Review
Food Science & Technology
Maria Laura Werning, Annel M. Hernandez-Alcantara, Maria Julia Ruiz, Lorena Paola Soto, Maria Teresa Duenas, Paloma Lopez, Laureano Sebastian Frizzo
Summary: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have diverse technological properties and health-promoting benefits. LAB, especially those producing EPS, are used as probiotics to improve human health and prevent/treat specific diseases. They also play a role in promoting growth and inhibiting pathogens in food-producing animal husbandry. This review discusses the characteristics, usage, biological role, and potential contributions of LAB-produced EPS in improving productivity, animal health, and public health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Liu, Shuyu Guo, Xing Chen, Shuhui Yang, Xi Deng, Mingxia Tu, Yufei Tao, Wenliang Xiang, Yu Rao
Summary: This study found that biofilm probiotics have better performance in immune modulation and microbiota composition, and are more active in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Through the production of various metabolites, they may impact the host's intestinal microbiome and immune activity.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Carine N. Almada-Erix, Caroline N. Almada, Geany T. Souza Pedrosa, Philipe dos Santos, Marcio Schmiele, Maria Teresa P. S. Clerici, Julian Martinez, Pablo C. Lollo, Marciane Magnani, Anderson S. Sant'Ana
Summary: This study evaluated the resistance of eight Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties to various unit operations in different food matrices. Most unit operations resulted in less than or equal to 2 decimal reductions of the probiotic bacteria, while irradiation caused up to 4.9 decimal reductions. Some Bacillus strains showed higher resistance to the tested unit operations.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biology
Chao Ran, Yu Li, Xufa Ma, Yadong Xie, Mingxu Xie, Yuting Zhang, Wei Zhou, Yalin Yang, Zhen Zhang, Li Zhou, Kaijian Wei, Zhigang Zhou
Summary: The interaction between commensal bacteria and viral infection in farmed animals shows potential for providing new antiviral strategies, with commensal bacteria achieving antiviral effects through activation of host immune responses. Further research in this field is needed to deepen our understanding and develop novel treatments for viral diseases in farmed animals.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Serek, Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak
Summary: The intestinal barrier, composed of cells, mucus, and microbiota, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Disturbances in its tightness can lead to a range of issues, including systemic infections and autoimmune diseases. Zonulin, a protein found in epithelial cells, plays a key regulatory role.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rachael G. Horne, Stephen B. Freedman, Kathene C. Johnson-Henry, Xiao-Li Pang, Bonita E. Lee, Ken J. Farion, Serge Gouin, Suzanne Schuh, Naveen Poonai, Katrina F. Hurley, Yaron Finkelstein, Jianling Xie, Sarah Williamson-Urquhart, Linda Chui, Laura Rossi, Michael G. Surette, Philip M. Sherman
Summary: The compositional analysis of the intestinal microbiome in pre-schoolers is not well studied. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota in children under 4-years-old with acute gastroenteritis. It was found that bacterial infection and participant age had the largest effects on microbiota composition, microbial diversity, and deduced bacterial functions. The advancement in age was associated with differences in gut microbiota composition and deduced microbial functions which may impact health later in life.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jiajun Yang, Shunyi Qin, Hao Zhang
Summary: Abundant microbiota in the body have a reciprocal relationship with the host, and targeted probiotic selection can improve supplementation effects for digestive diseases. Understanding core bacteria is crucial for selecting probiotic strains, and metagenomics can aid in treating dysbiosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Enzo Spisni, Silvia Turroni, Patrizia Alvisi, Renato Spigarelli, Demetrio Azzinnari, Dario Ayala, Veronica Imbesi, Maria Chiara Valerii
Summary: There is increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry regarding the human intestinal microbiota due to its association with non-communicable diseases. While probiotics and prebiotics have been explored for modulating the gut microbiota, this review highlights other potential interventions such as postbiotics, essential oils, fungus, and officinal plants. Further research, especially clinical studies using fungus, officinal and aromatic plants or their extracts, is necessary to fully understand and harness the potential of these interventions in modulating the intestinal microbiota for improved pharmacological therapy of non-communicable diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yala Stevens, Iris Pinheiro, Bouke Salden, Cindy Duysburgh, Selin Bolca, Jeroen Degroote, Maryam Majdeddin, Noemie Van Noten, Beatrice Gleize, Catherine Caris-Veyrat, Joris Michiels, Daisy Jonkers, Freddy Troost, Sam Possemiers, Ad Masclee
Summary: The study found that the carotenoid-producing Bacillus indicus strain PD01 can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract, accumulate carotenoids in the body, and improve compromised intestinal barrier function.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jiayan Jiang, Ke Li, Yuanliang Wang, Zhongqin Wu, Huiqin Ma, Shilin Zheng, Zongjun Li
Summary: This study isolated and identified 104 strains of LAB from traditionally fermented vegetables, fresh milk, healthy infant feces, and other environments. The strains were evaluated for their antibacterial properties, acid and bile salts resistance, digestive enzymes resistance, and adhesion ability. Three LAB strains with good comprehensive performance were obtained, which exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, good acid resistance, and adhesion ability. These strains met the required characteristics and safety evaluation criteria for potential probiotics.
Article
Immunology
Hua Zha, Qian Li, Kevin Chang, Jiafeng Xia, Shengjie Li, Ruiqi Tang, Lanjuan Li
Summary: Multiple probiotics have protective effects against different types of liver injury, and intestinal microbes may be associated with the immune improvement effect of probiotics in the treated cohorts. The composition of bacterial and fungal microbiome differs in rats with different cytokine profiles. Certain microbes are associated with specific cytokine profiles and have a significant influence on the immunity improvement effect of probiotics. These identified intestinal microbes could potentially serve as microbial biomarkers for assessing the immune status of probiotics-treated cohorts.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ying Li, Ziye Yin, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jinghan Liu, Yuliang Cheng, Jiahua Wang, Fuwei Pi, Yinzhi Zhang, Xiulan Sun
Summary: In recent years, probiotics have gained increasing attention as health-promoting supplements in various food systems. This review focuses on the selection strategies of functional microbes for micronutrient supplement and their impact on human health. The paper also summarizes the confirmed strains as micronutrient supplements or producers. Additionally, the article reviews the widely recognized health effects of probiotics and provides basic recommendations for dietitians to better serve consumers.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tiehu Sun, Huabiao Miao, Chengbo Zhang, Yongsheng Wang, Shuai Liu, Peng Jiao, Wei Li, Yong Li, Zunxi Huang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. The results showed that Bacillus coagulans improved the feed to gain ratio and average daily weight gain, and reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Furthermore, Bacillus coagulans increased the diversity of intestinal bacteria in weaned piglets.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Liya Mei, Ying Chen, Jialiang Wang, Jian Lu, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang, Wei Chen
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effect of different strains of Lactobacillus fermentum on IgA secretion from intestinal mucosa, and found that different strains have different stimulating effects. Additionally, it was speculated that different strains may stimulate IgA production through non-inflammatory pathways.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yong-guo Zhang, Mackenzie E. Malo, Tanya Tschirhart, Yinglin Xia, Zheng Wang, Ekaterina Dadachova, Jun Sun
Summary: The study examined the safety of using soluble melanin and melanin-producing bacteria for preventing radiation-induced injury. Mice were administered with soluble allomelanin and melanized E. coli Nissle to observe their effects on intestinal physiology and body weight. The results showed that melanized bacteria demonstrated strong colonization ability in the intestine, without causing significant changes in body weight or inflammation. These findings provide support for using melanin and melanized bacteria to treat radiation-induced injuries and restore gut dysbiosis.