Review
Oncology
Yunjia Li, Jing Jin, Yi Wang
Summary: SIRT6, a member of the Sir2-like family, has been characterized with deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and mono-ADP-ribosylation activities, showing important regulatory roles in aging, cancer, and immunity. Its critical role in regulating immune cells makes it a potential therapeutic target for diseases.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Michael Karin, Shabnam Shalapour
Summary: Chronic inflammation promotes tumor development and treatment resistance, while the antagonism between inflammation and immunity, as well as cancer cells' ability to evade immune detection, affect cancer development and treatment outcomes.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Carmen Picon, Amalia Tejeda-Velarde, Jose Ignacio Fernandez-Velasco, Manuel Comabella, Roberto Alvarez-Lafuente, Ester Quintana, Susana Sainz de la Maza, Enric Monreal, Noelia Villarrubia, Jose Carlos Alvarez-Cermeno, Maria Inmaculada Dominguez-Mozo, Lluis Ramio-Torrenta, Eulalia Rodriguez-Martin, Ernesto Roldan, Yolanda Aladro, Silvia Medina, Mercedes Espino, Jaime Masjuan, Clara Matute-Blanch, Marta Munoz-San Martin, Carmen Espejo, Carmen Guaza, Alfonso Muriel, Lucienne Costa-Frossard, Luisa Maria Villar
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergo an early immunosenescence process with age, impacting treatment response and infection risks. Lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) in MS patients may modify the immunological profile influenced by age. Additionally, age leads to changes in CSF levels of various molecules and cellular subsets, affecting disability in MS patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Geonildo Rodrigo Disner, Monica Lopes-Ferreira, Carla Lima
Summary: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays key roles in the immune system, inflammatory response, tumorigenesis, and cellular differentiation through regulation of miRNA and epigenetic mechanisms. Studies have revealed the potential of AhR-activated miRNAs as valuable biomarkers for diseases, including cancer progression, immune modulation, and chemical exposure effects. The findings suggest the importance of AhR-dependent gene expression on ligand specificity, cell type, and context singularity, providing insights for new trends and opportunities in the field.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Bastian Robinson Baarz, Lothar Rink
Summary: Nowadays, aging is recognized as a complex and dynamic process that affects almost all organs and cells in the human body. The immune system is particularly vulnerable to aging, and maintaining its integrity is crucial for preventing age-related diseases. Micronutrient intervention, especially adequate intake of the trace element zinc, has been identified as a potential strategy to slow immune aging. However, zinc deficiency is common among the elderly and can lead to increased susceptibility to infections and reduced immune response.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Pedro S. Marra, Takehiko Yamanashi, Kaitlyn J. Crutchley, Nadia E. Wahba, Zoe-Ella M. Anderson, Manisha Modukuri, Gloria Chang, Tammy Tran, Masaaki Iwata, Hyunkeun Ryan Cho, Gen Shinozaki
Summary: This study analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation data from diabetic patients and found that metformin may prolong lifespan through epigenetic modifications and other mechanisms, such as AMPK and inflammatory pathways.
Review
Immunology
Hunter Bennett, Ty D. Troutman, Mashito Sakai, Christopher K. Glass
Summary: Kupffer cells are the resident macrophages of the liver, playing important roles in responses to tissue damage and specialized activities such as iron scavenging. Recent studies have focused on the epigenetic pathways that establish Kupffer cell identity and function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emily Ho, Carmen P. Wong, Janet C. King
Summary: Dr. Bruce Ames pioneered the understanding of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the connection between micronutrient deficiencies and DNA damage. Zinc is essential for human health, playing a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, DNA integrity, and immune function. Studies have shown that zinc deficiency is associated with oxidative stress, susceptibility to DNA damage, and chronic inflammation, emphasizing the importance of adequate nutrition for healthy aging.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ahto Salumets, Liina Tserel, Anna P. Rumm, Lehte Turk, Kulli Kingo, Kai Saks, Astrid Oras, Raivo Uibo, Riin Tamm, Hedi Peterson, Kai Kisand, Part Peterson
Summary: Age-related changes in T-cell populations play an important role in immunosenescence. CD8(+) TEMRA cells and their subsets have characteristics of cellular senescence and increase in older individuals and age-related chronic inflammatory diseases. CD8(+) TEMRA proportions correlate with cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody levels but not with chronological age. TRANCE/RANKL levels are associated with differentiated T-cell populations, including CD8(+) TEMRA and its CD28(-) subsets. Deep-amplicon bisulfite sequencing can be used to predict CD8(+) TEMRA cell proportions as a biomarker of immunosenescence.
Review
Immunology
Cristina Municio, Gabriel Criado
Summary: Trained immunity refers to immunological memory developed in innate immune cells, leading to an enhanced inflammatory response. This process involves rewiring cell metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming. Unrestrained activation may contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue destruction.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philip C. Calder, Edwin Frank Ortega, Simin N. Meydani, Yuriko Adkins, Charles B. Stephensen, Brice Thompson, Heather Zwickey
Summary: This article integrates current knowledge on the impacts of aging, nutrition, and the gut microbiota on the immune system and comprehensively reviews the influence of specific micronutrients and probiotics/prebiotics on immunity, inflammation, and infection, with a focus on older individuals. The findings suggest that micronutrients and strategies to modify the gut microbiota may play a role in protecting older individuals against infections, particularly respiratory ones, but the evidence is inconsistent and further research is needed.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iskra Araujo, Amy Henriksen, Joshua Gamsby, Danielle Gulick
Summary: This article discusses the potential role of alcohol in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in the development of dementias, ataxias, and Niemann-Pick disease. While there is evidence supporting the role of alcohol abuse in the etiology of these diseases, more research is needed to identify the primary mechanisms of alcohol's effects.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Andres Gamez-Garcia, Berta N. Vazquez
Summary: Aging leads to changes in the immune system, affecting immune cell populations, inflammation, and immune response capabilities. Sirtuins play a crucial role in cellular differentiation, gene regulation, and immune responses in the aging immune system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luis Fernando Mendez-Lopez
Summary: The paper presents a hypothesis on the origin of carcinomas, suggesting that cellular aging and inflammation enable the recovery of cellular plasticity, potentially resulting in cancer. The author critically reviews molecular, cellular, and histopathological evidence to propose possible mechanisms for the origin and progression of carcinomas. The hypothesis also discusses its implications for cancer treatment strategies and proposes a potential mechanism for restraining dedifferentiation and malignant behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Felix R. R. Jimenez-Rondan, Courtney H. H. Ruggiero, Robert J. J. Cousins
Summary: This study demonstrates that the specific deletion of Zip14 in enterocytes leads to changes in the expression of specific genes, including H19, Meg3, and U90926, and enhances the binding of proinflammatory transcription factors NF-kappa beta and STAT3.
