: Currently, there is a great tendency in cosmetic area to use natural extracts. Coffee silverskin (CS) is the most abundant solid by-product generated during roasting of coffee processing. Objectives: To evaluate different CS extracts as promising cosmetic ingredients, regarding antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. Materials and methods: Aqueous, hydroalcoholic and ethanolic CS extracts were obtained by an environmentally friendly procedure considering costs and pollution. Extracts were characterized for total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively), antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), antimicrobial activity expressed as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays in two skin cell lines (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). Results: The TPC of extracts was 18.33-35.25 mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of material on a dry basis (mg GAE/g db). The TFC of extracts was 1.08-2.47 mu g cathechin equivalents per g dry material (mu g CE/g db). The antioxidant activity was high, with values ranging between 95.95 and 216.40 mu mol Fe2+/g for aqueous and alcoholic samples, respectively. Preliminary assays for antimicrobial potential showed that extracts display antibacterial activity. The MIC varied from 31.3 to 250 mu g/mL for Gram-positive, and from 31.3 to 1000 mu g/mL for Gram-negative. Extracts did not affect in vitro cell viability, with values near 100% in all concentrations tested. Conclusion: Results seem show that CS is a safe source of natural antioxidants with antifungal and antibacterial activity and no cytotoxicity, with potential usefulness for cosmetic applications.
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