Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madison Trujillo, Anupreet Kharbanda, Christa Corley, Pilar Simmons, Antino R. Allen
Summary: Breast cancer has become the most prevalent type of cancer, with chemotherapy treatments carrying substantial side effects, while tocotrienols are considered to have the potential to be an anti-cancer agent. Further research is needed to support clinical trials.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohd Saufi Harun, Tin Wui Wong, Chee Wai Fong
Summary: The study investigated a combination of nanocarrier and microwave system for delivering alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol against dermatitis without the thinning effect of steroids. By formulating vitamin E into water-rich/water-poor nanoemulsions and pre-treating the skin with precision microwave, the research found that the approach promoted therapeutic accumulation in the skin epidermis, leading to an alleviation of dermatitis without the skin thinning effect. The combination of microwave and nanotechnology offers a promising strategy for enhancing vitamin delivery and improving dermatitis treatment outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Purab Pal, Alec Millner, Svetlana E. Semina, Rosemary J. Huggins, Logan Running, Diana S. Aga, Debra A. Tonetti, Rachel Schiff, Geoffrey L. Greene, G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen, Jonna Frasor
Summary: Endocrine therapy resistance is a critical problem in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. This study investigated how alterations in sphingolipids promote cell survival in ET-resistant breast cancer. Through targeted sphingolipidomics analysis, the researchers found that tamoxifen-resistant cells have lower levels of ceramides compared to their sensitive counterparts. They also identified that CERK inhibition induces ceramide-mediated cell death in tamoxifen-resistant cells. These findings suggest that ET-resistant breast cancer cells rely on CERK activity to maintain lower ceramide levels, making CERK a potential therapeutic target.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kok-Lun Pang, Lian-Chee Foong, Norzana Abd Ghafar, Ima Nirwana Soelaiman, Jia Xian Law, Lek Mun Leong, Kok-Yong Chin
Summary: This study investigated the anticancer properties of annatto tocotrienol (AnTT), gamma-tocotrienol (gamma-T3), and delta-tocotrienol (delta-T3) on chondrosarcoma cells. The results showed that these tocotrienols induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in the cells, as well as caused cytoplasmic vacuolation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulated signaling pathways related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and transcription. Several cell proliferation and cancer-related pathways, such as Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways, were also downregulated. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these tocotrienols as adjuvant therapy for chondrosarcoma.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hui Jia, Mingyue Liu, Xinying Wang, Qiyu Jiang, Shu Wang, Ramesh Kumar Santhanam, Chongning Lv, Qingchun Zhao, Jincai Lu
Summary: The study revealed the significant inhibitory effect of Cimigenoside on breast cancer, suppressing proliferation or metastasis of breast cancer cells by targeting the Notch signaling pathway-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and EMT process.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wiebke Schloermann, Sijia Liao, Tuelin Dinc, Stefan Lorkowski, Maria Wallert, Michael Glei
Summary: This study investigates the anticancer effects of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) and its long-chain metabolites (LCM) in LT97 colon adenoma cells. While alpha-13'-OH and alpha-13'-COOH showed inhibitory potential on cell growth, alpha-TOH did not have this effect. However, all three compounds exhibited antigenotoxic and partly ROS-scavenging capacity. The results suggest that these LCM exert chemopreventive effects via their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, protect DNA, and induce cell death through caspase-independent mechanisms in premalignant colon cells.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yuanxiao Zhang, Yu Hai, Yuqing Miao, Xiao Qi, Weiming Xue, Yane Luo, Haiming Fan, Tianli Yue
Summary: The toxicity mechanism of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) was investigated to reduce risks, with higher dosage and suitable sizes of SPIONs enhancing uptake into cells and leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Smaller SPIONs tended to produce more ROS in mitochondria, damaging them, while larger SPIONs promoted ROS production in plasma to destroy cytomembrane. Different size SPIONs activated distinct cell death pathways, with ferroptosis playing a significant role in mitochondrial and cytomembrane damage. ROS levels correlated with gene expression, suggesting RNA-seq as a new method to assess oxidative stress and toxicity of nanomaterials.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ali Alamer, Daoud Ali, Saud Alarifi, Abdullah Alkahtane, Mohammed AL-Zharani, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Gadah Albasher, Rafa Almeer, Nouf K. Al-Sultan, Abdulaziz Almalik, Ali H. Alhasan, Christos Stournaras, Saquib Hasnain, Saad Alkahtani
Summary: The experiment conducted on Bi(2)O(3)NPs revealed their ability to induce oxidative stress and increase apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, leading to dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential and chromosome condensation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Aleksander Siger, Pawel Gornas
Summary: The tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles were studied in 418 plant oil samples, representing 31 families, 82 species, and 5 cross-species. Tocotrienols dominated in 15 species, while tocopherols dominated in 67 species. Gamma-T accounted for almost half (49.3%) of the total tocochromanol content, while alpha-T constituted one quarter (25.0%), and other tocochromanols were minor constituents. The presence of characteristic tocochromanol profiles in oils was related to the taxonomic plant origin. This study also demonstrated that both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous families can be rich in tocotrienols. The usefulness of statistical tools such as PCA and HCA for differentiating plant samples based on their tocochromanol profile was shown.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhimin Wu, Yazhi Li, Huajiao Qiu, Songhua Long, Xinlin Zhao, Yufu Wang, Xinbo Guo, Aliya Baitelenova, Caisheng Qiu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different flaxseed varieties, their agronomic traits, and seed quality. The study found that fiber flax variety had the highest lignan content, while oil flax variety had the highest levels of vitamins and carotenoids. The study also observed correlations between seed yield, seed type, plant height, and fiber content with seed quality.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junjun Shen, Tao Yang, Yiping Tang, Tianyi Guo, Ting Guo, Tao Hu, Feijun Luo, Qinlu Lin
Summary: delta-Tocotrienol demonstrates chemopreventive effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Gene expression analysis reveals its impact on CNE1 cells' gene regulation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tianfeng Yang, Runze Yu, Cheng Cheng, Jian Huo, Zhengyan Gong, Hanbing Cao, Yu Hu, Bingling Dai, Yanmin Zhang
Summary: This study reveals that cantharidin may be a potential candidate for TNBC treatment by downregulating EGFR through miR-607. It inhibits TNBC cell growth and induces apoptosis. Mechanistic study shows that cantharidin blocks the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Amjad Pervez, Dilshad Ahmed Khan, Sayed Tanveer Abbas Gilani, Safia Fatima, Aamir Ijaz, Sumbal Nida
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of genes for normal metabolism in the liver. Dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, the researchers investigated the changes in circulating miRNA expression in response to delta-tocotrienol (delta T3) and alpha-tocopherol (alpha TF) supplementation and their correlation with relevant biochemical markers in NAFLD patients. The results showed that both delta T3 and alpha TF significantly downregulated the expression of miRNA-122, -21, -103a-2, -421, -375, and -34a. There was also a significant correlation between miRNA expression and biochemical markers of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The researchers concluded that both delta T3 and alpha TF have hepatoprotective effects by regulating miRNAs involved in various processes in NAFLD, and delta T3 may be more effective in reducing inflammation and apoptosis-related miRNA expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Estanislao Burgos, Maria Belen De Luca, Isidore Diouf, Luis A. de Haro, Elise Albert, Christopher Sauvage, Zhao J. Tao, Luisa Bermudez, Ramon Asis, Adriano N. Nesi, Michel Matringe, Claire Brehelin, Thomas Guiraud, Carine Ferrand, Isabelle Atienza, Joana Jorly, Jean P. Mauxion, Pierre Baldet, Alisdair R. Fernie, Leandro Quadrana, Christophe Rothan, Mathilde Causse, Fernando Carrari
Summary: By studying the genetic determinants of tocochromanol accumulation in tomato fruits and genetically engineering their biosynthetic pathway, a total of 25 quantitative trait loci were identified across the genome. By bypassing specific pathway points, the engineered tomatoes showed increased tocopherols and tocotrienols content, indicating a trade-off between VTE and natural variation in chorismate metabolism.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rawan Salih, Khalid Bajou, Baraah Shaker, Abdelaziz Elgamouz
Summary: In this study, green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with Noctiluca scintillans algae extract were investigated for their effects on breast cancer cells and normal cells. The results showed that Algae-AgNPs effectively inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells, while having a weaker effect on normal cells. Furthermore, Algae-AgNPs exhibited the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and significantly reduce tumor cell migration. In vivo experiments using a breast cancer xenograft model also demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor growth with the treatment of Algae-AgNPs. These findings suggest that green synthesized AgNPs have promising potential as a safe targeted therapy for cancer treatment.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)