Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenjing Niu, Haibo Wang, Bo Wang, Xueying Mao, Min Du
Summary: Obesity inhibits muscle regeneration, but resveratrol may enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle regeneration by activating AMPK.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Paramesha Bugga, Md Jahangir Alam, Roshan Kumar, Subhashis Pal, Naibedya Chattopadyay, Sanjay Kumar Banerjee
Summary: Sirt3 plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and is involved in mito-nuclear communication through AMPK-alpha. Knockdown of Sirt3 impairs mitochondrial function and dynamics, while overexpression of Sirt3 enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and alters dynamics, indicating its importance in maintaining mitochondrial health.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jia Sun, Fan -He Song, Jia-Yi Wu, Long-Qing Zhang, Dan-Yang Li, Shao-Jie Gao, Dai-Qiang Liu, Ya-Qun Zhou, Wei Mei
Summary: This study found that overexpression of Sesn2 can alleviate pain behaviors in rats with osteoarthritis (OA) by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, improving mechanical allodynia and weight-bearing asymmetry. Additionally, Sesn2 overexpression can inhibit the activation of astrocytes and microglia, reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, and attenuate OA-induced neuroinflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Luisa Barcena, Greta Tonini, Natalie Haritonow, Pavelas Breiter, Hendrik Milting, Istvan Baczko, Ursula Mueller-Werdan, Yury Ladilov, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of sex and age on mitochondrial homeostasis, inflammation, and cellular senescence. The results show that AMPK expression and phosphorylation are significantly increased in male cardiac tissue from patients with inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMI), while Sirt1 expression remains unchanged in all groups. In older female patients, the expression of mitochondrial genes is significantly reduced. Additionally, inflammatory markers NF-κB and TLR4 are downregulated in older male DCMI patients, but IL-18 expression is increased in older female patients, accompanied by accelerated senescence in older DCMI hearts.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rory P. Cunningham, Mary P. Moore, Ryan J. Dashek, Grace M. Meers, Vivien Jepkemoi, Takamune Takahashi, Victoria J. Vieira-Potter, Jill A. Kanaley, Frank W. Booth, R. Scott Rector
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time the requirement of eNOS in hepatocytes for the exercise-induced increase in hepatic fatty acid oxidation in male mice. Deletion of eNOS in hepatocytes also appears to impair the energy-sensing ability of the cell and inhibit the activation of the autophagy initiating factor ULK1.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jara Tabitha Hees, Angelika Bettina Harbauer
Summary: Mitochondria play a critical role in neuronal function by providing ATP and buffering Ca2+. The regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis at the transcriptional and translational level is necessary for neurons to adapt to local differences in mitochondrial demand. Defects in the localization of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins and contact site formation between mitochondria and endolysosomes can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in various neurological disorders.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chenlei Wang, Xinlei Yan, Yanping Bai, Lina Sun, Lihua Zhao, Ye Jin, Lin Su
Summary: This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of Lactobacillus on meat quality in Sunit sheep. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus improved meat quality by promoting myofiber type conversion and regulating the expression of genes and proteins associated with meat quality.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Heidorn-Czarna, Herbert-Michael Heidorn, Sanjanie Fernando, Oana Sanislav, Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz, Rupert Mutzel, Paul R. Fisher
Summary: Mitochondrial biogenesis is a tightly regulated process dependent on various signaling pathways that respond to cellular and environmental cues. AMPK plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and has been shown to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Overexpression of AMPK in D. discoideum enhances mitochondrial biogenesis while impacting cell growth and development. Proteomics analysis reveals changes in phosphorylation levels and abundance of proteins related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and inner membrane biogenesis in response to AMPK overexpression, suggesting an interplay between AMPK and mTORC1 signaling pathways in controlling cellular growth and mitochondrial biogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoxia Kong, Daopeng Lin, Liling Lu, Lidan Lin, Hongyu Zhang, Hailin Zhang
Summary: Apelin-13 administration ameliorates pulmonary vascular permeability and mitochondrial function, and promotes autophagic flux in mice and HUVECs with ALI induced by LPS. The protective effects of Apelin-13 were found to be related to enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK to regulate mitochondrial function and autophagy, but this effect was reduced after AMPK inhibition.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Yifan Guo, Mengdi Wang, Yufei Liu, Yanyu Pang, Lei Tian, Jingwen Zhao, Mengchao Liu, Cun Shen, Yuan Meng, Yuefen Wang, Zhen Cai, Wenjing Zhao
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Chinese herbal formula BaoShenTongLuo (BSTL) on podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and the role of AMPK-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. The results showed that BSTL reduced podocyte damage and improved renal function in db/db mice, accompanied by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and suppression of podocyte apoptosis. These effects were mediated through the AMPK pathway.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ziyuan Wang, Zihui Yang, Jie Liu, Yiming Hao, Baoguo Sun, Jing Wang
Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular metabolism, and natural bioactive components in whole grains can improve metabolic disorders by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qiong Cheng, Juan Chen, Hui Guo, Jin-li Lu, Jing Zhou, Xin-yu Guo, Yue Shi, Yu Zhang, Shu Yu, Qi Zhang, Fei Ding
Summary: The study demonstrates that PQQ can alleviate locomotor deficits and dopaminergic neuron loss in a mouse PD model by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Md. Shamim Rahman, Khan Mohammad Imran, Monir Hossain, Tae-Jin Lee, Yong-Sik Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates that Biochanin A induces the formation of brown-fat-like adipocytes in C3H10T1/2 MSCs, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, and activates thermogenesis through the AMPK signaling pathway. Further clinical research is needed to validate Biochanin A as an inducer of a brown-fat-like phenotype.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lidianys Maria Lewis Lujan, Mark F. McCarty, James J. Di Nicolantonio, Juan Carlos Galvez Ruiz, Ema Carina Rosas-Burgos, Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea, Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
Summary: In patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), there are structural and functional defects in crucial retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells' mitochondria, along with deficient expression of Dicer enzyme. This deficiency increases the expression of Alu RNA, damaging mitochondria and inducing cell apoptosis, thereby driving the progression of dry AMD. It is proposed that up-regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) can mitigate the adverse effects of Alu RNA on RPE cells, and activating Sirt1, AMPK, Nrf2, and PPAR alpha may be useful in this regard.
Review
Cell Biology
Brendon J. Gurd, Eveline Soares Menezes, Benjamin B. Arhen, Hashim Islam
Summary: The purpose of this review is to explore the impacts of augmented training volume, intensity, and duration on the activation of key signaling proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The results of the studies are inconsistent, with some supporting the effects of intensity and duration on AMPK and CaMKII activation, while others do not. The literature on PGC-1 alpha expression is also inconsistent, and a meta-analysis suggests that the small effect size and limitations in sample size and statistical power may contribute to this inconsistency.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Traci E. LaMoia, Gerald Shulman
Summary: Metformin is a commonly used first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, mainly acting through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis to lower blood glucose levels. Despite controversy over its mechanism of action, recent studies have supported a redox-dependent mechanism.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rafael C. Gaspar, Jose R. Pauli, Gerald Shulman, Vitor R. Munoz
Summary: This article discusses the thermogenic activity and energy expenditure contribution of BAT, as well as the recently discovered secretory molecules batokines from BAT that may explain the beneficial effects of BAT on glucose and fat metabolism.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Leigh Goedeke, Kelsey N. Murt, Andrea Di Francesco, Joao Paulo Camporez, Ali R. Nasiri, Yongliang Wang, Xian-Man Zhang, Gary W. Cline, Rafael de Cabo, Gerald Shulman
Summary: Mild mitochondrial uncoupling has potential as an anti-aging therapy, but chronic ingestion of uncouplers has unwanted side effects. A controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) was developed and tested in aged high-fat diet-fed mice. The results showed that CRMP reduced hepatic lipid content, improved insulin resistance, and protected against neoplastic disorders, demonstrating the potential of liver-directed mitochondrial uncouplers in promoting healthy aging.
Article
Biology
Alex Reichenbach, Rachel E. Clarke, Romana Stark, Sarah Haas Lockie, Mathieu Mequinion, Harry Dempsey, Sasha Rawlinson, Felicia Reed, Tara Sepehrizadeh, Michael DeVeer, Astrid C. Munder, Juan Nunez-Iglesias, David C. Spanswick, Randall Mynatt, Alexxai Kravitz, Christopher Dayas, Robyn Brown, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: This study found that metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons is crucial for regulating motivation for food reward by modulating dopamine release in the striatum.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kitt Falk Petersen, Sylvie Dufour, Fangyong Li, Douglas L. Rothman, Gerald Shulman
Summary: The study found that the 95th percentile of hepatic triglyceride (HTG) in lean non-Al individuals was 1.85% and HTG concentrations above this threshold were associated with insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular risk factors. Premenopausal women were protected from these changes whereas young, lean Asian Indian (AI) men and women manifested increased HTG content and associated cardiometabolic risk factors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sasha Rawlinson, Alex Reichenbach, Rachel E. Clarke, Juan Nunez-Iglesias, Harry Dempsey, Sarah H. Lockie, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: This study found that hypoglycemia and glucose deprivation inhibit the activity of VMH Vglut2 neurons, while hyperglycemia does not. This suggests that VMH Vglut2 neurons may not be the main driving factors required for initiating the counterregulatory response.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Helen J. Rushby, Zane B. Andrews, Matthew D. W. Piper, Christen K. Mirth
Summary: Modifying the proportions of macronutrients in the diet has significant effects on the reproduction and health of animals. In this study, using capillary feeding assays, we explored how adult fruit flies compromise their nutrient intake when limited to single diets. We found that young male and female flies compromised by consuming more food on diets with low protein to carbohydrate ratios. Additionally, female flies showed greater variations in carbohydrate intake compared to males, and mated females consumed more food than virgin females.
Article
Cell Biology
Brandon T. Hubbard, Traci E. LaMoia, Leigh Goedeke, Rafael C. Gaspar, Katrine D. Galsgaard, Mario Kahn, Graeme F. Mason, Gerald I. Shulman
Summary: We have developed a method (Q-Flux) to measure the absolute rates of both forward (V-SDH(F)) and reverse (V-SDH(R)) flux through SDH in vivo and to deconvolute the glucose derived from four carbon sources in the liver. Q-Flux provides a comprehensive picture of hepatic mitochondrial metabolism and can be widely used by researchers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Romana Stark, Jack Feehan, Aya Mousa, Zane B. B. Andrews, Barbora de Courten
Summary: This study identified an association between liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) levels and key cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with overweight and obesity, including body fat, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance. LEAP2 may represent a potential therapeutic target to promote insulin secretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hui-Young Lee, Hye Rim Jang, Hui Li, Varman T. Samuel, Karrie D. Dudek, Anna B. Osipovich, Mark A. Magnuson, Jeffrey Sklar, Gerald I. Shulmane
Summary: This study found that knockout of the JAZF1 gene leads to early growth retardation and late onset insulin resistance. The experiment showed that Jazf1 KO mice had reduced plasma IGF-1 concentration, shorter stature in young mice, increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass in adult mice. Additionally, adult mice also exhibited muscle insulin resistance and increased plasma GH concentration. Gene set enrichment analysis identified a decrease in hepatocyte hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) in Jazf1 KO liver.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Kaixin Huang, Laura K. Milton, Harry Dempsey, Stephen J. Power, Kyna-Anne Conn, Zane B. Andrews, Claire J. Foldi
Summary: Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with a high mortality rate. Cognitive inflexibility is associated with the disorder, but it is unclear whether it predisposes individuals to anorexia nervosa. Previous animal studies using the activity-based anorexia model have shown a link between cognitive inflexibility and pathological weight loss. However, testing flexible learning in the same animals before exposure to the activity-based anorexia model has been difficult. This study presents a fully-automated and experimenter-free touchscreen cognitive testing system for rats and examines the relationship between reversal learning and weight loss in the activity-based anorexia model. The findings provide insights into the connection between cognitive inflexibility and pathological weight loss and offer potential targets for future research on pharmacotherapies for anorexia nervosa.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Felicia Reed, Alex Reichenbach, Harry Dempsey, Rachel E. Clarke, Mathieu Mequinion, Romana Stark, Sasha Rawlinson, Claire J. Foldi, Sarah H. Lockie, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: This study reveals that hunger and the environmental context can increase food-seeking behavior, and the activity of AgRP neurons plays a crucial role in this process. Precise temporal control of AgRP neuron activity is necessary for the development of the context-induced feeding response.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wang Lok So, Jiachen Hu, Lotus Jeffs, Harry Dempsey, Sarah H. Lockie, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Romana Stark, Alex Reichenbach, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: The sensory detection of food suppresses AgRP neuronal activity, and ghrelin receptor signaling on AgRP neurons integrates energy need with external sensory cues to produce an optimal change in AgRP neural activity.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yanrui Huang, Jenny H. Zhou, Haifeng Zhang, Alberto Canfran-Duque, Abhishek K. Singh, Rachel J. Perry, Gerald Shulman, Carlos Fernandez-Hernando, Wang Min
Summary: This study investigates the impact of BAT inflammation on metabolism and thermogenesis, focusing on the deficiency of protein TRX2 in mice. The results show that BAT-specific TRX2 deficiency improves systematic metabolic performance by enhancing lipid uptake and protects against diet-induced obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. TRX2 deficiency impairs adaptive thermogenesis by suppressing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, TRX2 deficiency leads to excessive mitochondrial ROS production, disruption of mitochondrial integrity, and cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA, which activate abnormal immune responses in BAT.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Megan Whatnall, Janelle Skinner, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Adrian Carter, Robyn M. Brown, Zane B. Andrews, Chris V. Dayas, Charlotte A. Hardman, Natalie Loxton, Priya Sumithran, Tracy Burrows
Summary: The study found differences in the agreement with symptoms of addictive eating among different health professions, with psychologists, psychotherapists, and counsellors showing lower agreement to certain statements. Professionals providing advice for disordered eating also had lower agreement compared to those providing advice for overweight/obesity. However, there were minimal differences based on the population group/s that health professionals work with.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nihal A. Salem, Lawrence Manzano, Michael W. Keist, Olga Ponomareva, Amanda J. Roberts, Marisa Roberto, R. Dayne Mayfield
Summary: This study identified cell-type specific gene expression changes associated with alcohol dependence in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice. The results revealed dysregulated gene co-expression networks and differentially expressed genes in multiple cell types, highlighting the involvement of inhibitory neurons and astrocytes in alcohol dependence. Novel targets for studying molecular mechanisms contributing to alcohol dependence were also identified.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Laura E. Hawley, Megan Stringer, Abigail J. Deal, Andrew Folz, Charles R. Goodlett, Randall J. Roper
Summary: This study found that the overexpression of DYRK1A protein in Down syndrome mice varies with age, sex, and brain region, and reducing the copy number of Dyrk1a can decrease the expression of DYRK1A. These sex-specific patterns of DYRK1A overexpression may provide mechanistic targets for therapeutic intervention in Down syndrome.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2024)