Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Guochun Chen, Yingjun Zeng, Fuxin Zhao, Chao Wu, Xiaochuan Pan, Fan Lin, Lida Xu, Yingping He, Gonghan He, Qinnan Chen, Daoheng Sun, Zhenyin Hai
Summary: A new 3D printing system was developed to fabricate polymer-derived ceramic (PDCs) thin films on curved surfaces for the first time. The system showed excellent performance in temperature sensing on curved surfaces and had great potential for practical applications.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Roman Svoboda, Jan Prikryl, Alexander V. Kolobov, Milos Krbal
Summary: This study investigated the crystallization behavior of Sb2Se3 thin films using the method of direct calorimetric measurement. The results showed that favorable processing conditions could enhance the orientation of the thin films in the [2 2 1] direction. The study also found that thermally induced crystallization can produce oxide-free Sb2Se3 thin films, and accurate kinetic predictions for the crystallization process were made.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Microscopy
Md M. Islam, S. Shakil, N. M. Shaheen, P. Bayati, M. Haghshenas
Summary: Nano- and micro-indentation fatigue tests provide a non- or semi-destructive method to study the cyclic response of small-sized specimens and thin films, where conventional fatigue experiments face challenges due to dimensional limitations. These tests offer a reliable and non-destructive testing approach to assess fatigue response, especially when a limited volume of material is available. The loading mode in indentation fatigue is different from traditional bulk-scale fatigue, which may lead to different controlling mechanisms of failure between small-scale and bulk-scale fatigue.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
S. Chahib, G. Leroy, B. Duponchel, C. Poupin, H. Ez-zahraouy, D. Fasquelle
Summary: This study compares the dielectric properties of BaSnO3 ceramics and thin films in terms of structure, morphology, frequency (20 Hz-1 MHz), and temperature (30℃-300℃). BaSnO3 solution was prepared using the sol-gel method, and thin films were deposited by spin-coating on substrates. Both ceramics and films showed a pure BaSnO3 phase with a cubic structure according to the X-ray diffraction spectra. The sintering temperature was adjusted to improve the crystalline quality of the ceramics. SEM photos confirmed the high quality of the film surface, with an average roughness of 1.8 nm measured by AFM. The dielectric constant (epsilon') at room temperature was found to be around 17 for ceramics and 13 for thin films at 1 MHz. The dielectric properties of BaSnO3 ceramics could be successfully replicated on thin films using a cost-effective deposition method.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yong Jun Park, Ji Ho Kang, Ae Hui Kim, Tae Hyeong Kim, Tae Young Lim, Dong Hun Kim
Summary: The synthesis of BiFeO3-Y3Fe5O12 composites via solid-state reaction resulted in decreased leakage current and increased magnetic moment with higher Y3Fe5O12 content. The thin films grown on SrTiO3 substrates exhibited isotropic magnetic behavior, showing potential for designing new electronic devices with multifunctional properties.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Changhang Huang, Yanyan Zhu, Xingkun Man
Summary: Block copolymers (BCPs) are a special type of polymeric system with chemically distinct homopolymer blocks tethered together, used in bulk and thin film forms for nanotechnology applications. Progress in tailoring mesoscopic and nanoscopic structures of BCP thin films using external fields relies on precise control of structural orientation, local alignment, and long-range ordering, with conventional polymer field theory and numerical solution schemes playing a key role. Experimental and theoretical insights into the next generation of strategies for obtaining desired BCP thin film patterns and their industrial applications are also provided.
PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Li, Corey Carlos, Hao Zhou, Jiajie Sui, Yikai Wang, Zulmari Silva-Pedraza, Fan Yang, Yutao Dong, Ziyi Zhang, Timothy A. Hacker, Bo Liu, Yanchao Mao, Xudong Wang
Summary: In this study, a promising solution that integrates piezoelectricity, stretchability, and biocompatibility in one material system was presented, which is a critical step towards tissue-compatible biomedical devices.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Sherif Madkour, Marcel Gawek, Andreas Hertwig, Andreas Schoenhals
Summary: The thermodynamic behavior of thin PVME films with an irreversible adsorbed layer on the substrate was studied. Various techniques, including leaching, AFM, ellipsometry, and dielectric spectroscopy, were used to investigate growth kinetics, critical film thickness, influence on glass transition temperature, and molecular dynamics of the adsorbed layer. The study revealed strong percolation effects of the adsorbed layer on thin films.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Hong Lai, Jun-Ding Zheng, Si-Cheng Lu, Yin-Kuo Wang, Chun-Gang Duan, Pu Yu, Yun-Zhe Zheng, Rong Huang, Li Chang, Ming-Wen Chu, Ju-Hung Hsu, Ying-Hao Chu
Summary: In condensed matter physics, oxide materials exhibit diverse and intriguing physical properties, making the development of functional oxides an important field of study. This research focuses on stabilizing PbSnO3 thin films with different orientations using a heteroepitaxial approach supported by theoretical calculations. Through X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the structural information of the thin films is revealed. The electrical characterizations confirm the anticipated antiferroelectric behavior, including double hysteresis and butterfly loops. The study also investigates the phase transition and determines the transition temperatures based on temperature-dependent structural and electrical characterizations. Furthermore, scanning transmission electron microscopy provides atomic resolution images, revealing the microscopic antiferroelectric order. This work represents a significant breakthrough in synthesizing epitaxial PbSnO3 thin films and comprehensively understanding their anisotropic antiferroelectric behavior.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peiliu Li, Xianfu Huang, Ya-Pu Zhao
Summary: In this study, an electro-capillary peeling strategy was developed to achieve thin film detachment by driving liquid to percolate and spread into the bonding layer. This method significantly reduced deformation and strain of the film compared to traditional methods. The approach showed active control capabilities and was suitable for a broad range of films.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peiliu Li, Xianfu Huang, Ya-Pu Zhao
Summary: Thin films are widely used functional materials. Researchers have developed an electro-capillary peeling strategy that achieves nondestructive detachment of thin films by applying electric fields, reducing film deformation. This method has a wide range of applications for various films.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hongxing Shang, Xu Liang, Feng Deng, Shuling Hu, Shengping Shen
Summary: The flexoelectric effect is more evident in thin films due to the easier achievement of large strain gradients. This study investigates the flexoelectricity in wrinkled thin films and finds that enhanced flexoelectricity improves the energy and stretchability of the films. The wrinkle-induced flexoelectric polar pattern can be manipulated by compressive strain, providing a voltage-free strategy for mechanically modifying the polarity of dielectric materials. These findings pave the way for wrinkle-based microelectromechanical devices and applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thorn A. Dramstad, Zhihao Wu, Grace M. Gretz, Aaron M. Massari
Summary: Pentacene deposited on silica adopts two different packing arrangements, with a kinetically favorable thin-film phase and a thermodynamically stable bulk phase. Research has shown that both phases co-nucleate at the interface, with the deposition process influenced by substrate temperature and thickness.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vilko Mandic, Arijeta Bafti, Luka Pavic, Ivana Panzic, Stanislav Kurajica, Jakov-Stjepan Pavelic, Zhen Shi, Katarina Muzina, Ivana Katarina Ivkovic
Summary: Lowering the constitutive domains of semiconducting oxides to the nano-range has opened up possibilities in sensing materials research. This study focuses on chemically derived ceria nanoparticles, examining their structural features, electrical properties, and humidity-sensing performance. The results show the influence of composition, configuration, and thin-film thickness on conductivity and humidity sensing, with surface measurements being more sensitive to changes in humidity than pellet form samples.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tahta Amrillah, Le Thi Quynh, Chien Nguyen Van, Thi Hien Do, Elke Arenholz, Jenh-Yih Juang, Ying-Hao Chu
Summary: The study demonstrates that twinning and interface energies play important roles in stabilizing ε-Fe2O3 on flexible two-dimensional muscovite substrates, while the weak interfacial bonding between ε-Fe2O3 and muscovite can relieve the substrate clamping effect. These flexible ε-Fe2O3 thin films are expected to serve as a platform for exploring interesting emergent physical properties.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qinong Shao, Chenhui Yan, Mingxi Gao, Wubin Du, Jian Chen, Yaxiong Yang, Jiantuo Gan, Zhijun Wu, Wenping Sun, Yinzhu Jiang, Yongfeng Liu, Mingxia Gao, Hongge Pan
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Zr doping on the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability window of Li3-xEr1-xZrxCl6 halide solid electrolytes. The results show that Zr doping can increase the ionic conductivity but narrows the electrochemical stability window. Furthermore, carbon additives are beneficial for achieving high discharge capacity, better cycling stability, and rate performance in halide-based all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liaona She, Guoqiang Zhao, Tianyi Ma, Jian Chen, Wenping Sun, Hongge Pan
Summary: This review summarizes the recent research progress on tackling the stability issues of Ir-based OER electrocatalysts in acid media, aiming to provide inspiration for designing highly active and stable Ir-based electrocatalysts.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhenglong Li, Shun Wang, Mingxia Gao, Kaicheng Xian, Yi Shen, Yaxiong Yang, Panyu Gao, Wenping Sun, Yongfeng Liu, Hongge Pan
Summary: By introducing Li3BO3 and V as catalysts, the dehydrogenation temperature of LiBH4 can be lowered and the reversibility can be improved, thus enhancing the hydrogen storage performance.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaobo Zheng, Yaping Chen, Weihong Lai, Peng Li, Chenliang Ye, Nana Liu, Shi Xue Dou, Hongge Pan, Wenping Sun
Summary: This study presents a facile and universal strategy for the synthesis of defect-abundant 2D materials with unique electronic structures using mechanical shear-assisted exfoliation. The fabricated defect-rich LiCoO2 nanosheets exhibit accelerated oxygen evolution kinetics and reduced energy barrier. Importantly, this method can be applied to the fabrication of other ultrathin defect-rich 2D materials.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianmei Wang, Bingxing Zhang, Wei Guo, Lei Wang, Jian Chen, Hongge Pan, Wenping Sun
Summary: The study of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) has been ongoing for around 70 years, but commercialization is still a distant goal. The methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is the bottleneck reaction that limits the overall performance of DMFCs. This review summarizes the controversies and progress in electrocatalytic mechanisms, performance evaluations, and design science for MOR electrocatalysts. It also provides an overview of the recent development of emerging MOR electrocatalysts, focusing on the innovation of alloy, core-shell structure, heterostructure, and single-atom catalysts. Perspectives on future research directions are also discussed.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Min Fu, Xin Lin, Lingui Tan, Ping Zhang, Haijiao Xie, Zetian Tao
Summary: PBCF-x (0.1 < x < 0.4) polymorphs (PrBa(Co1-xFex)2O5+d) with dual phases of cubic Pr0.5Ba0.5Co1-xFexO3_d and tetragonal PrBa(Co1-xFex)2O5+d are produced through sol-gel method. The co-generation of dual phases results in abundant hetero-interfaces, demonstrating high oxygen adsorption and dissociation ability. The existence of hetero-interfaces promotes oxygen reduction reaction activity (ORR), essential for improving cathode performance of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs). A self-assembled dual-phase cathode proves to be an effective approach for developing high-performing H-SOFCs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dan-Qing Liu, Zhouxin Luo, Bingxing Zhang, Guoqiang Zhao, Wei Guo, Jian Chen, Mingxia Gao, Yongfeng Liu, Hongge Pan, Wenping Sun
Summary: In this study, epitaxial growth of Ir nanoclusters on a MoS2 surface was reported, and the activity of alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction was optimized by tailoring interfacial charge transfer and hydrogen binding energy between Ir clusters and MoS2. The results show that Ir/MoS2 exhibits better performance compared to carbon-supported Ir nanoclusters.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenjing Hu, Ping Zhang, Ling Zhao, Zetian Tao
Summary: LSCF nanofibers synthesized through electrospinning were used as impregnation substrates to successfully enhance the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. The impregnation of BBF in the LSCF substrate led to a significant improvement in cell performance, indicating the potential of this technique for further advancements in fuel cell technology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lingchao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Wenxuan Zhang, Zhenguo Huang, Fang Fang, Juan Li, Limei Yang, Changdong Gu, Wenping Sun, Mingxia Gao, Hongge Pan, Yongfeng Liu
Summary: High thermal stability and sluggish absorption/desorption kinetics are limitations for using MgH2 as a hydrogen storage medium. Introducing a suitable catalyst, such as the novel nanoparticulate ZrNi, can significantly improve the hydrogen storage properties. The catalytic reaction of nano-ZrNi during the first de-/hydrogenation cycle forms active species that enhance the breaking and rebonding of H-H bonds and provide multiple hydrogen diffusion channels, leading to remarkably improved hydrogen absorption and desorption capabilities.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yongji Gao, Mingming Zhang, Lele Fan, Zetian Tao
Summary: Recent findings have shown that the utilization of a novel composite cathode, consisting of LSCF and LNCOx, can significantly enhance the performance of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells. The novel composite cathode exhibits improved catalytic activity and durability, achieving a maximum power density of 1283 mW cm-2.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Min Fu, Xin Lin, Xiangyang Li, Zetian Tao
Summary: This review focuses on the recent applications and developments of microwave technology in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). By investigating the effects of microwave treatment on SOFC materials, a better understanding of the advantages and challenges of this heating method can be gained, providing valuable insights for optimizing materials and improving cell performance.
RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hua Tong, Wenjing Hu, Min Fu, Chunli Yang, Zetian Tao
Summary: Nickel-doped barium ferrate with triple conducting ability is developed as cathodes for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs), showing impressive electrochemical performance at intermediate temperatures. The high electrocatalytic capacity of the nickel-doped barium ferrate cathode is attributed to its significant proton conductivity, which is enhanced by the presence of nickel and the regulated composition and structure of the composite cathode.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xin Zhang, Xuelian Zhang, Lingchao Zhang, Zhenguo Huang, Limei Yang, Mingxia Gao, Changdong Gu, Wenping Sun, Hongge Pan, Yongfeng Liu
Summary: High operating temperatures and sluggish kinetics are obstacles for the practical application of MgH2 as a solid hydrogen carrier. This study investigates the catalytic activity of nanostructured niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and explores the relationship between nanoparticle size, morphology, and catalytic activity. The results demonstrate that the primary particle size is the decisive factor in the catalytic activity of Nb2O5, enabling dehydrogenation at low temperatures and higher reactivity due to the formation of more uniform and finer Nb-based active species when ball-milled with MgH2.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyu (Baohua) Zhang, Xuezhang Xiao, Jian Chen, Yongfeng Liu, Hongge Pan, Wenping Sun, Mingxia Gao
Summary: In this review, recent advances in Ru-based electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) are summarized and the fundamental reaction mechanisms of the electrocatalytic HOR under alkaline conditions are discussed. The recent progress in Ru-based electrocatalysts is summarized based on four catalyst-design strategies including composition, support, size, and structure effects. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities for developing advanced Ru-based HOR electrocatalysts are highlighted.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingj Xiang, Minghe Luo, Xingxing Wu, Yaofeng Zhu, Xuan Zhang, Hongge Pan, Wenping Sun, Mi Yan, Yingying Lu, Yinzhu Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of various Zn2+ coordinated configurations on Zn anode reversibility using ethylenediamine as a complexing agent. The results show that both symmetric Zn/Zn cells and Zn/NiHCF full cells exhibit significantly improved cycling stability under specific coordinated configurations.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Deyong Zheng, Huihui Jin, Yucong Liao, Pengxia Ji
Summary: In this study, a highly stable and efficient catalyst, fluorine-doped Co3O4 (F-Co3O4), was developed for hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The F-Co3O4 catalyst exhibited a remarkable reduction in overpotential and demonstrated excellent stability for over 100 hours.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziwen Lv, Jintao Wang, Fengyi Wang, Jianqiang Wang, Fuquan Li, Hongtao Chen
Summary: Adding Cu6Sn5 nano particles can effectively inhibit the overgrowth of intermetallic compounds at the interfaces of solder joints in electronic devices, providing a solution to this issue. A new growth mechanism of intermetallic compounds at the interfaces was identified.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jun Wang, Jiawei Chen, Wanru Liao, Fangyang Liu, Min Liu, Liangxing Jiang
Summary: A BiOI/AgI/Ag plasmonic heterostructure photocathode was successfully designed through electrodeposition, ion-exchange, and illumination methods. This photocathode exhibits superior performance in photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxiao Liu, Xianxian Zhou, Xiaotao Ma, Qinbo Yuan, Shibin Liu
Summary: In this study, the authors propose a method to accelerate the reaction of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries using a Ni@OC Mott-Schottky heterojunction as a catalyst. The experimental results demonstrate that the charge redistribution at the Ni@OC interface accelerates electron transfer and enhances catalytic activity, leading to improved reaction kinetics and battery performance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dayou Ma, Mohammad Rezasefat, Joziel Aparecido da Cruz, Sandro Campos Amico, Marco Giglio, Andrea Manes
Summary: The matrix has a significant effect on the impact resistance of composite materials. Replacing a brittle polymer with a more flexible one can improve impact resistance, but it poses challenges to standard testing methods. This study designs a new fixture for testing the low-velocity impact of soft composites and investigates the effect of the fixture on the mechanical performance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lingchang Wang, Qihang Yang, Huzhen Li, Ming Wei, Qian Wang, Zhenzhong Hu, Mengmeng Zhen
Summary: Bronze titanium dioxide (TiO2(B)) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. However, its practical applications are hindered by poor conductivity and limited electrochemical kinetics. In this study, TiO2(B)-carbon nanosheets heterostructures are synthesized to enhance the cycling performance and rate capability of TiO2(B).
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Atul Thakur, Ritesh Verma, Ankush Chauhan, Fayu Wan, Preeti Thakur
Summary: In this study, BaFe12O19 and BaFe12O19: Epoxy (50:50) nanocomposites were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The structural information and material properties, such as crystallite size and electrical conductivity, were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM techniques.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingyu Wu, Xinyan Ma, Yong Yang
Summary: A well-defined CoS2@NC(CS-500) hierarchical binder-free catalyst cathode is constructed through in-situ grown of ZIF-67 on carbon cloth and high-temperature carbonization. The cathode shows excellent reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance, providing inspiration for developing advanced Li-CO2 battery catalysts.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Svetlana M. Posokhova, Vladimir A. Morozov, Kirill N. Boldyrev, Dina Deyneko, Erzhena T. Pavlova, Bogdan I. Lazoryak
Summary: This study explores the impact of synthesis method and composition on the structure and luminescence properties of K5Eu1-xHox(MoO4)4 with the palmierite-type matrix. The co-doping of Eu3+ and Ho3+ ions plays a critical role in manipulating charge transfer and luminescence efficiency in the visible and infrared regions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Wang, Yeting Tao, Jingsheng Wang, Youtian Tao
Summary: A new electron-transport material iTPyBI-CN is developed through non-catalytic C-N coupling reaction. It exhibits better electroluminescence efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes compared to the commercial material TPBI, due to its twisted geometry and higher energy levels.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tao Zhu, Feng Huang, Shuo Li, Yang Zhou
Summary: This article combines XRD analysis and microscopic structural observation to investigate the changes in limestone after high-temperature treatment. It finds that 500 degrees C is the critical temperature for crystalline and spatial arrangement changes in limestone, and the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and heat storage coefficient gradually decrease after thermal treatment.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Haekal Habibie, Fransiska Sri Herwahyu Krismastuti, Abdi Wira Septama, Faiza Maryani, Vivi Fauzia
Summary: This study focuses on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructure from zinc recovered from galvanization ash and highlights its potential as a sustainable source of zinc and as an antibacterial agent.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingyi Li, Yixin Xing, Wei Gu, Shousi Lu
Summary: In this study, PC@CaP microparticles were fabricated using biomimetic mineralization. The results showed that under environmental stress, PC@CaP exhibited improved stability and antioxidative activity, indicating its potential use in high-added value fields.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Liu, Shunyou Chen
Summary: In this study, TNTs were used as a drug carrier and modified with ZIF-8 and silk fibroin to obtain a new drug loading platform. The results showed that this drug-loaded platform had a good drug release effect in vitro and could promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chunhui Zhu, Wentao Wang, Qing Zhen, Xinning Huang, Shixin Li, Shaochang Wang, Xiaoping Ma, Xiaoxia Liu, Yalong Jiao, Kai Sun, Zhuangzhi Li, Huaixin Yang, Jianqi Li
Summary: A type of stacking fault is revealed in e-InSe crystal, which is associated with a small stacking-fault energy and shows exceptional plasticity.
