Review
Neurosciences
Monokesh K. Sen, David A. Mahns, Jens R. Coorssen, Peter J. Shortland
Summary: Microglia and astrocytes play important roles in the clearance of myelin debris and remyelination in human demyelinating diseases. Recent studies have shown that up-regulation of signaling proteins in microglia facilitates effective phagocytosis of myelin debris and the release of protective mediators accelerates remyelination. However, inadequate activation or recruitment of microglia, as well as the production of toxic mediators, impairs remyelination and leads to progressive demyelination.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilias Kalafatakis, Domna Karagogeos
Summary: This review summarizes the regulation of myelination by oligodendrocytes under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the role of microglia in myelin generation, regeneration, and repair. The beneficial and detrimental roles of microglia in remyelination are discussed, along with the cellular and molecular components involved. Recent findings related to preclinical models using human stem cells for studying microglia in human pathologies and the impact of the microbiome on glial cell functions are also presented.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fengmei Zheng, Yiqing Lin, Pierre Boulas
Summary: A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantification of cuprizone in pre-clinical formulations, showing good specificity, linearity, and accuracy. The method was successfully applied to quantify low levels of cuprizone in chow formulations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Andreea Hertanu, Lucas Soustelle, Julie Buron, Julie Le Priellec, Myriam Cayre, Arnaud Le Troter, Valentin H. Prevost, Jean-Philippe Ranjeva, Gopal Varma, David C. Alsop, Pascale Durbec, Olivier M. Girard, Guillaume Duhamel
Summary: This study investigated the association of ihMT signals with demyelination and remyelination in the acute cuprizone mouse model using multimodal MRI. The results showed that the ihMT high-pass T1D-filters were sensitive markers of demyelination and remyelination, and correlated well with histology. The ihMT band-pass T1D-filter was less sensitive to myelin changes and may be influenced by other pathological processes.
Review
Neurosciences
Kelley C. C. Atkinson, Marvellous Osunde, Seema K. K. Tiwari-Woodruff
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with mitochondrial energy production failure. Mitochondrial morphology changes and impaired transport contribute to neurodegeneration and disability in MS. Current methodologies for studying mitochondria in MS only provide a partial understanding, and cell-specific studies in animal models are needed for a comprehensive understanding.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marije J. D. Huitema, Eva M. M. Strijbis, Antonio Luchicchi, John G. J. M. Bol, Jason R. Plemel, Jeroen J. G. Geurts, Geert J. Schenk
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. This study introduced and validated a novel standardized method for more precise myelin quantification in progressive MS brains. The method showed excellent inter-rater agreement and reliability in quantifying myelin content in human post-mortem samples.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Grace Samtani, Sunja Kim, Danielle Michaud, Andrew E. Hillhouse, Joseph A. Szule, Kranti Konganti, Jianrong Li
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common demyelinating disease in the central nervous system, characterized by myelin destruction, axonal degeneration, and progressive loss of neurological functions. The mechanisms of myelin repair, especially after chronic demyelination, remain poorly understood.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin V. Ineichen, Keying Zhu, Karl E. Carlstrom
Summary: This study found that axons with thinner myelin sheaths have larger axonal mitochondria, which is temporarily absent during demyelination but reestablished during advanced remyelination. Axonal mitochondrial size adjusts in response to the thickness of the myelin sheath, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial adaptation in remyelinating therapies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heinig Leo, Markus Kipp
Summary: Remyelination therapies are crucial in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and the cuprizone model is a widely used model to study the effectiveness of new compounds. This review article summarizes recent findings using this model and discusses the potential of identified compounds in promoting remyelination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yun Xiao, Yuan Zhang, Yu-Han Gao, Zhuo-Hua Zhao, Jin He, Rui Gao, Yu-Xin Guo, Li-Bin Wang, Xing Li
Summary: The main pathological characteristics of demyelinating diseases are CNS myelin damage and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells plays a crucial role in myelin repair. Previous studies have shown that a large number of platelet-derived growth factor receptor a positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells accumulate in the lesion area of myelin injury, but their differentiation is hindered. However, the therapeutic effects of currently used drugs on OPCs differentiation and myelin repair are limited. Efficiently delivering drugs to the CNS lesion area is of great significance for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Natural exosomes, as ideal drug carriers with good biocompatibility, can be armed with targeting ligands to achieve drug delivery to the lesion areas. This study combines exosomes with PDGFA to help them accumulate in OPCs in vitro and in vivo, and load montelukast into exosomes for targeted therapy in a cuprizone-induced demyelination animal model. The implementation of this research will provide effective treatments for demyelinating diseases and lay a theoretical foundation for its clinical application in the treatment of different demyelinating diseases.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Pei-Lun Lai, Chi-Hou Ng, Chia-Hsin Wu, Chien-Ying Lai, Scott C. Schuyler, Vicki Wang, Hsuan Lin, Yueh-Chang Lee, Ming-Hsi Chuang, Chang-Huan Yang, Wei-Ju Chen, Hsiao-Chun Huang, Jean Lu
Summary: This study established an in vitro method to convert human fibroblasts into oligodendrocyte-like cells, and demonstrated that specific small molecules could induce the cells to acquire oligodendrocyte-like characteristics. By directly injecting these molecules into a mouse model of demyelination, the researchers successfully rescued the demyelination phenotype. These findings provide a foundation for the development of a remyelination therapy.
Article
Neurosciences
Lara-Jasmin Schroeder, Felix Mulenge, Andreas Pavlou, Thomas Skripuletz, Martin Stangel, Viktoria Gudi, Ulrich Kalinke
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the transcriptomic signatures of astrocytes during demyelination and remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model. They found that reactive astrocytes showed an inflammatory response during demyelination, while during remyelination, there was a shift towards tissue remodeling and regeneration. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of astrocyte functions during neurodegeneration and regeneration.
Article
Immunology
Miranda M. Standiford, Ethan M. Grund, Charles L. Howe
Summary: This study revealed that citrullinated myelin induces a unique microglial response with increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Injection of citrullinated myelin inhibits spontaneous remyelination significantly, while neutralization of TNF alpha restores remyelination to normal levels.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kimberle Shen, Mike Reichelt, Roxanne Kyauk, Hai Ngu, Yun-An A. Shen, Oded Foreman, Zora Modrusan, Brad A. Friedman, Morgan Sheng, Tracy J. Yuen
Summary: The Mertk gene plays a crucial role in microglial activation, phagocytosis, and migration during remyelination, with its deficiency leading to impaired clearance of myelin debris and inhibited remyelination. IFN gamma is identified as a key mediator in the inhibitory effect of myelin debris on remyelination, hindering microglial clearance of myelin debris and oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lillian M. Toomey, Melissa Papini, Brittney Lins, Alexander J. Wright, Andrew Warnock, Terence McGonigle, Sarah C. Hellewell, Carole A. Bartlett, Chidozie Anyaegbu, Melinda Fitzgerald
Summary: The study showed that cuprizone pellets were more effective than cuprizone powder in inducing demyelinating disease pathology in mice, with better performance in certain indicators. However, both forms had similar effects on oligodendrocyte precursor cell dynamics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrew J. Steelman, Yun Zhou, Hisami Koito, SunJa Kim, H. Ross Payne, Q. Richard Lu, Jianrong Li
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2016)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chuntao Zhao, Yaqi Deng, Lei Liu, Kun Yu, Liguo Zhang, Haibo Wang, Xuelian He, Jincheng Wang, Changqing Lu, Laiman N. Wu, Qinjie Weng, Meng Mao, Jianrong Li, Johan H. van Es, Mei Xin, Lee Parry, Steven A. Goldman, Hans Clevers, Q. Richard Lu
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2016)
Article
Neurosciences
SunJa Kim, Jacek Bielawski, Hyunmin Yang, Yu Kong, Beiyan Zhou, Jianrong Li
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sehoon Jeong, Sunja Kim, John Buonocore, Jaewon Park, C. Jane Welsh, Jianrong Li, Arum Han
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
William B. Stoughton, Jianrong Li, Cindy Balog-Alvarez, Joe N. Kornegay
Article
Clinical Neurology
Janelle N. Fawver, Yonatan Ghiwot, Catherine Koola, Wesley Carrera, Jennifer Rodriguez-Rivera, Caterina Hernandez, Kelly T. Dineley, Yu Kong, Jianrong Li, Jack Jhamandas, George Perry, Ian V. J. Murray
CURRENT ALZHEIMER RESEARCH
(2014)
Article
Developmental Biology
Yaqi Deng, BongWoo Kim, Xuelian He, Sunja Kim, Changqing Lu, Haibo Wang, Ssang-Goo Cho, Yiping Hou, Jianrong Li, Xianghui Zhao, Q. Richard Lu
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew J. Steelman, Roger Smith, C. Jane Welsh, Jianrong Li
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2013)
Article
Immunology
Andrew J. Steelman, Jianrong Li
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2014)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jaewon Park, Sunja Kim, Su Inn Park, Yoonsuck Choe, Jianrong Li, Arum Han
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2014)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jaewon Park, Hisami Koito, Jianrong Li, Arum Han
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Sunja Kim, Jaewon Park, Arum Han, Jianrong Li
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2014)
Article
Cell Biology
S. J. Kim, Jianrong Li
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2013)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsueh Chung Lu, Sunja Kim, Andrew J. Steelman, Kevin Tracy, Beiyan Zhou, Danielle Michaud, Andrew E. Hillhouse, Kranti Konganti, Jianrong Li
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Grace Samtani, Sunja Kim, Danielle Michaud, Andrew E. Hillhouse, Joseph A. Szule, Kranti Konganti, Jianrong Li
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common demyelinating disease in the central nervous system, characterized by myelin destruction, axonal degeneration, and progressive loss of neurological functions. The mechanisms of myelin repair, especially after chronic demyelination, remain poorly understood.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)