Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hao Chen, Erwin H. W. Chan
Summary: A technique for independent control of the amplitude and phase of two orthogonal linearly polarised light is presented using reverse operation of a commercial dual-polarisation dual-drive Mach Zehnder modulator (DPol-DDMZM). This technique has applications in linearised microwave photonic links, frequency multipliers, and microwave phase shifters.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Katharina Blessing, Judith Schirmer, Asha Parmar, Kanwarpal Singh
Summary: Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of polarisation sensitive optical coherence tomography (psOCT) in biomedical diagnostics, leading to increased interest in cross-polarised optical coherence tomography (cpOCT). The proposed endoscopic system eliminates the need for complex illumination control mechanisms and effectively visualises the birefringence properties of samples.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Edgar Ramos-Martinez, Leticia Hernandez-Gonzalez, Ivan Ramos-Martinez, Laura Perez-Campos Mayoral, Georgina Lopez-Cortes, Eduardo Perez-Campos, Gabriel Mayoral Andrade, Maria Teresa Hernandez-Huerta, Marco Jose
Summary: Extracellular DNA traps (ETs) are evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial mechanisms found in protozoa, plants, and animals. By comparing similarities in ETs across different taxa, it is suggested that ETs may have multiple origins. The presence of a mechanism initiating the formation of ETs in multicellular organisms indicates a relationship between multicellularity and the development of ETs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
K. Koksal, M. Babiker, V. E. Lembessis, J. Yuan
Summary: The study examines the chirality and helicity of linearly polarised Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams, showing that under specific conditions, these beams exhibit significant chirality and helicity density distributions. Different winding numbers result in distinct chirality and helicity distributions, with the convergence phase of the beam contributing differently to changes in these distributions at different planes along the beam propagation.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
David Izquierdo, Jose A. Altabas, Miguel Barrio, Jesus Clemente, Pablo Millan, Samael Sarmiento, Jose A. Lazaro, Simon Rommel, Rafael Puerta, Juan J. Vegas-Olmos, Idelfonso Tafur Monroy, Ignacio Garces
Summary: A combined NOMA and multiCAP scheme is proposed for flexible resource provisioning in coherent PONs, increasing data-rate and user capacity. Experimental evaluation shows a 20 Gb/s aggregated data-rate per wavelength and application in various PON scenarios.
JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jiawei Mei, Jun Zhou, Lingtong Kong, Yong Dai, Xianzuo Zhang, Wenqi Song, Chen Zhu
Summary: In this study, a photocurable hydrogel system was developed to enhance diabetic-wound healing through spatiotemporal immunomodulation. The system effectively resolved the immune contradiction in diabetic wounds by releasing drugs and silver nanoparticles, promoting tissue repair while inhibiting bacterial aggregation.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Robotics
Tiantian Xu, Chenyang Huang, Zhengyu Lai, Xinyu Wu
Summary: This article proposes a novel strategy of completely decoupled independent control of magnetically actuated flexible swimming millirobots and verifies its effectiveness through experiments. This strategy enables independent control of robots with different magnetization directions in the same external magnetic field, laying the foundation for multi-robot collaboration to complete tasks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Guangming Cui, Pengsong Zhang, Xinyu Liu, Linbo Xie, Wentao Huang, Peng Pan, Juntian Qu, Qigao Fan
Summary: This article presents a new localized magnetic field generating system for independent control of multiple magnetic microrobots, enabling cooperative or parallel microassembly tasks. The performance of a novel circular microcoil is analyzed, validated by finite-element analysis and simulation, and an actuation and control strategy for microrobots is proposed. The microrobot's independent closed-loop control is realized based on visual feedback. The experimental platform demonstrates flexible and accurate movement of the microrobot with a tracking error within 0.444 mm, highlighting the system's potential in micromanipulation tasks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lyubov Kotova, Linar A. Altynbaev, Maria O. Zhukova, Bogdan R. Borodin, Vladimir P. Kochereshko, Anna Baldycheva, Benjamin T. Hogan
Summary: Unusual optical anisotropy was observed in hexagonal boron nitride thin films produced via ultrasonication. Statistical analysis revealed an ordered particle density distribution corresponding to the observed optical axis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kairon M. Oliveira, Tiago A. Moura, Janaisa L. C. Lucas, Alvaro V. N. C. Teixeira, Marcio S. Rocha, Joaquim B. S. Mendes
Summary: This paper proposes the use of PANI as handles in optical tweezers experiments. The stable trapping and manipulation of PANI beads using optical tweezers are demonstrated for the first time. The results suggest the potential of using semiconductor polymeric materials in optical manipulation and open up new possibilities for related applications.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jhon James Hernandez-Sarria, Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr, Jorge Ricardo Mejia-Salazar
Summary: In this study, slotted all-dielectric nanodisks made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) with double-well optical potentials are demonstrated for stable trapping of small dielectric nanoparticles. The use of infrared wavelengths with no optical loss for a-Si allows trapping without heating the surrounding environment. Numerical results show successful trapping of one to two nanoparticles, regardless of their morphology, using this all-dielectric nanostructure.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Severien Meyers, Marleen Lox, Sirima Kraisin, Laurens Liesenborghs, Caroline P. Martens, Liesbeth Frederix, Stijn Van Bruggen, Marilena Crescente, Dominique Missiakas, Pieter Baatsen, Thomas Vanassche, Peter Verhamme, Kimberly Martinod
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils play a protective role in infective endocarditis (IE), but do not affect the occurrence of IE. Staphylococcus aureus coagulases inhibit the formation of NETs and reduce the severity of infection.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ziyue Zhang, Didier Colle, Wouter Tavernier, Mario Pickavet
Summary: In this paper, a network architecture for a multi-chip optical network-on-wafer (NoW) is proposed, with a focus on control mechanisms and algorithms. The goal is to provide dynamically controlled terabytes-per-second unidirectional bandwidth for each chip module in a multi-chip processor. This architecture shows promise in achieving low energy consumption and high aggregated bandwidth, offering a competitive idea for future optical-connected multi-chip computing systems. A synchronous network control scheme and improved edge coloring algorithms are proposed for slowly varying traffic patterns, resulting in lower time complexity and faster execution compared to existing methods.
JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
M. Goodwin, M. Klufts, J. Workman, A. Thambyah, F. Vanholsbeeck
Summary: This study explores the potential of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to rapidly identify subtle signs of tissue degeneration in horse joints. The results show that PS-OCT can non-invasively detect sub-surface microstructural changes associated with early stages of joint tissue degeneration, which are not visible with dissection and microscopy.
OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Aimie Berger Dauxere, Gilles Montagne, Julien R. Serres
Summary: This study aims to understand how bees utilize optical invariants to navigate safely during changes in altitude. The experiment demonstrated that when both invariants were available, bees primarily relied on the optical speed rate of change to control their altitude. However, when the optical speed rate of change was less accessible, the splay angle rate of change was prioritized, unless impending danger was perceived. These findings illustrate how the joint use of multiple invariants enables bees to navigate adaptively in unknown or cluttered environments.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Chrisy Sparling, Alice Ruget, Jonathan Leach, Dave Townsend
Summary: The inverse Abel transform is widely used in charged particle imaging, but it has limitations due to cylindrical symmetry constraints. This study shows how artificial neural networks can replace the inverse Abel transform and directly reconstruct 2D projections into 3D distributions.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abhinandan Bhattacharjee, Mritunjay K. Joshi, Suman Karan, Jonathan Leach, Anand K. Jha
Summary: This article investigates the behavior of entanglement in different continuous-variable bases and demonstrates the revival of entanglement in the angle-orbital angular momentum (OAM) bases during photon propagation.
Article
Optics
Imogen Morland, Feng Zhu, Paul Dalgarno, Jonathan Leach
Summary: This study presents a technique for measuring target depth using non-linear optical methods with high precision on very small length scales. By utilizing statistical estimation theory and sCMOS camera data, it achieves approximately 30 nm depth precision for each pixel in 30 seconds.
Article
Optics
Steven Johnson, Alex McMillan, Stefan Frick, John Rarity, Miles Padgett
Summary: A limitation of free-space optical communications is the ease of interception, which can be overcome by hiding information within background optical noise. We demonstrate image transfer over free-space using a photon-pair source emitting two correlated beams. One beam contains image information with added noise, while the other correlated beam serves as a heralding trigger to differentiate the image signal from background noise. The system utilizes spontaneous parametric down-conversion and a gated intensified camera to extract the image from the noise.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stirling Scholes, German Mora-Martin, Feng Zhu, Istvan Gyongy, Phil Soan, Jonathan Leach
Summary: Single-Photon Avalanche Detector (SPAD) arrays are cutting-edge technology that can rapidly generate depth images with millimeter precision. They are crucial for autonomous systems as they provide guidance and situational awareness. This study establishes a numerical procedure to determine the depth imaging limits of SPAD arrays under real-world conditions, allowing for accurate and cost-effective performance evaluation without field testing. This procedure has applications in object detection, tracking, and imaging systems for various scenarios.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Stirling Scholes, Lehloa Mohapi, Jonathan Leach, Andrew Forbes, Angela Dudley
Summary: In this study, a Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator (LCoS-SLM) is used to imitate the mechanical design of a deformable mirror, and the effect of the number of mirror segments and their geometrical structure on resulting structured modes is quantitatively analysed. This approach can serve as a test bed prior to designing a deformable mirror for high power beam shaping.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Mohamed Amir Alaa Belmekki, Jonathan Leach, Rachael Tobin, Gerald S. Buller, Stephen McLaughlin, Abderrahim Halimi
Summary: 3D single-photon LiDAR imaging is crucial for many applications, but requires analysis of low signal-to-noise ratio returns and high data volume. This paper proposes a multiscale approach for 3D surface detection, reducing data volume while obtaining background-free surfaces for depth and reflectivity inference. A hierarchical Bayesian model is also introduced for 3D reconstruction and spectral classification. Results demonstrate the superiority of these approaches compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Suraj Goel, Max Tyler, Feng Zhu, Saroch Leedumrongwatthanakun, Mehul Malik, Jonathan Leach
Summary: Efficient manipulation, sorting, and measurement of optical modes and single-photon states are achieved in this study. The researchers use a specially designed multiplane light converter to simultaneously and efficiently sort nonorthogonal, overlapping states of light encoded in the transverse spatial degree of freedom. This has implications for optimal image identification and classification in optical networks.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gyles E. Cozier, Rachael C. Andrews, Anca Frinculescu, Ranjeet Kumar, Benedict May, Tom Tooth, Peter Collins, Andrew Costello, Tom S. F. Haines, Tom P. Freeman, Ian S. Blagbrough, Jennifer Scott, Trevor Shine, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Stephen M. Husbands, Jonathan Leach, Richard W. Bowman, Christopher R. Pudney
Summary: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) primarily used in prisons and homeless communities in the U.K. SCs have severe side effects and are associated with numerous deaths. The detection of SCs is challenging due to their chemical diversity and their adsorption onto physical matrices. This study presents a portable and rapid generic test for SCs using fluorescence analysis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Ebrahim Karimi, Miles J. Padgett, Miguel A. Alonso, Mark R. Dennis, Angela Dudley, Andrew Forbes, Sina Zahedpour, Scott W. Hancock, Howard M. Milchberg, Stefan Rotter, Franco Nori, Sahin K. Ozdemir, Nicholas Bender, Hui Cao, Paul B. Corkum, Carlos Hernandez-Garcia, Haoran Ren, Yuri Kivshar, Mario G. Silveirinha, Nader Engheta, Arno Rauschenbeutel, Philipp Schneeweiss, Juergen Volz, Daniel Leykam, Daria A. Smirnova, Kexiu Rong, Bo Wang, Erez Hasman, Michela F. Picardi, Anatoly Zayats, Francisco J. Rodriguez-Fortuno, Chenwen Yang, Jie Ren, Alexander B. Khanikaev, Andrea Alu, Etienne Brasselet, Michael Shats, Jo Verbeeck, Peter Schattschneider, Dusan Sarenac, David G. Cory, Dmitry A. Pushin, Michael Birk, Alexey Gorlach, Ido Kaminer, Filippo Cardano, Lorenzo Marrucci, Mario Krenn, Florian Marquardt
Summary: Structured waves are found in all areas of wave physics, both classical and quantum, where the wavefields are inhomogeneous and cannot be approximated by a single plane wave. These complex wavefields with inhomogeneities are crucial in various fields such as nanooptics, photonics, quantum matter waves, acoustics, water waves, etc. This Roadmap surveys the role of structured waves in wave physics, providing background, current research, and anticipating future developments.
Review
Optics
Robert h. Hadfield, Jonathan Leach, Fiona Fleming, Douglas j. Paul, Chee hing Tan, Jo shien Ng, Robert k. Henderson, Gerald s. Buller
Summary: The development of single-photon detectors with picosecond timing resolution has driven progress in time-correlated single-photon counting applications, including quantum optics, life sciences, and remote sensing. Advanced optoelectronic device architectures offer high-performance single-pixel devices and the ability to scale up to detector arrays, increasing single-photon sensitivity.
Article
Optics
German Mora-Martin, Stirling Scholes, Lice Ruget, Robert Henderson, Jonathan Leach, Istvan Gyongy
Summary: In this paper, a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained using synthetic depth sequences to denoise and upscale (x4) depth data. Experimental results using synthetic and real ToF data demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. With GPU acceleration, the approach achieves processing speeds of >30 frames per second, making it suitable for low-latency imaging.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Chane Moodley, Alice Ruget, Jonathan Leach, Andrew Forbes
Summary: In order to improve image acquisition speed, researchers implemented four machine learning algorithms and trained them on a dataset with noise and blur. The results showed that logistic regression algorithm achieved a 10x speed up in image acquisition time with a prediction accuracy of 99%. This method does not require image denoising or enhancement prior to recognition, reducing training and implementation time, as well as computational intensity, making it suitable for real-time quantum imaging and recognition of light sensitive structures.
ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Imogen Morland, Hanna Ostapenko, Feng Zhu, Derryck T. Reid, Jonathan Leach
Summary: In this study, correlated photon pairs were generated at 790nm wavelength using a compact GHz-rate cavity laser. The indistinguishability of the photons produced by SPDC was verified using Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry, and a dip in coincidence counts with a visibility of 81.8% was observed.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Stirling Scholes, Alice Ruget, German Mora-Martin, Feng Zhu, Istvan Gyongy, Jonathan Leach
Summary: This paper presents a method for fully characterizing drones in flight using a CNN with a decision tree and ensemble structure. The system can determine the type and orientation of drones, as well as perform segmentation for classification of different body parts. The researchers also provide a computer model for generating large quantities of accurately labeled photo-realistic training data, which allows the system to accurately characterize real drones in flight.
