Review
Virology
Nikolai Fattakhov, Silvia Torices, Michael Stangis, Minseon Park, Michal Toborek
Summary: This review discusses the synergistic impairment of the BBB and neuronal injury induced by METH and HIV-1 in HIV-1 positive METH abusers, potentially accelerating the onset or severity of HAND. Potential therapies to limit neuroinflammation and NVU damage in HIV-1-infected METH abusers are also discussed.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lian Jingxuan, Ma Litian, Tu Yanyang, Fu Jianfang
Summary: This study investigates the changes and roles of CLC-3 in diabetic encephalopathy, suggesting that CLC-3 may regulate insulin receptor signaling and downstream PI3K/AKT/GSK3 ss signaling pathways, ultimately affecting the pathogenesis of the disease.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sterling P. Arjona, Charles N. S. Allen, Maryline Santerre, Scott Gross, Jonathan Soboloff, Rosemarie Booze, Bassel E. Sawaya
Summary: This study demonstrates that HIV-1 Tat protein disrupts mitochondrial-associated ER membranes (MAMs) through inducing PTPIP51 phosphorylation, leading to ROS accumulation, mitochondrial stress, and altered movement, therefore contributing to spatial memory impairment and premature brain aging.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jocelyn Rivera-Ortiz, Jessalyn Pla-Tenorio, Myrella L. Cruz, Krystal Colon, Jaileene Perez-Morales, Julio A. Rodriguez, Jorge Martinez-Sicari, Richard J. Noel
Summary: Combination antiretroviral therapy targets viral replication, but astrocytic HIV-1 Nef expression may lead to neurotoxic effects. The study found that using the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol can restore IL-1 beta levels and reduce neural damage in rats.
Article
Neurosciences
Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar Sharma, Huaixing Wang, Zongxiu Zhang, Guetchyn Millien, Mudit Tyagi, Jarin Hongpaisan
Summary: Current evidence suggests that mild cerebrovascular changes could induce neurodegeneration and contribute to HIV-associated neurocognitive disease (HAND) in HIV patients. This study investigated the impact of HIV infection on brain microvessels, focusing on hippocampal microvessels that are crucial for memory and cognitive abilities. The results showed that HIV infection led to oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and changes in microvessels in both in vitro and in vivo models.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunnie M. Yoh, Joao Mamede, Derrick Lau, Narae Ahn, Maria T. Sanchez-Aparicio, Joshua Temple, Andrew Tuckwell, Nina Fuchs, Gianguido C. Cianci, Laura Riva, Heather Curry, Xin Yin, Stephanie Gambut, Lacy M. Simons, Judd F. Hultquist, Renate Koenig, Yong Xiong, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Till Bocking, Thomas J. Hope, Sumit K. Chanda
Summary: This study reveals a two-factor authentication strategy by the innate surveillance machinery to selectively respond to low concentration of HIV-1 DNA, using the decoration of PQBP1 on the viral capsid and the recruitment of cGAS.
Article
Immunology
Yusheng Liang, Xu Kang, Haiwang Zhang, Heng Xu, Xian Wu
Summary: Inhibition of GPR17 improves cognitive impairment induced by LPS in mice. In addition to improving cholinergic dysfunction, inhibition of GPR17 also regulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Noura H. Alshamrani, Reham H. Halawani, Ahmed M. Elaiw
Summary: This paper formulates and analyzes two mathematical models to describe the within-host dynamics of HIV-1, considering the impairment of both CTLs and B cells. The authors establish the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, determine the basic reproductive numbers, and analyze the stability properties of steady states. The results confirm the theoretical findings and show the significant effects of impaired immune cells, time delay, and latent infection on HIV-1 dynamics.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Matteo Bosso, Caterina Prelli Bozzo, Meta Volcic, Frank Kirchhoff
Summary: IFI16 is a crucial player in the host intrinsic immune response, capable of sensing intermediate products of HIV-1 reverse transcription and regulating viral gene expression. Three different methods have been presented to reduce IFI16 protein levels in primary HIV-1 target cells, with potential applications for studying other cellular factors in primary macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hanan E. Shamseldin, Mukunth Sadagopan, Javier Martini, Ruslan Al-Ali, Mandy Radefeldt, Mojgan Ataei, Sabrina Lemke, Zuhair Rahbeeni, Fuad Al Mutairi, Faroug Ababneh, Hadeel A. Alrukban, Firdous Abdulwahab, Saleh Mohammed Alhajj, Peter Bauer, Aida Bertoli-Avella, Fowzan S. Alkuraya
Summary: DBR1 deficiency causes an autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity characterized by pediatric brainstem viral-induced encephalitis. We identified a distinct allelic disorder caused by a founder recessive DBR1 variant in four families, which is characterized by prematurity, severe intrauterine growth deficiency, congenital ichthyosis-like presentation, and death before the first year of life. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed an accumulation of intron lariats in their RNA and a marked reduction of DBR1 expression, suggesting a novel DBR1-related developmental disorder.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Chang-Cheng Liu, Chang-Xin Huo, Canjia Zhai, Xiu-Jing Zheng, De-Cai Xiong, Xin-Shan Ye
Summary: The study focuses on the glycosylation and conformational limitations of the HIV-1 envelope protein. A synthetic approach for Man5 and its analogues was developed, and their immunogenicity was evaluated in mice. The modified analogues induced stronger immune responses but failed to bind the native antigen.
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samara Martin-Alonso, Dongwei Kang, Javier Martinez del Rio, Joanna Luczkowiak, Estrella Frutos-Beltran, Lina Zhang, Xiqiang Cheng, Xinyong Liu, Peng Zhan, Luis Menendez-Arias
Summary: In retroviruses, strand displacement DNA-dependent DNA polymerization catalyzed by viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is crucial for synthesizing double-stranded proviral DNA. This study demonstrates that the loss of RNase H activity in HIV-1 RT does not significantly affect strand displacement during DNA template copying but has a major impact on DNA polymerization during reactions with RNA templates. The findings suggest potential applications in transcriptomics technologies and the development of novel antiretroviral agents.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Natalie Losada, Francesc X. Ruiz, Francesca Curreli, Kevin Gruber, Alyssa Pilch, Kalyan Das, Asim K. Debnath, Eddy Arnold
Summary: This study focuses on compounds (NBD derivatives) originally developed to bind to HIV-1 gp120, some of which inhibit RT. Crystal structures of three NBD compounds in complex with HIV-1 RT have been determined, correlating with RT enzyme inhibition and antiviral activity, to develop structure-activity relationships. Two lead compounds, NBD-14189 and NBD-14270, show potent antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mirjana Persaud, Anastasia Selyutina, Cindy Buffone, Silvana Opp, Daniel A. Donahue, Oliver Schwartz, Felipe Diaz-Griffero
Summary: The overexpression of human SUN2 and SUN1 proteins blocks HIV-1 infection in a capsid-dependent manner. These transmembrane proteins interact with the HIV-1 capsid in the nucleus, restricting viral replication. The ability of SUN1/2 to restrict HIV-1 correlates with their perinuclear localization and the interaction mediated by their N-terminal domains.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mark A. Bobko, Jennifer M. Elward, B. Narasimhulu Naidu, Yexenia E. Nieves-Quinones, Christopher A. Reiher, Qiaogong Su, Liang Sun, John Woodard, Shiping Xie, Wuxing Yang, Yunxing Yin
Summary: A new synthesis of allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitor GSK3839919A is reported, with a key advance in the synthesis of a crucial building block. The process development for the efficient multi-kilogram synthesis of GSK3839919A is also described, including optimization of Pd-catalyzed reactions and the use of lyophilization and gentisic acid.
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Virology
Takayuki Nitta, Dat Ha, Felipe Galvez, Takayuki Miyazawa, Hung Fan
Article
Virology
Alvaro E. Galvis, Hugh E. Fisher, Hung Fan, David Camerini
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jasmine Phillips, Lesha Phillips, Blessing Enya, Hua Zhao, Takayuki Nitta
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Alvaro Galvis, Anthony Shoo, Aaron R. Shedlock
PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Spyridon Stavrou, Takayuki Nitta, Swathi Kotla, Dat Ha, Kunio Nagashima, Alan R. Rein, Hung Fan, Susan R. Ross
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2013)
Article
Pediatrics
Antonio Arrieta, Alvaro E. E. Galvis, Stephanie Osborne, Tricia Morphew, Karen Imfeld, Claudia Enriquez, Janet Hoang, Marcia Swearingen, Delma J. J. Nieves, Negar Ashouri, Jasjit Singh, Diane Nugent
Summary: The study evaluates the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in children and young adults. It finds that CCP is well tolerated and leads to rapid increase in antibody levels in this population. Given that vaccines are not fully available and the safety and efficacy of existing monoclonal antibodies and antiviral agents have not been established, CCP should remain a therapeutic option.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexus Williams, Keshawna Smith, Zarin Bhuiyan, Jasmine Phillips, Hua Zhao, Takayuki Nitta
Summary: Betulinic acid (BA) compounds have cytotoxic effects on both African American and Caucasian men's prostate cancer cells, regardless of ethnicity and androgen dependence. The growth inhibition of PCa cells by BA compounds operates through independent pathways.
CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Alvaro E. Galvis, Antonio Arrieta
Article
Infectious Diseases
Erik Pennell, Iris Pecson, Craig Nakamura, Alvaro E. Galvis
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alvaro E. Galvis, Vidyasagar Jaiswal, Iris Pecson, Craig Nakamura, Dena Austin
Article
Pediatrics
Gagandeep Singh, Alvaro Galvis, Samrat Das
PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW
(2018)
Article
Biology
Alvaro E. Galvis, Hugh E. Fisher, David Camerini
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alvaro E. Galvis, Sana Kamboj, Craig Nakamura