Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli, Serkan Sayiner, Ugochukwu Chukwunyere, Nedime Serakinci
Summary: The utilization of oxygen in cells leads to the generation of free radicals, contributing to aging and age-related diseases. Angiotensin II activates the oxidative pathway, causing DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species, while melatonin may relieve induced stress by enhancing the mitochondrial calcium uptake pathway.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Run Jin, Aidan Kai Yeung Chan, Jingsong Wu, Tatia Mei Chun Lee
Summary: The review discusses the potential mechanisms and strategies for ameliorating age-related neurocognitive changes associated with inflammation, providing important insights for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurocognitive disorders and developing preventative measures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng-Ta Hsieh, Ting-Lin Yen, Yu-Hao Chen, Jing-Shiun Jan, Ruei-Dun Teng, Chih-Hao Yang, Jui-Ming Sun
Summary: Age is an important predictor of unfavorable prognosis after brain trauma, and the effective treatment for geriatric TBI is currently limited. Through experiments on middle-aged animals, it has been found that thyroid hormones play a role in regulating TBI susceptibility, and thyroid dysfunction may be a crucial pathology in the increased severity of TBI in older individuals. By surgically removing the thyroid glands, it has been shown that the endogenous thyroid hormone-dependent compensatory regulation of antioxidant events can modulate individual TBI susceptibility, and acute melatonin treatment shows potential for improving TBI-susceptible phenotypes in aged individuals with thyroid dysfunction.
Review
Cell Biology
Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman, Zeeshan Ahmad, Jeonghyun Choi, Yonggeun Hong
Summary: Melatonin shows differential effects on oxidative stress-induced senescence in the SAMP8 mouse model, reducing lipid peroxidation and carbonylated protein, while increasing the reduced-glutathione/oxidized-glutathione ratio. Melatonin also regulates nuclear-factor-kappa B, cyclin-dependent kinase-5, and p53, suggesting a role in improving physiological stability during aging.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nuttapong Yawoot, Piyarat Govitrapong, Chainarong Tocharus, Jiraporn Tocharus
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke and often coexists with it. The susceptibility for ischemic brain damage increases significantly with concomitant obesity, and inflammation plays a key role. Melatonin shows potential in exerting anti-inflammatory effects and providing protection against obesity and ischemic stroke, although more research is needed on its effectiveness in cases of ischemic stroke with obesity-induced inflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Tchekalarova, Rumiana Tzoneva
Summary: Aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are linked by common features like mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation. The rising costs of caring for elderly patients with these diseases is a major issue in today's demographic crisis. Oxidative stress and imbalanced antioxidant defense system play crucial roles in age-related neurodegeneration, and diminished melatonin release with aging further increases susceptibility to these diseases. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and melatonin's role is important for developing precise treatment strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Devin Wahl, Julie A. Moreno, Kelly S. Santangelo, Qian Zhang, Maryam F. Afzali, Maureen A. Walsh, Robert Musci, Alyssa N. Cavalier, Karyn L. Hamilton, Thomas J. LaRocca
Summary: Older age is the primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Current preclinical models cannot completely replicate the disease and its age-dependence, and there has been limited success in translating preclinical results and treatments to humans. This study describes two nontransgenic guinea pig models that naturally mimic key features of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease in humans.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ekin Bolukbasi, Nathaniel S. Woodling, Dobril K. Ivanov, Jennifer Adcott, Andrea Foley, Arjunan Rajasingam, Lauren M. Gittings, Benjamin Aleyakpo, Teresa Niccoli, Janet M. Thornton, Linda Partridge
Summary: Reduced activity of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway has been shown to increase healthy lifespan in various animal species. In the adult nervous system of Drosophila, specific transcription factors like neuronal FKH and glial FOXO play independent roles in extending healthy lifespan. The importance of cell type-specific mapping of transcription factor activity for preserving healthy function with age is highlighted in this study.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaojie Yu, Yuting Wang, Yifan Song, Xianda Gao, Hongkui Deng
Summary: Aging is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation in multiple tissues, also termed inflammaging, which represents a significant risk factor for many aging-related chronic diseases. However, the mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying inflammaging across different tissues have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes and epigenomes of the kidney and liver from young and aged mice and found links between transcriptome changes and chromatin dynamics through integrative analysis. We identified AP-1 and ETS family transcription factors as potential regulators of inflammaging and demonstrated that genetic knockdown of Fos, a major member of the AP-1 family, significantly attenuated the inflammatory response in aged kidneys and livers.
Review
Physiology
Fabian Fischer, Giovanna Grigolon, Christoph Benner, Michael Ristow
Summary: Aging is a significant risk factor for various diseases, and transcription factors have emerged as important regulators of longevity and age-related disorders, providing potential targets for interventions to mitigate the effects of aging.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael C. Church, Jerry L. Workman, Tamaki Suganuma
Summary: Inflammation serves as the body's defense mechanism against harmful stimuli, aiming to restore homeostasis. While controlled acute inflammation can transiently activate the immune response beneficially, dysregulated inflammatory responses, such as chronic inflammation, disrupt immune system balance, leading to increased susceptibility to infection, ongoing tissue damage, and dysfunction. Aging is a risk factor for chronic inflammation, and chromatin structure changes are associated with aging.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Aliabbas Zia, Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Saeed Samarghandian
Summary: Aging is the primary risk factor for age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, understanding the mechanisms behind aging is crucial for brain health. Brain aging is characterized by a decline in neurophysiological functions, impaired neuroplasticity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, and other factors. Various pathways contribute to brain aging, including oxidative stress, inflammation, energy metabolism disturbances, and the involvement of key modulators in metabolic control.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ran Lee, Won-Yong Lee, Hyun-Jung Park
Summary: Melatonin can protect hepatocytes against D-Gal-induced aging damage, reducing liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis. The expression levels of inflammatory genes and genes associated with hepatic lipid accumulation were significantly decreased with melatonin treatment.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikola T. Markov, Cutter A. Lindbergh, Adam M. Staffaroni, Kevin Perez, Michael Stevens, Khiem Nguyen, Natalia F. Murad, Corrina Fonseca, Judith Campisi, Joel Kramer, David Furman
Summary: Aging is associated with progressive loss of brain volume at a rate of 5% per decade after age 40. However, individual physiology may play a more specific role than just age in predicting cognitive performance. Immune proteins, including growth factors and inflammatory proteins, have been identified as potential biomarkers for brain aging and may be therapeutic targets for age-related cognitive decline.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Harvey B. Sarnat
Summary: Synaptogenesis is the final phase of axonal pathfinding, characterized by precise timing and consistency in the immature nervous system. Synaptophysin, a reliable marker for synaptogenesis, can be used to study the sequences of synapse development in human fetal brain tissue even after postmortem autolysis. It has been found that synaptophysin molecules are present in both immature and mature axons, and alterations in synapse distribution and timing are commonly observed in brain malformations, leading to postnatal clinical manifestations such as epilepsy and cognitive development.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)