Review
Cell Biology
Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar, Meysam Zarezadeh, Samantha A. Molsberry, Alberto Ascherio
Summary: Aging leads to decreased serum levels of phospholipids and sphingomyelins in men, and increased levels in women; however, inconsistencies were found in studies on LPC in men and PC in women.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Andrea Lauer, Lea Victoria Griebsch, Sabrina Melanie Pilz, Daniel Janitschke, Elena Leoni Theiss, Joerg Reichrath, Christian Herr, Christoph Beisswenger, Robert Bals, Teresa Giovanna Valencak, Dorothea Portius, Heike Sabine Grimm, Tobias Hartmann, Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
Summary: Vitamin D-3 hypovitaminosis may not only affect gene expression, but also directly influence cellular lipid homeostasis, affecting disease states known for vitamin D hypovitaminosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Janitschke, Anna Andrea Lauer, Cornel Manuel Bachmann, Jakob Winkler, Lea Victoria Griebsch, Sabrina Melanie Pilz, Elena Leoni Theiss, Heike Sabine Grimm, Tobias Hartmann, Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by increased plaque formation and tangle accumulation in the brain, along with extensive lipid alterations. Methylxanthines, a type of alkaloid commonly consumed through diet, have been found to interfere with the molecular mechanisms leading to Alzheimer's disease. Our study shows that methylxanthines not only affect triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver and serum, but also induce changes in other lipid classes in neuroblastoma cells. These changes include both beneficial and adverse effects related to Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we suggest combining methylxanthines with a diet that alters lipid metabolism to counteract the adverse effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornel Manuel Bachmann, Daniel Janitschke, Anna Andrea Lauer, Tobias Erhardt, Tobias Hartmann, Marcus Otto Walter Grimm, Heike Sabine Grimm
Summary: Gemfibrozil, a drug used for over 40 years to reduce triglycerides in blood, induces the transcription of genes for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, little is known about its effects on intracellular lipid-homeostasis, specifically triglycerides. This study showed that gemfibrozil increased intracellular triglycerides in three different cell lines, suggesting enhanced cellular uptake. Furthermore, cell-line specific alterations in acylcarnitines were found, indicating increased transport of fatty acids to mitochondria, potentially important in diseases like Alzheimer's.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shannon K. Barth, Kim E. Innes, Erin K. Dursa, Robert M. Bossarte
Summary: The study found that demographic/lifestyle factors and pre-war medical conditions are strong predictors of GWI. All symptom predictor domains were significantly associated with GWI occurrence, indicating a need for further research to better understand this illness.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Maria Perez-Gonzalez, Isam Alobid, Valeria Tubita, Mireya Fuentes, Marina Bantula, Rosa Munoz-Cano, Antonio Valero, Inaki Izquierdo, Joaquim Mullol, Jacopo Galli
Summary: This study aimed to assess the role of the Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)/receptor (PAFR) system in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The study found that PAFR protein was expressed in nasal mucosa and nasal polyps, and Lyso-PAF concentrations were higher in nasal polyps of asthmatic patients. These findings suggest that the PAF/PAFR system may play a role in CRSwNP pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raghavan Pillai Raju, Alvin Terry
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects a significant number of veterans from the first Persian Gulf War, with common symptoms including chronic neurological impairments and fatigue syndrome. Despite the lack of effective treatments, research on mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular energetics provides promising implications for developing therapeutic strategies. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying pathology and develop new treatment methods for GWI.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elizabeth J. Gifford, Jacqueline Vahey, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Kellie J. Sims, Jimmy T. Efird, Erin K. Dursa, Lea Steele, Drew A. Helmer, Dawn Provenzale
Summary: This study characterized Gulf War Illness (GWI) among U.S. veterans who participated in the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository (GWECB). Deployed veterans had higher odds of meeting GWI case status-related measures compared to non-deployed veterans. Differences in symptoms attributed to GWI by deployment status have diminished since initial reports, suggesting the need to update GWI definitions to account for aging-related conditions and symptoms.
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher B. Brady, Ian Robey, Thor D. Stein, Bertrand R. Huber, Jessica Riley, Nazifa Abdul Rauf, Keith R. Spencer, Gabriel Walt, Latease Adams, James G. Averill, Sean Walker, Ann C. McKee, Stephen P. Thomson, Neil W. Kowall
Summary: The study introduces the Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses Biorepository (GWVIB) as a resource for researching Gulf War illness (GWI) and related disorders. By recruiting Gulf War era veterans nationally and conducting annual follow-ups, the GWVIB ensures the collection of health data and postmortem neuropathological examination for tissue banking. Data as of September 2021 show significant enrolment of GWVs, with common neuropathologies such as ALS, CTE, and Lewy body disease observed in tissue samples. High-quality CNS tissue and health data from this well-characterized cohort will support ongoing research on GWI and related disorders.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gursimrat Bhatti, Audri Villalon, Ruosha Li, Mohamed Elammari, Alexandra Price, Lea Steele, Jose M. Garcia, Marco Marcelli, Ricardo Jorge
Summary: This study aimed to identify hormonal alterations in Gulf War veterans and the relationship between Gulf War Illness (GWI) and hormonal dysregulation. The results showed that veterans with GWI had lower quality of life and greater symptom severity. AGHD was observed in 35.3% of GWI veterans, significantly higher than the 7.7% in veterans without GWI.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Emily G. Gean, Chelsea K. Ayers, Kara A. Winchell, Michele Freeman, Ashlyn M. Press, Robin Paynter, Devan Kansagara, Shannon M. Nugent
Summary: This systematic review explores the lack of validated biological tests for diagnosing Gulf War Illness (GWI) and the heterogeneous associations between biological measures and GWI case status. While many studies have indicated significant associations between biological measures and GWI case status, the differences in biological measures across studies highlight the need for further research and standardization in this field.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rami Elhaj, Joseph M. Reynolds
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a range of diseases specific to troops deployed during the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991). Factors contributing to GWI include chemical exposures, foreign environment, and combat stress. Studies suggest that neurotoxicant exposure may be an underlying factor for GWI development and persistence.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irina Kurokin, Anna Andrea Lauer, Daniel Janitschke, Jakob Winkler, Elena Leoni Theiss, Lea Victoria Griebsch, Sabrina Melanie Pilz, Veronika Matschke, Martin van der Laan, Heike Sabine Grimm, Tobias Hartmann, Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
Summary: The study investigated potential alterations in the lipid composition of mitochondria in a cellular AD model, revealing specific lipid changes in mitochondria that cannot be predicted from total cell analysis. The observed lipid alterations are accompanied by changes in the carnitine carrier system, suggesting altered mitochondrial functionality, which may be related to differences in APP processing.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Darren M. Winograd, Nicole L. Sullivan, Scott R. Thien, Wilfred R. Pigeon, David R. Litke, Drew A. Helmer, Joseph F. Rath, Shou-En Lu, Lisa M. McAndrew
Summary: The study found that patients with Gulf War Illness utilize a variety of self-management strategies, with healthcare use, lifestyle changes, and positive coping being identified as the most effective strategies. Conversely, avoidance, invalidating experiences, and negative coping were frequently identified as ineffective strategies. This suggests opportunities for providers to encourage effective self-management approaches among GWI patients.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maxine Krengel, Kimberly Sullivan, Vahe Heboyan, Clara G. Zundel, Col Candy Wilson, Nancy Klimas, Steven S. Coughlin
Summary: This study found that women GW veterans reporting deployment related exposures of pesticide, oil well fire and PB pills are significantly more likely to meet the Kansas GWI criteria. Exposures were related to symptom subdomain endorsements.
Correction
Neurosciences
Tanja Emmerich, Laila Abdullah, Joseph Ojo, Benoit Mouzon, Thinh Nguyen, Gogce Crynen, James E. Evans, Jon Reed, Michael Mullan, Fiona Crawford
NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mehdi Eshraghi, Uri Nimrod Ramirez-Jarquin, Neelam Shahani, Tommaso Nuzzo, Arianna De Rosa, Supriya Swarnkar, Nicole Galli, Oscar Rivera, George Tsaprailis, Catherina Scharager-Tapia, Gogce Crynen, Qin Li, Marie-Laure Thiolat, Erwan Bezard, Alessandro Usiello, Srinivasa Subramaniam
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hafeez S. Haniff, Laurent Knerr, Xiaohui Liu, Gogce Crynen, Jonas Bostrom, Daniel Abegg, Alexander Adibekian, Elizabeth Lekah, Kye Won Wang, Michael D. Cameron, Ilyas Yildirim, Malin Lemurell, Matthew D. Disney
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kyra Duong, Jiajia Ou, Zhaoliang Li, Zhaoqing Lv, Hao Dong, Tao Hu, Yunyun Zhang, Ava Hanna, Skyler Gordon, Gogce Crynen, Steven R. Head, Phillip Ordoukhanian, Yan Wang
Summary: A real-time dPCR system was developed to improve the sensitivity, specificity and quantification accuracy of end point dPCR. The limit of detection was further improved with the newly developed real-time dPCR technology through removal of false-positive signals, showing a larger linear dynamic range compared to end point dPCR.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Catherine Martinez, Maria Alejandra Quintero Cusguen, Judith Pignac-Kobinger, Gogce Crynen, Irina Fernandez, Ana Santander, Amber Delmas, David Kerman, Oriana Damas, Amar Deshpande, Juan Burgueno, Maria Abreu, Mark Sundrud
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jenna A. Levy, Christy W. LaFlamme, George Tsaprailis, Gogce Crynen, Damon T. Page
Summary: The study reveals that deletion of Dyrk1a gene in the cortex results in decreased brain mass, reduced neuronal size, structural hypoconnectivity, and autism-relevant behaviors in mice. Phosphoproteomic screening identified dysregulated growth-associated signaling cascades upon Dyrk1a deletion, and genetic suppression of Pten or pharmacological treatment with IGF-1 rescued microcephaly and neuronal undergrowth in mutant mice. These findings highlight a previously unknown mechanism through which Dyrk1a mutations disrupt growth factor signaling in the developing brain, influencing neuronal growth and connectivity.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Joseph O. Ojo, Jon M. Reed, Gogce Crynen, Prashanthi Vallabhaneni, James Evans, Benjamin Shackleton, Maximillian Eisenbaum, Charis Ringland, Anastasia Edsell, Michael Mullan, Fiona Crawford, Corbin Bachmeier
Summary: Cerebrovascular dysfunction and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease. Molecular damage to cerebrovessels can lead to alterations in vascular clearance mechanisms and amyloid deposition. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in protein expression in cerebrovessels with aging and AD, with dysregulation of pathways related to chemokine signaling, HIF1 alpha, and mitochondrial function. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of AD and suggest potential therapeutic targets for improving cerebrovascular function.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Huihui Mou, Brian D. Quinlan, Haiyong Peng, Guanqun Liu, Yan Guo, Shoujiao Peng, Lizhou Zhang, Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Matthew R. Gardner, Gogce Crynen, Lindsey B. DeVaux, Zhi Xiang Voo, Charles C. Bailey, Michael D. Alpert, Christoph Rader, Michaela U. Gack, Hyeryun Choe, Michael Farzan
Summary: The research suggests that pangolins may serve as an intermediate host between humans and bats, and that bat ACE2 orthologs could provide insights useful for enhancing the potency of ACE2-based therapeutics.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mai H. Tran, Hajeung Park, Christopher L. Nobles, Pabalu Karunadharma, Li Pan, Guocai Zhong, Haimin Wang, Wenhui He, Tianling Ou, Gogce Crynen, Kelly Sheptack, Ian Stiskin, Huihui Mou, Michael Farzan
Summary: CRISPR effector proteins, such as Cas12a/Cpf1, can introduce double-stranded breaks into the mammalian genome to facilitate gene editing. In this study, researchers observed that a novel Cas12a ortholog, Lb2Cas12a, edited mammalian genes with efficiency comparable to well-characterized Cas12a orthologs. By introducing mutations into Lb2Cas12a, the researchers created a variant, Lb2-KY, that exhibited enhanced cleavage efficiency for a range of target sequences beyond those targeted by commonly used Cas12a orthologs. This Lb2-KY variant demonstrated efficient editing of hemoglobin target regions useful for correcting sickle-cell anemia, indicating its potential for modifying clinically relevant targets in the human genome.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jiachen Xu, Kyra Duong, Zhenlin Yang, Kavanaugh Kaji, Jiajia Ou, Steven R. Head, Gogce Crynen, Phillip Ordoukhanian, Lauren Hanna, Ava Hanna, Yan Wang, Zhijie Wang, Jie Wang
Summary: Real-time digital PCR improves sensitivity and accuracy by utilizing amplification curves, especially performing better at very low allele frequencies. It effectively reduces false negative results from tissue biopsy, allowing more patients to receive targeted therapy for better survival.
TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jingru Fang, Colette Pietzsch, George Tsaprailis, Gogce Crynen, Kelvin Frank Cho, Alice Y. Ting, Alexander Bukreyev, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Erica Ollmann Saphire
Summary: This study utilized proximity proteomics and siRNA screening to identify the functional interactome of Ebola virus polymerase. It identified two cellular mRNA decay factors and demonstrated their role in promoting viral replication. Targeting one of these factors for degradation significantly reduced viral RNA load and particle production.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jingru Fang, Colette Pietzsch, Haydar Witwit, George Tsaprailis, Gogce Crynen, Kelvin Frank Cho, Alice Y. Ting, Alexander Bukreyev, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Juan Carlos de la Torre
Summary: In this study, proximity proteomics was used to define the interactome of Lassa virus polymerase, leading to the identification of proteins involved in the virus replication and transcription. Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 3a was characterized as a proviral factor that physically associates with Lassa virus polymerase. Targeted degradation of this factor resulted in strong inhibition of Lassa virus infection, suggesting it as a potential target for antiviral development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Blessy M. Suresh, Yoshihiro Akahori, Amirhossein Taghavi, Gogce Crynen, Quentin M. R. Gibaut, Yue Li, Matthew D. Disney
Summary: By constructing a comprehensive RNA-focused small-molecule fragment collection and studying the binding landscape of different fragments to RNA experimentally, a potent and specific drug-like fragment targeting a specific RNA target was discovered, showing promising application in alleviating oncogenic features of certain cancer cells.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph O. Ojo, Gogce Crynen, Moustafa Algamal, Prashanti Vallabhaneni, Paige Leary, Benoit Mouzon, Jon M. Reed, Michael Mullan, Fiona Crawford
Correction
Immunology
Wei Cao, Hisako Kayama, Mei Lan Chen, Amber Delmas, Amy Sun, Sang Yong Kim, Erumbi S. Rangarajan, Kelly McKevitt, Amanda P. Beck, Cody B. Jackson, Gogce Crynen, Angelos Oikonomopoulos, Precious N. Lacey, Gustavo J. Martinez, Tina Izard, Robin G. Lorenz, Alex Rodriguez-Palacios, Fabio Cominelli, Maria T. Abreu, Daniel W. Hommes, Sergei B. Koralov, Kiyoshi Takeda, Mark S. Sundrud