Review
Cell Biology
Yi-Ru Tsai, Yen-Nung Liao, Hong-Yo Kang
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological and endocrine disorder that affects the reproductive health of women. This article provides an overview of the latest cellular approaches used to study the pathophysiology of PCOS through in vitro cell models. It discusses abnormalities in folliculogenesis and explores potential treatments and underlying mechanisms, aiming to enhance our understanding of PCOS at a cellular level.
Article
Cell Biology
Weiwei Chu, Shang Li, Xueying Geng, Dongshuang Wang, Junyu Zhai, Gang Lu, Wai-Yee Chan, Zi-Jiang Chen, Yanzhi Du
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental circadian rhythm disruption on the development of PCOS and identifies the roles of MTNR1A and AR in the progression of hyperandrogenism in PCOS.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xueqi Yan, Aiqing Zhu, Yexing Li, Ziyi Yang, Yuteng Wang, Li Liu, Wei Liu, Dan Liu, Fenghua Li, Juan Du, Fang Cheng, Xueying Gao, Junli Zhao
Summary: In recent years, the right 2D:4D digit ratio has been considered as a marker for prenatal testosterone exposure. There is an ongoing debate whether the ratio is reduced in the right hand of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) women compared to non-PCOS women. This study systematically measured various digit ratios and found significant differences, particularly in the left hand 2D ratios, suggesting that digit ratios can serve as anatomical markers of prenatal testosterone exposure and potentially of PCOS diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Reproductive Biology
Hiral Chaudhary, Jalpa Patel, Nayan K. Jain, Rushikesh Joshi
Summary: PCOS is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of early reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual dysfunction, and metabolic abnormalities. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, but ovarian and adrenal androgen secretion may play a role. Elevated androgen levels in PCOS are closely linked to infertility and poor reproductive health, with genetic factors also playing a role in the syndrome's development.
JOURNAL OF OVARIAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Congshun Ma, Qianru Xiang, Ge Song, Xuefei Wang
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disease with no specific drug treatment. Quercetin (QUR), a flavonoid, has potential therapeutic effects for PCOS patients. However, the mechanisms of QUR in PCOS patients remain unclear.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Xueqi Yan, Xueying Gao, Qian Shang, Ziyi Yang, Yuteng Wang, Li Liu, Wei Liu, Dan Liu, Fang Cheng, Shigang Zhao, Han Zhao, Junli Zhao, Zi-Jiang Chen
Summary: A study found that individuals with shorter CAG repeat length in PCOS cases are more likely to have PCOM and increased risk of H-AFC.
JOURNAL OF OVARIAN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Si-wei Zhang, Jing Zhou, Hans-Jurgen Gober, Wing Ting Leung, Ling Wang
Summary: PCOS is a common disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting their physiology and metabolism, and often leading to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance; Berberine can intervene in the development of PCOS in multiple ways, including alleviating insulin resistance, reducing androgen levels, regulating lipid metabolism, and reducing inflammation.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kexin Wang, Yanhua Li
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The etiologies of this syndrome are complex and involve prenatal factors, genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental toxins. This review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS pathogenesis at the level of signaling pathways and discusses potential therapies including exosome therapy, gene therapy, and drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Licy L. Yanes Cardozo, Damian G. Romero
Summary: PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women, with heterogeneous clinical presentations and involvement of multiple abnormal physiological pathways. Women with PCOS also have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, but there is limited evidence-based therapeutic agents available to treat these complications. Recent studies suggest opportunities for timely effective medical care for women with PCOS, highlighting the unmet need for effective and safe management of the cardiometabolic complications in these patients.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Daniel A. Dumesic, Ayli Tulberg, Karen L. Leung, Samantha C. Fisch, Tristan R. Grogan, David H. Abbott, Rajanigandha Naik, Gregorio D. Chazenbalk
Summary: In vitro differentiation of adipose stem cells into adipocytes in SC abdominal fat may predict insulin sensitivity in vivo in normal-weight women with PCOS, suggesting a potential role for hyperandrogenism in metabolic thrift. PCOS patients exhibited higher androgen levels, adipose-IR, and android fat percentage, while their adipocyte differentiation and gene expression in vitro were negatively correlated with adipose-IR and serum free testosterone but positively correlated with insulin sensitivity.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Xue-Ling Xu, Shou-Long Deng, Zheng-Xing Lian, Kun Yu
Summary: Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent. PCOS is associated with abnormal function of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs), affecting cellular activities. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen and clomiphene have shown clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, but further understanding of the role of ER in PCOS is needed.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Zaixin Guo, Xiaohan Chen, Penghui Feng, Qi Yu
Summary: In DHEA-induced PCOS mice, rapamycin exacerbated reproductive imbalance characterized by elevated testosterone levels and suppressed steroid synthesis.
JOURNAL OF OVARIAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sofia Persson, Evangelia Elenis, Sahruh Turkmen, Michael S. Kramer, Eu-Leong Yong, Inger Sundstrom Poromaa
Summary: This study found that polycystic ovary syndrome is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, regardless of BMI adjustment. Women with the hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotype face a higher risk of type 2 diabetes than those with the normoandrogenic PCOS phenotype.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dejana Rakic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Nikola Jovic, Marija Bicanin Ilic, Aleksandra Dimitrijevic, Tatjana Vulovic, Petar Arsenijevic, Jasmina Sretenovic, Maja Nikolic, Vladimir Petrovich Fisenko, Stefani Bolevich, Gala Zarkovic, Jovana Joksimovic Jovic
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, and it has specific cardiometabolic properties. The presence of metabolic disorders in PCOS emphasizes the importance of regulating glycemic status. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have potential advantages in managing PCOS by improving glucose metabolism, reducing fat tissue, lowering blood pressure, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and protecting the cardiovascular system.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Frank Gonzalez, Robert Considine, Ola A. Abdelhadi, Jiaping Xue, Anthony J. Acton
Summary: In PCOS, saturated fat intake triggers proatherogenic inflammation pathways, independent of obesity. This effect is more pronounced in PCOS combined with obesity compared to obesity alone. Abdominal adiposity and hyperandrogenism may contribute to perpetuating proatherogenic inflammation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Alice Newman-Sanders, Jackson C. Kirkman-Brown, Meurig T. Gallagher
Summary: This study revealed a significant lack of awareness among young adults in the UK regarding the potential impacts of gym lifestyles and supplementation on male infertility. Men were found to have a concerning lack of concern for their own fertility, with differences in awareness levels between men and women. It was also observed that men were more likely to consider making changes to their behavior if it had a long-term impact on their fertility compared to short-term effects.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shachar Reuvenny, Michal Youngster, Almog Luz, Rohi Hourvitz, Ettie Maman, Micha Baum, Ariel Hourvitz
Summary: Using a machine-learning model to determine the optimal trigger days can improve the outcomes of antagonist protocol cycles in freeze-all or fresh transfer cycles, for all age groups. Implementing these models can more accurately predict the number of retrieved oocytes, optimizing physicians' decisions, balancing workloads, and creating more standardized yet patient-specific protocols.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Chao Chen, Qi Wen, Feng Deng, Rong Li, Ying Wang, Xiumei Zhen, Jing Hang
Summary: This study investigates the proteomic and phosphoproteomic differences in the endometrium of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to healthy control women during different phases of the menstrual cycle. The results identify differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated proteins, and highlight the insulin/cyclic nucleotide signalling pathway and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway as major contributors to the abnormality of RPL endometrium. The findings provide insights into potential proteins associated with the pathogenesis of RPL and contribute to the identification of potential targets for RPL treatment.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jaime Guerrero, Juan Carlos Castillo, Jorge Ten, Jose Antonio Ortiz, Belen Lledo, Domingo Orozco, Francisco Quereda, Andrea Bernabeu, Rafael Bernabeu
Summary: The study found no significant differences in clinical outcomes between using oocytes obtained from random-start protocols and those from conventional ovarian stimulation in oocyte donation treatments. Luteal-phase stimulation required longer stimulation and higher FSH consumption.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)