Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Estefania del Horno, Jesus Jover, Miguel Mena, Adrian Perez-Redondo, Carlos Yelamos
Summary: Low-valent titanium species were prepared by reacting [TiCp*X-3] with LiEH4 or BH3(thf), and their structures were elucidated using experimental and theoretical methods. The compounds can be described as either titanium(II) or titanium(III) species, with specific molecular structures and interactions between the Ti-Ti bond and the Al atoms.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shichao Wu, Zhengyao Li, Tichang Sun, Shixian Lu, Zhanmin Cao
Summary: This study investigates the preconcentration-reduction roasting and magnetic separation process for low-titanium beach titanomagnetite and optimizes the operating conditions. The results show that high-quality direct reduction iron and titanium concentrate can be obtained under optimal conditions, with high metal recovery rates.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jiankang Wang, Hanxiao Meng, Lei Zhang, Kelang Jin, Hao Zhou
Summary: Using Brown gas as a clean fuel for sintering can reduce coke consumption and carbon emissions. The injection of Brown gas improves the combustion efficiency and thermal mode of the sintering bed. An optimal fuel ratio is achieved with a 2% injection concentration, reducing coke consumption and carbon emissions by 11.1%.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qian Liu, Ying-jie Zhao, Yi Huang, Feng Pei, Yang Cui, Li-juan Shi, Li-ping Chang, Qun Yi
Summary: The study proposes a new approach for the application of low-rank coal, known as the Coal-Coke-Hydrogen-Iron (CCHI) system. It combines low-rank coal pyrolysis with gasification to produce hydrogen-rich gas for direct reduced iron (DRI) production. By utilizing pyrolysis gas and gasification gas, the system successfully addresses the issues of overcapacity in the coking industry and high carbon emissions in the steel industry. The optimized CCHI-WTC system achieves significant reductions in energy consumption, exergy loss, and greenhouse gas emissions compared to the traditional Coking-Blast furnace ironmaking process.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sai Meng, Kexin Jiao, Jianliang Zhang, Cui Wang, Lei Zhang, Ziyu Guo, Zhixin Xiao
Summary: In this study, the distribution characteristics of coke in a 2200m3 blast furnace were analyzed and the utilization ratio of coke in the hearth was determined. Factors that affect coke utilization, such as the presence of CaS and S, K elements, and the influence of ore phase and alkali metal salt, were also discovered.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Layimar Cegarra, Pabla Aguirre, Marco T. Nunez, Ziomara P. Gerdtzen, J. Cristian Salgado
Summary: Extracellular calcium inhibits the iron uptake of Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner through a noncompetitive mechanism. Intracellular calcium does not affect iron uptake, indicating that the inhibitory effect of calcium is not exerted through intracellular calcium signaling. A mathematical model accurately predicts the inhibitory effect of calcium on iron transport.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yizhuang Wang, Bingbing Liu, Hu Sun, Yanfang Huang, Guihong Han
Summary: This study proposed a two-step process, including selective precipitation flotation and reduction-hydrolyzation, to separate and recover Fe, Al, and Ti from red mud leachate. The flotation separation successfully separated Fe and Ti, while achieving the first separation of Al. The reduction-hydrolyzation method further separated Ti and Fe. The comprehensive recoveries were 94.1% for Fe, 99.7% for Ti, and 96.7% for Al.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Correction
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Annadurai Dhinakar, Po-Yu Lu, Jhewn-Kuang Chen, Nai-Kuang Tang
Summary: The error in transposing Annadurai Dhinakar's first and last names has been corrected in the original article.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kai Zhu, Zhuming Chen, Shuixin Ye, Shuhua Geng, Yuwen Zhang, Xionggang Lu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the application of iron coke in hydrogen-rich blast furnace and studied its initial gasification temperature and co-gasification reaction mechanism with coke. The results showed that the initial gasification temperature of iron coke decreased with the increase in the iron ore powder content. Iron coke with iron ore powder addition exhibited higher reactivity and could protect the skeleton function of coke during co-gasification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Agung Nugroho, Eduardus Budi Nursanto, Sylvia Ayu Pradanawati, Haryo Satriya Oktaviano, Hanida Nilasary, Hartoto Nursukatmo
Summary: Graphitic carbon materials are synthesized by mixing petroleum coke with Fe-based catalysts and annealing at 1300 degrees C under N-2 atmosphere. Iron or iron oxide catalyst leads to similar graphitic structure formation during heat treatment, with iron oxide catalyst resulting in ordered graphitic structure. Iron-based catalyst decreases turbostratic peak and leads to higher ordered graphite peak. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) show similar morphology structure of graphite powder synthesized using iron or iron oxide. Full cell testing using NMC-622 cathode demonstrates good electrochemical properties of the synthesized sample, comparable to commercial graphite.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shrey Agrawal, Nikhil Dhawan
Summary: This study focuses on the hydrogen reduction of red mud and subsequent acid leaching to recover valuable elements. The results show that reduction at 450°C for 30 minutes yields 10% metallization of magnetite, while increasing the temperature to 900°C results in 97% metallization of metallic iron. The hydrogen-reduced products at 900°C can be used for efficient extraction of iron, gallium, and scandium. Rating: 8/10
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xiaohui Li, Jue Kou, Tichang Sun, Xiaoshaung Guo, Yuechao Tian
Summary: The study found that lignite provided better reduction effect in direct reduction compared to other coals or coke due to its superior gasification reactivity. Additionally, lignite, coke, or anthracite promoted the growth of metallic iron and calcium titanate particles better than bituminous coal, but the use of coke or anthracite may result in lower purity calcium titanate. Furthermore, these reductants caused a large amount of FeS around metallic iron particles, hindering the further reduction of iron.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arseniy Bokov, Anna Shelyug, Alexey Kurlov
Summary: The study demonstrates that TiCxOy ceramics and TiCxOy-Fe cermets can be produced from nanostructured powders of TiC and TiC-Fe2O3. Ball-milled TiC contains a significant amount of oxygen impurities, which are accommodated by the oxycarbide phase. Upon heating, oxycarbide partially decomposes, releasing CO and promoting the reduction of Fe2O3 to a mixture of Fe3O4/Fe. Fe3O4 is converted to pure iron through the oxidation of TiC in the 550-700 degrees C range, leading to an increase in oxygen content in TiCxOy and the segregation of Ti4O7. At higher temperatures, titanium oxide and oxycarbide phases continue to release CO, while Fe-based alloys melt at about 1400-1450 degrees C and aid in densification. Sintered samples exhibit a metallic binder content ranging from 0-24 vol%, grain size of 0.8-1.4 μm, hardness of 7-18 GPa, and toughness of 4-8 MPa·m(1/2).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Anastasios G. Gavras, Anthony G. Spangenberger, Diana A. Lados
Summary: A study was conducted on the long and small fatigue crack growth mechanisms of various light structural aluminum and titanium alloys, leading to the development of a predictive model for microstructurally controlled small fatigue crack growth behavior, which agrees well with experimental data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuxiao Xue, Deqing Zhu, Jian Pan, Gen Li, Xuewei Lv
Summary: Through proper proportioning of different types of limonitic nickel laterite and the use of sintering strengthening technology, the sinter indices of Ni-containing sinter are greatly improved. After optimization, the tumble index and productivity of Ni-containing sinter are increased by 27.17% and 20.62% respectively, while the solid fuel rate is reduced by 27.63% compared to the base case. The appropriate proportioning and multi-force field strengthening technology contribute to the densification of the sinter layer and extension of holding time, resulting in reduced sinter porosity and increased SFCA amount, leading to better quality Ni-containing sinter.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Vikas R. Patil, Fabio Kiener, Adrian Grylka, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: The study investigated the design and testing of a 5 kW solar cavity-receiver with a reticulated porous ceramic structure for high-temperature heat conversion. Experimental results showed that different RPC materials, pore sizes, solar concentration ratios, and air flow rates influenced thermal efficiency and air outlet temperature, with silicon-infused silicon carbide demonstrating the highest efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
B. Bulfin, S. Ackermann, P. Furler, A. Steinfeld
Summary: This article discusses the large-scale thermochemical methane reforming to syngas technology and compares two reforming routes utilizing solar energy and conventional fuel as heat sources, namely redox reforming and catalytic reforming. The analysis highlights that the redox cycle approach could produce a higher quality syngas, but at the expense of additional thermodynamic constraints, which are sensitive to carbon formation, and also lead to a greater energy demand relative to catalytic reforming.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Brendan Bulfin, Miguel Miranda, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: The article discusses how concentrated solar energy can be used to drive chemical processes to convert solar radiation into chemical energy, particularly for fuel production. It proposes dimensionless performance indicators based on mass and energy balances and provides reporting guidelines for these processes and reactors, as well as suggestions for performance benchmarking.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
B. Bulfin, L. Buttsworth, A. Lidor, A. Steinfeld
Summary: A combination of PSA with a downstream redox chemical looping cycle is proposed for removing trace oxygen from atmospheric air to produce high-purity nitrogen. The nonstoichiometric perovskite SrFeO3-delta is selected for its favorable thermodynamics, rapid oxidation kinetics, and intermediate reduction temperatures. The long term stability of the material was demonstrated over 250 redox cycles via thermogravimetry.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
L. Brinkman, B. Bulfin, A. Steinfeld
Summary: This study analyzed the technical performance of a cyclic reduction and oxidation process of metal oxides as a hydrogen storage route, with iron oxide selected as the most promising candidate. A thermodynamic model was developed to determine favorable process temperatures and the energy demand for storage was calculated to be 27% of the lower heating value of hydrogen. Compared to other hydrogen storage methods, the iron-based storage shows drawbacks for on-board mobile applications but potential advantages for large-scale and long-term storage applications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Remo Schappi, David Rutz, Fabian Dahler, Alexander Muroyama, Philipp Haueter, Johan Lilliestam, Anthony Patt, Philipp Furler, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: This article discusses the potential of using solar-driven thermochemical processes to produce carbon-neutral transportation fuels by capturing H2O and CO2 from the atmosphere. This method can be effectively implemented in desert regions and has been tested on a pilot scale.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wanxia Zhao, Jan Marti, Aldo Steinfeld, Zeyad T. Alwahabi
Summary: The study investigated the optical properties and scattering behavior of thermographic phosphors using an experimental and numerical analysis approach, comparing the scattering performance of ZnO:Zn and BAM phosphors. It was found that BAM exhibited more significant scattering effects, and smaller particle sizes promoted higher scattering efficiency.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Samantha Reig, Terrence Fong, Jodi Forlizzi, Aaron Steinfeld
Summary: With the integration of computing technology into various settings, scholars in human-computer interaction have started to explore the implications of smart environments. Previous research often focused on smart homes, examining user values, interaction methods, stakeholder needs, and user trust. However, future smart environments will not be limited to homes and will require a systemic, user experience design-oriented approach. This survey article reviews prior research and proposes research directions for smart environments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Wild, Lorenz Luond, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: This study presents a modular, high-temperature thermochemical energy storage system based on reversible gas-solid reactions, demonstrating good cycling stability and high energy storage capacities. The experimental results showed promising performance of the reactor prototype with specified gravimetric and volumetric heat storage capacities.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stefan Zoller, Erik Koepf, Dustin Nizamian, Marco Stephan, Adriano Patane, Philipp Haueter, Manuel Romero, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, Dick Lieftink, Ellart de Wit, Stefan Brendelberger, Andreas Sizmann, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: This article reports on an experimental demonstration of producing kerosene from H2O and CO2 using concentrated solar energy, with a setup relevant to industrial implementation. This is a significant milestone towards the production of sustainable aviation fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alon Lidor, Yves Aschwanden, Jamina Haseli, Pit Reckinger, Philipp Haueter, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: The solar splitting of H2O and CO2 through a thermochemical redox cycle is a viable way to produce sustainable fuels for transportation. The ability to recover and reuse heat during the process is crucial for achieving high solar-to-fuel energy efficiency.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
S. Capstick, B. Bulfin, J. M. Naik, M. Gigantino, A. Steinfeld
Summary: A redox chemical looping process using a non-stoichiometric perovskite oxide Sr0.8Ca0.2FeO3-δ was investigated as an add-on deoxygenation unit for the production of high-purity nitrogen from air. The material exhibited fast kinetics and a greater oxygen capacity compared to state-of-the-art SrFeO3. Experimental testing and modeling were conducted to validate the performance and scalability of the technology, showing good performance and lower energy demand compared to existing nitrogen production technologies. This technology has the potential to significantly expand the usable oxygen impurity range for nitrogen production using pressure swing adsorption systems.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
B. Bulfin, M. Zuber, O. Graub, A. Steinfeld
Summary: Chemical reactions can have thermodynamic limits on species conversion, leading to negative impacts on process design. Unconverted feedstock often needs to be separated and recycled, which increases energy demand, process complexity, and cost. Countercurrent reactor systems, similar to heat exchangers, can improve the thermodynamic limits and conversion of species. This work introduces a countercurrent redox reactor system, called a regenerative reactor, which utilizes the unique properties of non-stoichiometric oxides in a packed-bed chemical-looping reactor to store favorable oxygen potential inclines. The concept is demonstrated and validated for the reverse water-gas shift reaction, a critical step in synthetic e-fuel processing, achieving a CO2-to-CO molar conversion of 88%, compared to a thermodynamic limit of 58% for the conventional process at the same conditions. Modelling results suggest that this method can approximately double the ideal thermodynamic conversion.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian Sas Brunser, Fabio L. Bargardi, Rafael Libanori, Noemi Kaufmann, Hugo Braun, Aldo Steinfeld, Andre R. Studart
Summary: Fuel produced from CO2 and H2O using solar energy can contribute to making aviation more sustainable. A study presents the design and 3D-print of hierarchically channeled structures to enable volumetric radiative absorption of ceria, improving the solar-to-fuel energy efficiency. The channeled structures achieve a higher and more uniform temperature profile, doubling the volume-specific fuel yield for the same solar flux input.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mario Zuber, Moritz Patriarca, Simon Ackermann, Philipp Furler, Ricardo Conceicao, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, Manuel Romero, Aldo Steinfeld
Summary: The study discusses the use of drop-in fuels made with solar energy for sustainable transportation, particularly in the long-haul aviation industry heavily dependent on jet fuel. The researchers experimentally test a solar reactor that utilizes concentrated solar energy to produce syngas, a precursor for the synthesis of kerosene and other liquid hydrocarbon fuels. They find that the solar-driven redox reforming process yields a peak CH4 molar conversion of 70% and a peak H2 selectivity of 68%, with a solar-to-fuel energy efficiency of 27%, making it a promising option for sustainable transportation.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)