Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Linda Frintrop, Stefanie Trinh, Jochen Seitz, Markus Kipp
Summary: Eating behavior is regulated by hypothalamic circuits, with glia cells potentially playing a role in this process. Recent studies have shown a reduction in the number of astrocytes in an experimental anorexia nervosa model. Anorexia nervosa is associated with brain volume loss and neuropsychological deficits, and the underlying pathophysiology is still unknown. Understanding the role of glia cells in eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, may lead to the identification of new drug targets.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Loredana Raciti, Caterina Formica, Gianfranco Raciti, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabro
Summary: Neurosteroids are synthesized de novo in the nervous system, mainly regulating neuronal excitability. They cross the blood-brain barrier and are stored in the brain. Neurosteroidogenesis occurs in brain regions such as the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Neurosteroids play a vital role in sexual steroid-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity, enhancing spine density and long term potentiation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Tae Kim, Byong Seo Park, Hye Rim Yang, Seon Yi, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Jae Geun Kim
Summary: This study identified the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic abnormalities, such as anorexia and weight loss, during cisplatin treatment. The altered activity of hypothalamic neurons and inflammation linked to microglial activation were found to be involved in these side effects.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takeshi Iwasa, Hiroki Noguchi, Risa Tanano, Erika Yamanaka, Asuka Takeda, Kou Tamura, Hidenori Aoki, Tatsuro Sugimoto, Hikari Sasada, Takaaki Maeda, Saki Minato, Shota Yamamoto, Hiroaki Inui, Tomohiro Kagawa, Atsuko Yoshida, Ayuka Mineda, Mari Nii, Riyo Kinouchi, Kanako Yoshida, Yuri Yamamoto, Takashi Kaji
Summary: Recent studies have revealed the effects of androgens on metabolic and body weight regulation systems in females and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Excess androgens can negatively impact metabolic functioning, appetite, and body weight regulation, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders. These effects are caused by changes in hypothalamic appetite-regulatory factors, decreased energy expenditure, skeletal muscle insulin resistance, and beta-cell dysfunction. Interestingly, these adverse effects of androgens are not observed in ovariectomized animals and post-menopausal women, suggesting a potential dependence on the estrogen milieu. The findings may provide novel strategies for sex- and age-specific treatment of metabolic diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Caroline S. S. Johnson, Paul E. Micevych, Paul G. G. Mermelstein
Summary: Recent studies have shown that traditional estrogen receptors, alpha and beta, can also act at the cell surface in addition to their nuclear functions. Signaling from these membrane-bound estrogen receptors can rapidly affect cellular excitability and ultimately impact gene expression. The interaction between these membrane receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) plays a key role in various female functions such as reproduction and motivation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Simona Dedoni, Maria Scherma, Chiara Camoglio, Carlotta Siddi, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda
Summary: The expression of ALK receptor is reduced in rats with activity-based anorexia, indicating a potential involvement of ALK receptor in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick Sweeney, Can Chen, Indika Rajapakse, Roger D. Cone
Summary: Mutations in MC4R gene can lead to hyperphagia and obesity, with the activity of PVN MC4R neurons being influenced by changes in energy state and pharmacological intervention. Utilizing endomicroscopic and mathematical methods, it is possible to determine the quantitative and qualitative changes in PVN MC4R neurons during fasting and refeeding, as well as the encoding of different energy states by distinct neuronal ensembles.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Megan G. Massa, Rachel L. Scott, Alexandra L. Cara, Laura R. Cortes, Paul B. Vander, Norma P. Sandoval, Jae W. Park, Sahara L. Ali, Leandro M. Velez, Huei-Bin Wang, Shomik S. Ati, Bethlehem Tesfaye, Karen Reue, J. Edward van Veen, Marcus M. Seldin, Stephanie M. Correa
Summary: This study demonstrates that somatostatin neurons in the tuberal hypothalamus can modify feeding behavior in mice based on their metabolic and reproductive states. By responding to circulating estrogen levels, SST neurons integrate metabolic and reproductive cues to regulate feeding differently depending on energy stores.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Siew Cheng Phua, Yu Lin Tan, Alison Maun Yeng Kok, Esra Senol, Christine Jin Hui Chiam, Chun-Yao Lee, Yanmin Peng, Auriel Theodora Jacobea Lim, Hasan Mohammad, Jing-Xuan Lim, Yu Fu
Summary: The study revealed that specific neurons in the parabrachial nucleus of mice can suppress motivation to eat through a particular neural pathway, impacting appetite and food reward behavior.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bora Jeong, Kwang-Kon Kim, Tae-Hwan Lee, Han-Rae Kim, Byong-Seo Park, Jeong-Woo Park, Jin-Kwon Jeong, Jae-Young Seong, Byung-Ju Lee
Summary: This study found that SPX mediates the effect of leptin on energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus. Administration of SPX reduced food intake and body weight gain, and SPX expression was found in leptin receptor ObRb-positive cells in the hypothalamus. Leptin increased SPX expression and this effect was mediated by the STAT3 pathway.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandre Moura-Assis, Jeffrey M. Friedman, Licio A. Velloso
Summary: Interoceptive signals from gut and adipose tissue and sensory cues from the environment are integrated by hubs in the brain to regulate feeding behavior and maintain homeostatic control of body weight. In vivo neural recordings have revealed that these signals control the activity of multiple layers of hunger neurons and eating is not only the result of feedback correction to a set point, but can also be under the influence of anticipatory regulations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Caglar Berkel, Ercan Cacan
Summary: Estrogen, estrogen receptors, and estrogen-related receptors play a role in cisplatin resistance, associated with higher resistance in cancer cells, mainly due to decreased caspase activity.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Agnieszka Anna Rawluszko-Wieczorek, Kamila Romanowska, Michal Nowicki
Summary: Estrogens, a group of hormones, play pivotal roles in physiological processes and are implicated in pathophysiological changes such as cancer. The two isoforms of estrogen receptor (ER), ER alpha and ER beta, elicit different transcriptional and tissue-specific responses. The expression of ER subtypes and their correlation with clinical outcomes of cancer are influenced by co-regulators, which play a role in modulating transcriptional activity on target gene chromatin. This review provides an overview of ER-driven responses, focusing on the complex interaction between ERs and chromatin modifiers, and discusses how chromatin accessibility and epigenetic modifications contribute to ER recruitment and transactivation.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Juliane Glaser, Julian Iranzo, Maud Borensztein, Mattia Marinucci, Angelica Gualtieri, Colin Jouhanneau, Aurelie Teissandier, Carles Gaston-Massuet, Deborah Bourc'his
Summary: This study demonstrates that the paternally expressed gene Zdbf2 controls neonatal growth in mice and is essential for adapting to oral feeding and optimizing body weight gain.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hiroaki Ueno, Weidong Zhang, Masamitsu Nakazato
Summary: Obesity and obesity-related diseases are global pandemics. Peptide chemistry and molecular biology have identified peptides that regulate appetite and energy metabolism. Peptide-related drugs have powerful anti-obesity effects with fewer adverse effects. Liraglutide and other candidates have been developed as anti-obesity drugs, and hybrid peptides have been designed to enhance appetite suppression.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ozra Dehkordi, Jed E. Rose, Mehrnaz Fatemi, Joanne S. Allard, Kannan V. Balan, John K. Young, Sabiha Fatima, Richard M. Millis, Annapurni Jayam-Trouth
Article
Physiology
JK Young, IA Dreshaj, CG Wilson, RJ Martin, SIA Zaidi, MA Haxhiu
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2005)
Article
Physiology
JK Young, MF Wu, KF Manaye, P Kc, JS Allard, SO Mack, MA Haxhiu
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2005)
Article
Cell Biology
JK Young, JC McKenzie
JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY
(2004)
Article
Pediatrics
IA Dreshaj, MA Haxhiu, RJ Martin, JK Young
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2003)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
JK Young
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2002)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
JK Young, JH Baker, MI Montes
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2000)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Edna C. Cieslik, Markus Ullsperger, Martin Gell, Simon B. Eickhoff, Robert Langner
Summary: Previous studies on error processing have primarily focused on the posterior medial frontal cortex, but the role of other brain regions has been underestimated. This study used activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses to explore brain activity related to committing errors and responding successfully in interference tasks. It was found that the salience network and the temporoparietal junction were commonly involved in both correct and incorrect responses, indicating their general involvement in coping with situations that require increased cognitive control. Error-specific convergence was observed in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, posterior thalamus, and left superior frontal gyrus, while successful responding showed stronger convergence in the dorsal attention network and lateral prefrontal regions. Underrecruitment of these regions in error trials may reflect failures in activating the appropriate stimulus-response contingencies necessary for successful response execution.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2024)