Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nadia Vital, Celia Ventura, Michel Kranendonk, Maria Joao Silva, Henriqueta Louro
Summary: Cellulose nanomaterials have potential applications in the food and biomedical fields, but the potential hazards of oral exposure to these materials are not well-characterized. More toxicological studies, particularly on genotoxicity and long-term effects, are needed before wider use of these materials can be promoted.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Concetta Pironti, Maria Ricciardi, Oriana Motta, Ylenia Miele, Antonio Proto, Luigi Montano
Summary: Studies on microplastics have rapidly increased due to the growing awareness of potential health risks. Microplastics can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. Research suggests significant human exposure to microplastics through various routes, prompting the need for further assessment of potential health risks.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sezin Yigit, Nadia S. Hallaj, James L. Sugarman, Lester C. Chong, Samantha E. Roman, Laith M. Abu-Taleb, Richard E. Goodman, Philip E. Johnson, Adam M. Behrens
Summary: Recent studies have shown that silk fibroin protein can extend the shelf life of foods by mitigating oxidation and dehydration. Safety evaluations on the protein found no mutagenic, genotoxic, toxicological, or allergenic concerns with oral consumption.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Folake O. Asejeje, Timilehin F. Alade, Aghogho Oyibo, Amos O. Abolaji
Summary: This study investigated the toxic effects of sodium benzoate (SB), a food preservative, on Drosophila melanogaster. The findings showed that high concentrations of SB reduced survival rate and induced toxicity through oxidative stress and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in the fruit flies.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kara D. Lewis, Michael Falk
Summary: A battery of studies showed that DHBBR has no mutagenic or clastogenic potential. The acute oral toxicity study in female rats revealed an LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg bw. The maximum tolerated dose in the 14-day dose range finding study was 120 mg/kg bw/day. The 90-day oral toxicity study concluded that the NOAEL for DHBBR is 100 mg/kg bw/day.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muideen Remilekun Gbadamosi, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, Stuart Harrad
Summary: This study provides the first comprehensive dataset on organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the UK diet, revealing that OPEs concentrations are highest in milk and milk products, followed by cereal and cereal products. Interestingly, the concentrations of OPEs in animal-derived and plant-derived foods are statistically indistinguishable. The main contributors to OPEs exposure vary among different age groups, with baby food being a major source for toddlers and non-alcoholic beverages contributing significantly to children.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Beatriz del Rio, Maria Fernandez, Begona Redruello, Victor Ladero, Miguel A. Alvarez
Summary: Biogenic amines (BA) are molecules with biological functions that can accumulate at toxic concentrations in foods. Some microorganisms have been identified as responsible for their accumulation. Histamine, tyramine, and putrescine are the most commonly found BA at highest concentrations. Ingesting food with high BA concentrations can lead to intoxication. Additionally, there is synergy between different BA, emphasizing the need for regulation to protect consumer health.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Antonio Perez-Galvez, Maria Roca
Summary: Consumers' demand for higher food quality and safety has prompted food legislative organizations to develop regulations that ensure quality and safety criteria by understanding the composition of food. This is the background for green natural food colorants and the new category of green coloring foodstuffs. Through targeted metabolomics and advanced software, we have identified and studied the comprehensive chlorophyll composition in commercial samples of these colorants. Our findings include the discovery of seven new chlorophylls and eight previously undescribed chlorophylls, providing valuable insights for the field of chlorophyll chemistry. Furthermore, we have elucidated the chemical reactions involved in the manufacturing process of green food colorants and proposed a complete pathway for the occurrence of the chlorophylls they contain.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marta Herrera, Isabel Viera, Maria Roca
Summary: By analyzing 26 commercial green foods, the true composition of the new concept of coloring food has been revealed. Using HPLC-ESI/APCI-hrTOF-MS2, the complete array of chlorophylls in regulated green food colorants, including some newly discovered ones, has been identified in foods for the first time. The coloring food alternative is achieved by mixing blue (such as spirulina) and yellow (such as safflower) hues. The research results provide authentic data on the chemical composition of these new green foods.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ying Qing, Yongzhen Li, Jiaqi Yang, Shichun Li, Kaixin Gu, Yunxia Bao, Yuhao Zhan, Kai He, Xiaoying Wang, Yanfei Li
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the concentrations of total mercury (THg) in eight food items and methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic foods, and explored the dietary exposure risks across China. The results showed that plant-based foods were the primary source of mercury exposure in the diet, while aquatic foods contained higher concentrations of methylmercury. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that approximately 6.4% and 7.0% of residents in China exceeded the health-based guidance value for dietary mercury exposure, with higher exposure risks in Southwest and South China. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of dietary mercury exposure risks in China and highlights the need for further attention to mercury exposure in the diet.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Pascal Petit
Summary: This study presents the creation of an online inventory of toxicological and exposure databases to support human health risk assessment resulting from chemical exposure. A total of 715 databases were identified and made available on TEDI, providing comprehensive information for researchers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eduardo Franco-Fuentes, Nicolas Moity, Jorge Ramirez-Gonzalez, Solange Andrade-Vera, Arturo Hardisson, Carmen Rubio, Soraya Paz, Dailos Gonzalez-Wller, Carmen Rubio, Angel J. Gutierrez
Summary: Aquatic pollution from metal presence in the Galapagos Islands may have negative impacts on biodiversity and human health. This study provides essential data on food safety in commercial fish species in the Galapagos Islands. Muscle tissue samples from different species were analyzed for metal and metalloid concentrations using ICP-OES. The results showed that none of the studied species should be consumed according to FAO regulations, and all the species exceeded the Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) for Cd according to EFSA regulations. C. affinis should not be commercialized based on EFSA guidelines. Additionally, A. solandri, P. clemensi, and H. mystacinus do not pose a health risk to humans with a Margin of Safety (MoS) < 1 for individuals weighing up to 100 kg.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Caide Huang, Xu Feng, Shizhong Yue, Li Jia, Kun Wang, Wenhao Zhou, Yuhui Qiao
Summary: This study compared the ecotoxicity of Ag nanoparticles on earthworms through different exposure methods. It found that earthworms exposed to progressively repeated exposure showed lower biomass loss, reproductive inhibition, and Ag bioaccumulation compared to those directly exposed. Additionally, the study found higher antioxidant and genetic toxicity in earthworms from direct exposure. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different gene expression patterns between the two exposure methods.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nalinrat Kongta, Kunchit Judprasong, Rodjana Chunhabundit, Jintana Sirivarasai, Weeraya Karnpanit
Summary: This study investigated the risk of aluminum exposure through the consumption of noodles in the Thai population. The results showed that aluminum contents in the noodles were below the provisional tolerable weekly intake for all age groups. However, children's exposure to aluminum calculated from high consumer models and exposure to aluminum from worst-case scenarios in all age groups exceeded the PTWI, indicating potential adverse health effects.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jeyaraj Jeyavani, Ashokkumar Sibiya, Thambusamy Stalin, Ganesan Vigneshkumar, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim, Mian Nadeem Riaz, Marimuthu Govindarajan, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
Summary: In recent years, the persistence of polypropylene microplastics in freshwater ecosystems and biota has become an ever-growing threat. This research aimed to prepare and evaluate the toxicity of polypropylene microplastics to the filter feeder Oreochromis mossambicus. The results showed that sustained exposure to microplastics had more severe toxic effects compared to acute exposure, leading to disruptions in homeostasis, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, alteration in antioxidant parameters, oxidation of lipid molecules, and denaturation of the neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase. In addition, higher levels of apoptosis, DNA damage, and histological changes were found in the liver tissues of fish exposed to microplastics for 14 days. This research highlights the detrimental effects of constant ingestion of polypropylene microplastics on freshwater environments and the resulting ecological threats.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Samuel M. Cohen, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Shoji Fukushima, Nigel J. Gooderham, F. Peter Guengerich, Stephen S. Hecht, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Maria Bastaki, Jeanne M. Davidsen, Christie L. Harman, Margaret M. McGowen, Sean Taylor
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Samuel M. Cohen, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Shoji Fukushima, Nigel J. Gooderham, F. Peter Guengerich, Stephen S. Hecht, Thomas J. Rosol, Jeanne M. Davidsen, Christie L. Harman, Ian J. Murray, Sean Taylor
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Toxicology
Sabine Guth, Stephanie Hueser, Angelika Roth, Gisela Degen, Patrick Diel, Karolina Edlund, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Karl-Heinz Engel, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Volker Heinz, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Alfonso Lampen, Angela Mally, Rosemarie Marchan, Doris Marko, Eva Muehle, Michael A. Nitsche, Elke Roehrdanz, Richard Stadler, Christoph van Thriel, Stefan Vieths, Rudi F. Vogel, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl, Ute Noethlings, Jan G. Hengstler
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Toxicology
Andrea Hartwig, Michael Arand, Bernd Epe, Sabine Guth, Gunnar Jahnke, Alfonso Lampen, Hans-Joerg Martus, Bernhard Monien, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Simone Schmitz-Spanke, Gerlinde Schriever-Schwemmer, Pablo Steinberg, Gerhard Eisenbrand
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Toxicology
Gerhard Eisenbrand
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Correction
Toxicology
Andrea Hartwig, Michael Arand, Bernd Epe, Sabine Guth, Gunnar Jahnke, Alfonso Lampen, Hans-Joerg Martus, Bernhard Monien, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Simone Schmitz-Spanke, Gerlinde Schriever-Schwemmer, Pablo Steinberg, Gerhard Eisenbrand
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nigel J. Gooderham, Samuel M. Cohen, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Shoji Fukushima, F. Peter Guengerich, Stephen S. Hecht, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Thomas J. Rosol, Jeanne M. Davidsen, Christie L. Harman, Ian J. Murray, Sean Taylor
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shoji Fukushima, Samuel M. Cohen, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Nigel J. Gooderham, F. Peter Guengerich, Stephen S. Hecht, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Thomas J. Rosol, Jeanne M. Davidsen, Christie L. Harman, Vivian Lu, Sean Taylor
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Letter
Toxicology
Andrea Hartwig, Gerhard Eisenbrand
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Correction
Toxicology
Gerhard Eisenbrand
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Toxicology
Sabine Guth, Stephanie Hueser, Angelika Roth, Gisela Degen, Patrick Diel, Karolina Edlund, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Karl-Heinz Engel, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Volker Heinz, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Alfonso Lampen, Angela Mally, Rosemarie Marchan, Doris Marko, Eva Muehle, Michael A. Nitsche, Elke Roehrdanz, Richard Stadler, Christoph van Thriel, Stefan Vieths, Rudi F. Vogel, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl, Ute Noethlings, Jan G. Hengstler
Summary: Since the 1940s, there have been ongoing discussions about the benefits and risks of adding fluoride to drinking water. A recent review focused on assessing the risk of current exposure levels in Europe to human health. Despite inconsistent data, the evidence does not support the idea that fluoride should be considered a human developmental neurotoxicant at current exposure levels in European countries.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gerhard Eisenbrand, Samuel M. Cohen, Shoji Fukushima, Nigel J. Gooderham, F. Peter Guengerich, Stephen S. Hecht, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Thomas J. Rosol, Jeanne M. Davidsen, Christie L. Harman, Sean Taylor
Summary: This study summarized the safety re-evaluation of eight natural flavor complexes characterized by significant amounts of eucalyptol and/or other cyclic ethers. Through chemical characterization and organization of congeneric groups, the safety of these complexes under their intended use was successfully evaluated and confirmed as generally recognized as safe.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Samuel M. Cohen, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Shoji Fukushima, Nigel J. Gooderham, F. Peter Guengerich, Stephen S. Hecht, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Thomas J. Rosol, Jeanne M. Davidsen, Christie L. Harman, Vivian Lu, Sean Taylor
Summary: In 2015, the FEMA Expert Panel initiated a re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 NFCs, with seven NFCs dominated by phenolic derivatives affirmed as generally recognized as safe under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yax Thakkar, Holger Moustakas, Anne Marie Api, Benjamin Smith, Gary Williams, Helmut Greim, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Wolfgang Dekant
Summary: Mintlactone, a fragrance and flavor ingredient used in various products, shows conflicting results in genotoxicity tests. While positive results were observed in some tests, negative results were found in others, indicating uncertainty about its safety for use as a fragrance ingredient.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Environmental Sciences
K. L. Witt, G. Chen, T. Cheairs, G. Eisenbrand, J. T. MacGregor, N. Mei, I. M. C. M. Rietjens, S. L. Smith-Roe, H. Stopper, Y. Thakkar, J. van Benthem, D. Xi, E. Zeiger, S. Pfuhler
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
(2021)
