Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuyan Liu, Chengwen Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Xuheng Jiang, Yuanhong Liang, Huan Wang, Yongfang Li, Guifan Sun
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. The findings showed that dietary BCAAs intake was positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, as well as an increased risk of hypertension.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Imen Becetti, Meghan Lauze, Hang Lee, Miriam A. Bredella, Madhusmita Misra, Vibha Singhal
Summary: This study found that adults with obesity experience a reduction in branched-chain amino acid levels following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), which may contribute to the metabolic advantages of MBS. The study also suggests that reducing dietary intake and serum branched-chain amino acid concentrations may reduce insulin resistance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Seonghee Park, Minjeong Chae, Hyoungsu Park, Kyong Park
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association between BCAA intake and handgrip strength in Korean older adults, finding a positive correlation between leucine intake and handgrip strength, which is beneficial for maintaining muscle health.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dalton C. Humphrey, Keith Haydon, Laura L. Greiner
Summary: This study investigated the interactions between leucine, isoleucine, and valine on the growth performance of nursery pigs. The results showed that valine had linear and quadratic effects on average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F), while high levels of leucine and isoleucine reduced growth and efficiency. There was an interaction between leucine and isoleucine, where decreasing leucine and increasing isoleucine improved ADG and G:F. Leucine negatively impacted feed intake at low levels of valine but had little effect at higher valine levels.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
He Yao, Kai Li, Jie Wei, Yajun Lin, Yinghua Liu
Summary: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play important regulatory roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and longevity. Studies have shown associations between circulating BCAA levels or dietary intake of BCAAs and longevity, sarcopenia, obesity, and diabetes. However, the effects of BCAAs on aging and insulin resistance vary in different populations, and contradictory conclusions have been drawn. The regulatory mechanism may be related to endogenous BCAA levels, BCAA metabolism, mTOR-related autophagy, and the recent discovery that insulin resistance may be independent of longevity.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Phillip J. White, Robert W. McGarrah, Mark A. Herman, James R. Bain, Svati H. Shah, Christopher B. Newgard
Summary: The association of obesity and insulin resistance with increased levels of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and decreased glycine levels is well-established. Human metabolomics and genetic studies have further confirmed these observations, with preclinical studies identifying mechanisms involved in amino acid homeostasis disruption and its connection to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, particularly in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. E. Mitchell, C. Lee, M. T. Socha, D. H. Kleinschmit, J. L. Firkins
Summary: This study assessed the uptake of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) for branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) synthesis in bacteria. It was found that BCVFA uptake for BCAA synthesis was higher in high forage diets compared to low forage diets. The addition of corn oil decreased the usage of BCVFA for BCAA synthesis in high forage diets. The findings suggest that BCVFA supplementation can benefit the flow of BCAA and other amino acids in dairy cattle.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Michaela E. Trautman, Nicole E. Richardson, Dudley W. Lamming
Summary: The proportion of people suffering from age-related diseases is increasing worldwide. Recent research has shown that low protein diets, particularly those low in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), can reduce mortality and promote metabolic health and extended lifespan in both humans and rodents. This article discusses the emerging evidence that BCAAs play a crucial role in healthy metabolism and longevity, and explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the benefits of restricting dietary BCAAs. The findings suggest that the quality of protein, specifically the composition of dietary protein, may be a previously overlooked factor in metabolic dysfunction and reducing dietary BCAAs could be a promising new approach to delaying and preventing age-related diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magnoudewa Priscille Pana, Pierre Ayotte, Elhadji Anassour-Laouan-Sidi, Edouard Suhas, Clemence Mahana Iti Gatti, Michel Lucas
Summary: This study aimed to assess changes in plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) after intervention-induced modifications in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) among French Polynesian adolescents. The results showed that a decrease in fat mass accompanied by an increase in fat-free mass was associated with a significant decrease in concentrations of obesity and insulin resistance metabolic markers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Froukje Vanweert, Marlies de Ligt, Joris Hoeks, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Patrick Schrauwen, Esther Phielix
Summary: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have elevated plasma branched-chain amino acid levels, which may be partly due to low mitochondrial oxidative capacity and compromised whole-body leucine oxidation rate.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jian Wu, Xiaoli Zhang, Zhiliang Tan, Jinzhen Jiao
Summary: This experiment studied the distribution of free amino acids and expression of related genes in the intestines of Liuyang black goats, finding that replacing corn grain with corn gluten feed did not significantly affect amino acid profiles. Differences were observed in amino acid concentrations and transporter expression between the small intestine and large intestine, with the jejunum identified as the primary site for amino acid transport. Substitution with corn gluten feed did not negatively impact the amino acid chemosensing systems.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Thomas Grenier-Larouche, Lydia Coulter Kwee, Yann Deleye, Paola Leon-Mimila, Jacquelyn M. Walejko, Robert W. McGarrah, Simon Marceau, Sylvain Trahan, Christine Racine, Andre C. Carpentier, Aldons J. Lusis, Olga Ilkayeva, Marie-Claude Vohl, Adriana Huertas-Vazquez, Andre Tchernof, Svati H. Shah, Christopher B. Newgard, Phillip J. White
Summary: This study found that increased levels of BCKA in the blood and hepatic expression of BCKDK are associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD/NASH in humans. SREBP1 has been identified as a transcriptional regulator of BCKDK.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiao-hang Qian, Xiao-li Liu, Bin Zhang, Yuan Lin, Jian-hua Xu, Gang-yu Ding, Hui-dong Tang
Summary: This study aims to explore the causal association between branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentration and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through a genetic instrumental variable study, it was found that AD is associated with decreased levels of BCAAs, which can serve as a marker for early diagnosis of AD.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tiangang Wu, Mengling Wang, Fengling Ning, Shilin Zhou, Xuetao Hu, Hong Xin, Svetlana Reilly, Xuemei Zhang
Summary: Fibrosis, characterized by excessive production of extracellular matrix, is a common pathological feature of organ diseases. Metabolic alterations, especially in the regulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), have been found to play significant roles in fibrogenesis. Dysregulation of BCAAs metabolism has been implicated in various diseases. This review summarizes the metabolic regulation of fibrosis, changes in BCAAs metabolism associated with fibrosis, and the effects and mechanisms of BCAAs intervention in hepatic, renal, and cardiac fibrosis, with a focus on liver fibrosis and associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. K. Brown, C. G. R. Perry, E. T. Prior, S. M. Phillips, L. E. Skelly, A. R. Josse
Summary: In this study, we compared the postprandial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), insulin, and glucose responses in young males after consuming two isonitrogenous doses of Greek-style yogurt and skimmed milk. The results showed that peak leucine and BCAA concentrations as well as the area under the curve were higher after consuming yogurt compared to milk, and the time to reach maximal leucine/BCAA concentrations was similar between the two conditions. This study demonstrates that protein-matched wholefood dairy products can elicit different postprandial aminoacidemic responses.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)