Article
Biophysics
Aziz Tokgoz, Shuo Wang, Priya Sastry, Chang Sun, Nichola L. Figg, Yuan Huang, Martin R. Bennett, Sanjay Sinha, Jonathan H. Gillard, Michael P. F. Sutcliffe, Zhongzhao Teng
Summary: This study aims to investigate the association between the development of aneurysms and fiber structures, inflammation, and GAG deposition. The results showed a positive correlation between GAG deposition and tension and elastin ratio, and a negative correlation with collagen ratio. Additionally, GAG deposition was also correlated with collagen fiber dispersion.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Miika Kiema, Jaakko K. Sarin, S. Petteri Kauhanen, Jari Torniainen, Hanna Matikka, Emma-Sofia Luoto, Pekka Jaakkola, Petri Saari, Timo Liimatainen, Ritva Vanninen, Seppo Yla-Herttuala, Marja Hedman, Johanna P. Laakkonen
Summary: The study found that wall shear stress (WSS) is associated with media degeneration, elastin content, and aortic wall strength in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The outer curves of the aortic wall were thinner, more rigid, and tolerated lower failure strains. Higher smooth muscle cell (SMC) density was correlated with lower strength of the aortic wall structure, along with more macrophages detected in patients with severe media degeneration.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Yutaka Ohsawa, Hideaki Ohtsubo, Asami Munekane, Kohei Ohkubo, Tatsufumi Murakami, Masahiro Fujino, Shin-ichiro Nishimatsu, Hiroki Hagiwara, Hirotake Nishimura, Ryuki Kaneko, Takahiro Suzuki, Ryuichi Tatsumi, Wataru Mizunoya, Atsushi Hinohara, Masao Fukunaga, Yoshihide Sunada
Summary: a-Klotho is a protein related to longevity, and its deficiency leads to shortened lifespan and senescent phenotypes in mice, including muscle atrophy and weakness. The circulating form of a-Klotho (c-a-Klotho) suppresses muscle-wasting molecules induced by TGF-13 through ligand binding and receptor interaction. A small-molecule inhibitor of type I receptors for these TGF-13s, called Ki26894, can reverse muscle atrophy and weakness by suppressing activated Smad2 and up-regulating Cdkn1a transcript. These findings suggest the potential of c-a-Klotho as a circulating inhibitor to counteract TGF-13-induced sarcopenia, highlighting the possibility of a novel therapy involving TGF-13 blockade.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sara Zalghout, Sophie Vo, Veronique Arocas, Soumaya Jadoui, Eva Hamade, Bassam Badran, Olivier Oudar, Nathalie Charnaux, Dan Longrois, Yacine Boulaftali, Marie-Christine Bouton, Benjamin Richard
Summary: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) pooling is considered as a histopathological characteristic of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), along with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) apoptosis and elastin fibers degradation. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a proteoglycan involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction and inflammation regulation. This study found that SDC-1 is overexpressed in TAA specimens in both humans and mouse models. However, SDC-1 does not affect TAA prevalence or rupture.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhongjie Wang, Nick Flores, Matthew Lum, Andrew D. Wisneski, Yue Xuan, Justin Inman, Michael D. Hope, David A. Saloner, Julius M. Guccione, Liang Ge, Elaine E. Tseng
Summary: Finite element analysis revealed that peak wall stresses were overall larger in >= 5.0 cm aTAAs compared to <5.0 cm aTAAs. While there was some correlation between size and peak wall stresses in >= 5.0 cm aTAAs, poor correlation existed in <5.0 cm aTAAs. Patient-specific wall stresses are particularly crucial in determining the risk of dissection for <5.0 cm aTAAs.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Ana Munjiza Jovanovic, Marija Mitkovic-Voncina, Milutin Kostic, Marija Jeremic, Jovana Todorovic, Dusan Popadic, Dusica Lecic Tosevski, Ivanka Markovic
Summary: The study found that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have experienced childhood trauma have significantly higher levels of TGF-beta in adulthood compared to patients without childhood trauma and control groups. Additionally, the combined effect of childhood trauma history and MDD affects TGF beta levels in adulthood, which is not observed in the control group.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuo Chen, Hanjie Yu, Xiangqin Chen, Wentian Chen, Wanghua Song, Zheng Li
Summary: TGF-beta superfamily members play important roles in various diseases, and glycosylation modification is involved in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway. There is a complex mutual regulation between glycosylation and TGF-beta signaling, which affects biological processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aqsa Iqbal, Ulrike May, Stuart N. Prince, Tero A. H. Jarvinen, Ahlke Heydemann
Summary: Targeted delivery of therapeutic decorin through vascular homing peptide significantly reduces skeletal muscle fibrosis and pathology, while improving functional characteristics of skeletal muscle in mouse models of muscular dystrophy.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Daan C. H. van Dorst, Nathalie P. de Wagenaar, Ingrid Van der Pluijm, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Jeroen Essers, A. H. Jan Danser
Summary: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are permanent pathological dilatations of the thoracic aorta that can lead to life-threatening complications, frequently occurring in individuals with genetic predispositions such as Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Research indicates the significant role of TGF-beta signaling and the renin-angiotensin system in the pathology of TAAs, with ongoing studies exploring the therapeutic potential of ARBs and beta-blockers in syndromic TAA patients.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Zhen Zhou, Alana C. Cecchi, Siddharth K. Prakash, Dianna M. Milewicz
Summary: This article discusses the main risk factors associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAD), including genetic variants and environmental conditions, and explores the underlying mechanisms leading to TAD.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daizo Ishii, Mario Zanaty, Jorge A. Roa, Luyuan Li, Yongjun Lu, Ryan Sabotin, Lauren Allan, Edgar A. Samaniego, David M. Hasan
Summary: This study found that higher luminal concentrations of lipoprotein(a) in the aneurysm sac were significantly associated with increased wall enhancement of UIAs. This suggests that lipoprotein(a) may be an important factor in vascular wall changes of UIAs. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Felix Sebastian Nettersheim, Julian Lemties, Simon Braumann, Simon Geissen, Senai Bokredenghel, Richard Nies, Alexander Hof, Holger Winkels, Bruce A. Freeman, Anna Klinke, Volker Rudolph, Stephan Baldus, Dennis Mehrkens, Martin Mollenhauer, Matti Adam
Summary: This study found that Nitro-oleic acid can attenuate the progression of aortic dilation in Marfan syndrome by modulating multiple disease-mediating pathways.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Savalan Babapoor-Farrokhran, Roozbeh Tarighati Rasekhi, Deanna Gill, Jafar Alzubi, Sumeet K. Mainigi
Summary: Atrial fibrillation is a common clinically significant arrhythmia with four fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms, with TGF-beta playing a key role. Studies have shown that TGF-beta 1 is involved in the development and propagation of atrial fibrillation.
Review
Cell Biology
Meng-Yan Wang, Wen-Juan Liu, Le-Yi Wu, Gang Wang, Cheng-Lin Zhang, Jie Liu
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in TGF-beta 2, highlighting its role in various biological processes and its association with diseases related to dysregulation of its signaling.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinyi Wang, Ting Liu, Yifei Huang, Yifeng Dai, Hui Lin
Summary: Fibrosis is a complex abnormal healing process that involves multiple signaling pathways, with the TGF-beta signaling pathway playing a central role. TGF-beta precisely regulates fibrogenesis by controlling gene transcription and translation, and SUMOylation has been identified as a key player in this process, providing potential therapeutic strategies for fibrosis.