Review
Immunology
Caroline M. Weight, Simon P. Jochems, Hugh Adler, Daniela M. Ferreira, Jeremy S. Brown, Robert S. Heyderman
Summary: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is common in humans, especially in older individuals. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have had some success in protecting young children and indirectly older people through herd immunity, but serotype replacement is still a concern. Older individuals often experience chronic inflammation, known as 'Inflammageing', which may increase mortality risk and affect the outcome of pneumococcal infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Alexandra Tikhomirova, Erin B. Brazel, Kimberley T. McLean, Hannah N. Agnew, James C. Paton, Claudia Trappetti
Summary: The LuxS protein is required for the production of AI-2 in Streptococcus pneumoniae, which regulates cellular processes and adherence to host epithelial cells. In the context of S. pneumoniae causing otitis media, luxS plays an important role.
Article
Microbiology
Cristina Gavrilovici, Elena-Lia Spoiala, Ingrith-Crenguta Miron, Iuliana Magdalena Starcea, Codruta Olimpiada Iliescu Halitchi, Irina Nicoleta Zetu, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Carmen Panzaru
Summary: Acute otitis media (AOM) remains a major reason for antibiotic use in children, despite the availability of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A study conducted in a pediatric emergency hospital in Romania found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common bacteria associated with AOM. Alarmingly, a high proportion of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were resistant to multiple drugs. This highlights the importance of addressing antimicrobial resistance to minimize the negative impact on healthcare costs.
Article
Immunology
Chinh C. Ngo, Helen M. Massa, Brent A. McMonagle, Christopher F. Perry, Michael D. Nissen, Theo P. Sloots, Ruth B. Thornton, Allan W. Cripps
Summary: This study identified Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and rhinovirus as the predominant bacteria and viruses in the upper respiratory tract of children in South-East Queensland, Australia, with and without a clinical history of otitis media. The presence of bacterial otopathogens within the middle ear was found to be more predictive of concurrent upper respiratory tract infection than viruses. The study also confirmed the complex polymicrobial environment within adenoid tissues in children, regardless of otitis media history.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ravinder Kaur, Minh Pham, Karl O. A. Yu, Michael E. Pichichero
Summary: The study found that antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children improved initially after the introduction of PCV13, but began to decrease from 2013 onwards due to the emergence of new serotypes not included in PCV13. These new strains exhibit reduced susceptibility to multiple commonly used antibiotics, compared to the pre-PCV13 era.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Martina Janouskova, Megan Laura Straw, Yu-Ching Su, Kristian Riesbeck
Summary: This review discusses the multifaceted gene regulation mechanisms employed by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis during middle ear infection. Through phase variation- and quorum sensing-dependent gene regulation, these pathogens control their virulence phenotypes for survival and host adaptation. Understanding the gene expression regulation mechanisms during the onset of OM may lead to the development of new antimicrobial agents to combat antimicrobial resistance.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Eliza Gil, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Jeremy S. Brown
Summary: Innate and adaptive immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is dependent on the complement system. The activation of the complement system by S. pneumoniae is crucial for host defense against infection. The complement system can be activated through different mechanisms, leading to the clearance of the pathogen and protection against invasive infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Courtney E. Comar, Clayton J. Otter, Jessica Pfannenstiel, Ethan Doerger, David M. Renner, Li Hui Tan, Stanley Perlman, Noam A. Cohen, Anthony R. Fehr, Susan R. Weiss
Summary: MERS-CoV optimizes its replication by suppressing early innate immune pathways, including interferon production and signaling, through the actions of endoribonuclease (EndoU) and accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Courtney D. Thompson, Jessica L. Bradshaw, Wesley S. Miller, Ana G. Jop Vidal, Jorge E. Vidal, Jason W. Rosch, Larry S. McDaniel, Lance E. Keller
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause various diseases, but the emergence of nonencapsulated strains poses challenges to vaccination. The AliC and AliD proteins regulate gene expression in pneumococcus, protecting it from complement-mediated clearance by reducing CRP binding.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gabriel Carrasquilla, Alexandra Porras-Ramirez, Sandra Martinez, Rodrigo DeAntonio, Raghavendra Devadiga, Carla Talarico, Diana C. Caceres, Maria M. Castrejon, Patricia Juliao
Summary: After the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Colombia, overall reductions in disease outcomes were observed in most cities and nationwide. However, in some cities, there was an increase in the incidence of otitis media despite the decrease in pneumonia incidence.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alessandra Lochen, James E. Truscott, Nicholas J. Croucher
Summary: The study describes Bayesian models for analyzing opportunistic pathogens, estimating progression rates of different pathogen strains to understand the risk of causing disease and identify potential high-risk strains. This is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions and identifying new highly invasive variants.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Sara Torretta, Pasquale Capaccio, Ilaria Coro, Samantha Bosis, Maria Elisabetta Pace, Pietro Tosi, Lorenzo Pignataro, Paola Marchisio
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy, otitis-prone children in Milan showed significant clinical improvement, with a decrease in acute otitis media episodes, otorrhea episodes, and antibiotic treatments when compared to the same period in 2019. Telemedicine assessment played a crucial role in maintaining patient care during the lockdown and led to unexpected positive outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cuneyt M. Alper, Miriam Teixeira, Ellen Mandel, J. Douglas Swarts
Summary: The objective of this study was to develop a diagnostic approach for differentiating the different types of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and guiding clinicians in selecting targeted treatments. The examination and testing results were analyzed to categorize the different types of ETD. A systematic approach of examination and testing can determine the underlying mechanisms of specific ETD types and provide targeted treatment guidance.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Gowrisankar Rajam, Kate L. Hicks, Joseph M. Antonello, Yuhua Zhang, Sarah Irey, Julia Kelly, Stephanie Cooper, Leonard J. Rubinstein
Summary: In this study, an innovative multiplex immuno-molecular assay was developed and validated to screen and detect 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) vaccine serotypes in acute otitis media (AOM) clinical samples. The assay involved two-step testing using PCR and immunological methods. The results demonstrated the feasibility of combining molecular and immunological assays for diagnosing AOM caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Remi Porte, Rita Silva-Gomes, Charlotte Theroude, Raffaella Parente, Fatemeh Asgari, Marina Sironi, Fabio Pasqualini, Sonia Valentino, Rosanna Asselta, Camilla Recordati, Marta Noemi Monari, Andrea Doni, Antonio Inforzato, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego, Ignacio Obando, Elena Colino, Barbara Bottazzi, Alberto Mantovani
Summary: Ptx3 plays an important role in invasive pneumococcal infection by regulating inflammation and resistance. It is strongly induced in non-hematopoietic cells, particularly endothelial cells, and its expression is regulated by the IL-1β/MyD88 axis. Ptx3-deficient mice have more severe infections, but overexpression of PTX3 does not enhance phagocytosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Bertotti, Eniko Papp, Sian Jones, Vilmos Adleff, Valsamo Anagnostou, Barbara Lupo, Mark Sausen, Jillian Phallen, Carolyn A. Hruban, Collin Tokheim, Noushin Niknafs, Monica Nesselbush, Karli Lytle, Francesco Sassi, Francesca Cottino, Giorgia Migliardi, Eugenia R. Zanella, Dario Ribero, Nadia Russolillo, Alfredo Mellano, Andrea Muratore, Gianluca Paraluppi, Mauro Salizzoni, Silvia Marsoni, Michael Kragh, Johan Lantto, Andrea Cassingena, Qing Kay Li, Rachel Karchin, Robert Scharpf, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Salvatore Siena, Luis A. Diaz, Livio Trusolino, Victor E. Velculescu
Article
Cell Biology
Sian Jones, Valsamo Anagnostou, Karli Lytle, Sonya Parpart-Li, Monica Nesselbush, David R. Riley, Manish Shukla, Bryan Chesnick, Maura Kadan, Eniko Papp, Kevin G. Galens, Derek Murphy, Theresa Zhang, Lisa Kann, Mark Sausen, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Luis A. Diaz, Victor E. Velculescu
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2015)
Article
Cell Biology
Jillian Phallen, Mark Sausen, Vilmos Adleff, Alessandro Leal, Carolyn Hruban, James White, Valsamo Anagnostou, Jacob Fiksel, Stephen Cristiano, Eniko Papp, Savannah Speir, Thomas Reinert, Mai-Britt Worm Orntoft, Brian D. Woodward, Derek Murphy, Sonya Parpart-Li, David Riley, Monica Nesselbush, Naomi Sengamalay, Andrew Georgiadis, Qing Kay Li, Mogens Rorbk Madsen, Frank Viborg Mortensen, Joost Huiskens, Cornelis Punt, Nicole van Grieken, Remond Fijneman, Gerrit Meijer, Hatim Husain, Robert B. Scharpf, Luis A. Diaz, Sian Jones, Sam Angiuoli, Torben Orntoft, Hans Jorgen Nielsen, Claus Lindbjerg Andersen, Victor E. Velculescu
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Smita S. Chandran, David Verhoeven, John R. Teijaro, Matthew J. Fenton, Donna L. Farber
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Immunology
David Verhoeven, Michael D. George, William Hu, Angeline T. Dang, Zeljka Smit-McBride, Elizabeth Reay, Monica Macal, Anne Fenton, Sumathi Sankaran-Walters, Satya Dandekar
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Virology
John R. Teijaro, David Verhoeven, Carly A. Page, Damian Turner, Donna L. Farber
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2010)
Article
Immunology
David Verhoeven, Qingfu Xu, Michael E. Pichichero
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacob J. Chabon, Emily G. Hamilton, David M. Kurtz, Mohammad S. Esfahani, Everett J. Moding, Henning Stehr, Joseph Schroers-Martin, Barzin Y. Nabet, Binbin Chen, Aadel A. Chaudhuri, Chih Long Liu, Angela B. Hui, Michael C. Jin, Tej D. Azad, Diego Almanza, Young-Jun Jeon, Monica C. Nesselbush, Lyron Co Ting Keh, Rene F. Bonilla, Christopher H. Yoo, Ryan B. Ko, Emily L. Chen, David J. Merriott, Pierre P. Massion, Aaron S. Mansfield, Jin Jen, Hong Z. Ren, Steven H. Lin, Christina L. Costantino, Risa Burr, Robert Tibshirani, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Gerald J. Berry, Kristin C. Jensen, Robert B. West, Joel W. Neal, Heather A. Wakelee, Billy W. Loo, Christian A. Kunder, Ann N. Leung, Natalie S. Lui, Mark F. Berry, Joseph B. Shrager, Viswam S. Nair, Daniel A. Haber, Lecia V. Sequist, Ash A. Alizadeh, Maximilian Diehn
Article
Oncology
Michael S. Binkley, Young-Jun Jeon, Monica Nesselbush, Everett J. Moding, Barzin Y. Nabet, Diego Almanza, Christian Kunder, Henning Stehr, Christopher H. Yoo, Siyeon Rhee, Michael Xiang, Jacob J. Chabon, Emily Hamilton, David M. Kurtz, Linda Gojenola, Susie Grant Owen, Ryan B. Ko, June Ho Shin, Peter G. Maxim, Natalie S. Lui, Leah M. Backhus, Mark F. Berry, Joseph B. Shrager, Kavitha J. Ramchandran, Sukhmani K. Padda, Millie Das, Joel W. Neal, Heather A. Wakelee, Ash A. Alizadeh, Billy W. Loo, Maximilian Diehn
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarhad Alnajjar, Panchan Sitthicharoenchai, Jack Gallup, Mark Ackermann, David Verhoeven
Summary: The study found that dual infection with RSV and Spn can lead to increased disease severity, possibly due to lesion development and altered immune responses rather than bacterial counts. This finding helps to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of co-infection of respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Emily G. Hamilton, Mahya Mehrmohamadi, Barzin Y. Nabet, Stefan K. Alig, Daniel A. King, Chloe B. Steen, Charles W. Macaulay, Andre Schultz, Monica C. Nesselbush, Joanne Soo, Joseph G. Schroers-Martin, Binbin Chen, Michael S. Binkley, Henning Stehr, Jacob J. Chabon, Brian J. Sworder, Angela B-Y Hui, Matthew J. Frank, Everett J. Moding, Chih Long Liu, Aaron M. Newman, James M. Isbell, Charles M. Rudin, Bob T. Li, David M. Kurtz, Maximilian Diehn, Ash A. Alizadeh
Summary: EPIC-seq is a method that predicts gene expression levels at individual genes from cfDNA. We demonstrate the potential of EPIC-seq in cancer subtype classification and prediction of clinical response.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Michael S. Binkley, Young-Jun Jeon, Monica Nesselbush, Everett J. Moding, Barzin Nabet, Diego Almanza, Christopher Yoo, David M. Kurtz, Susie Grant Owen, Leah M. Backhus, Mark F. Berry, Joseph B. Shrager, Kavitha J. Ramchandran, Sukhmani K. Padda, Millie Das, Joel W. Neal, Heather A. Wakelee, Ash A. Alizadeh, Billy W. Loo, Maximilian Diehn
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Michael S. Binkley, Young-Jun Jeon, Monica Nesselbush, Everett J. Moding, Barzin Nabet, Diego S. Almanza, Christopher Yoo, David Matthew Kurtz, Susie Grant Owen, Leah Monique Backhus, Mark F. Berry, Joseph B. Shrager, Kavitha Ramchandran, Sukhmani Kaur Padda, Millie Das, Joel W. Neal, Heather A. Wakelee, Ash A. Alizadeh, Billy W. Loo, Maximilian Diehn
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2020)