Article
Mechanics
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: This study investigates the ballistic mechanism of 3D woven fabric under Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) projectile impact, using numerical simulation and ballistic impact tests to validate and evaluate the finite element analysis (FEA) model. The results show a relatively good correlation between the FEA model and experimental tests, providing insights for the design of 3D woven fabric for ballistic protection.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: This study investigates the ballistic impact on Kevlar multilayer three-dimensional angle-interlock woven fabric (3DAWF) using a mesoscale geometrical model for numerical simulation. The results show that numerical simulations with strain rate effects in the yarn material properties accurately reproduce the ballistic test results and provide a more precise prediction in projectile's velocity, energy absorption mechanism, and failure morphology compared to traditional FEA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Zhongxiang Pan
Summary: This paper investigates the ballistic mechanism of 3D angle interlock woven fabric (3DAWF) under normal and oblique impact. A mesoscale model of 3DAWF under different impact directions and angles was studied to reveal its ballistic mechanism. The numerical studies showed that the 3DAWF's ballistic performance increases non-linearly with impact obliquity and the ballistic mechanisms change with impact directions due to the anisotropic structure of 3DAWF. The impact damage mechanism, energy absorption evolution, and stress wave distribution of the 3DAWF under oblique high-velocity impact were also demonstrated. These findings are constructive for the application of 3DAWF in ballistic protection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Bo Gao
Summary: The numerical simulation of 3D angle interlock woven fabric under ballistic impact using LS-DYNA showed that the SJC material model accurately predicted projectile's residual velocities and fabric's deformation and damages.
JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Mengqi Yang, Xiaogang Chen
Summary: This study utilized 3D angle-interlock fabrics to provide continuous reinforcement for ballistic helmets, investigating the impact of fabric structural parameters on fabric mouldability and ballistic performance. The inclusion of wadded TTAI fabrics demonstrated improved ballistic energy absorption and ballistic limit compared to conventional counterparts, making it an effective continuous reinforcement for ballistic helmet shells.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sagar Ingle, Chandra Sekher Yerramalli, Anirban Guha, Sushil Mishra
Summary: The study focuses on the design requirement of soft ballistic armour, which aims to achieve maximum ballistic energy absorption, lower backface deformation, and minimum weight. The properties of yarn mechanical play a crucial role in determining the armour characteristics. The study aims to find the optimal combination of yarn mechanical properties that can satisfy all the design objectives. A new parameter, Inertial Work, is introduced to categorize the armour backface deformation in a mass normalized manner, and a Specific Ballistic Energy Absorption parameter is used to compare fabrics of different densities. The study also analyzes the ballistic response of woven fabrics commonly used in ballistic protection and proposes a concept of hybridized multilayer-multimaterial armour to address the limitations of a single material armour. The results show that hybridization significantly influences the ballistic performance of the armour, and the arrangement of different layers of materials can result in higher energy absorption and lower deformation.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Yanfei Yang, Yanchen Liu, Sainan Xue, Xiangling Sun
Summary: This paper introduces a multi-scale modeling technique to simulate fibers and yarns in woven fabric under ballistic impact, showing more accurate responses and detailed failure mechanisms. The models involving fiber bundles at the local region exhibit superior results and can be used to investigate the influence of fabric architecture on ballistic performance.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Yanfei Yang, Zihu Wang, Minghuan Wang, Yan Zhang
Summary: Previous studies have focused on simulating ballistic impact on fabric panels at the yarn level, failing to capture the responses of individual fibers. This study uses a finite element model at the fiber bundle level to investigate the influence of fabric architecture on ballistic responses. Ballistic tests were conducted on fabrics with different architectures, revealing that yarn cross-section shape and yarn crimp ratio are dominant factors. Finite element modeling showed an increase in frictional energy dissipation during ballistic impact, and the aspect ratio and crimp ratio significantly affect energy absorption.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Yifan He, Shengnan Min, Si Chen, Jianming Wang, Zhonghua Wang, Yi Zhou
Summary: In this study, the effect of Z-binding depths on the ballistic performance and failure mechanisms of para-aramid 3D fabrics was systematically investigated. Two types of 3D woven fabrics were compared to the 2D plain weave fabric. Ballistic tests and finite element simulation analyses were conducted based on a similar areal density. The results showed that the 3D fabric systems had a higher ballistic limit and a progressive failure mode compared to the 2D system.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Dan Yang, Qingsong Wei, Xiaogang Chen, Jinchun Li
Summary: Ballistic performance and moldability are two crucial properties for 3D curved-surface ballistic applications. However, improving both simultaneously is a challenging technical issue. To address this, a new 3D compound structure fabric was developed, demonstrating better ballistic performance with comparable moldability to the well-known 3D angle-interlock fabric. This study further investigated the ballistic performance of the new fabric using finite element analysis (FEA) and ballistic tests, confirming the consistency between the theoretical model and experimental results.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jichong Wang, Xiongqi Peng, Zhigao Huang, Huaming Zhou
Summary: A temperature-dependent 3D anisotropic visco-hyperelastic constitutive model was developed for jute woven fabric reinforced PBS biocomposites, considering the temperature influence on the interaction between fabric reinforcement and PBS matrix. Finite element simulation of thermoforming process validated the proposed model.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Lekhani Tripathi, Soumya Chowdhury, B. K. Behera
Summary: This study aims to understand and evaluate the response of 3D woven fabrics to ballistic forces. Analytical and numerical models were developed to determine the impact energy and evaluate the ballistic impact. The behavior, failure mechanisms, and energy dissipation of fabric under ballistic impact were analyzed and validated.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Dian-sen Li, Ming-guang Dang, Lei Jiang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of elevated temperature on tension fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms of carbon/epoxy 3D angle-interlock woven composites. The findings suggest that fatigue properties decrease at high temperatures, with the main failure mechanism being matrix microcrack propagation and fiber breakage.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Evren Sonat, Sezer Ozerinc
Summary: The study shows that increasing scarf angle reduces the tensile strength of the repaired composite structures, resulting in different types of failure. Finite element analysis using cohesive zone modeling accurately predicts the experimentally observed response, with stress concentration distribution over the bonding area playing a crucial role in determining the failure type. Further investigation reveals that adhesive defects can significantly decrease the strength of the bonded specimens.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Qiwei Guo, Yifan Zhang, Diansen Li, Ruiqing Guo, Ming Ma, Li Chen
Summary: A novel 3D woven structure, named multiaxial 3D angle-interlock woven composites (MAWC), was designed and developed in this paper. Experimental characterization and modeling were used to investigate the tensile behavior and failure mechanisms of MAWCs and 3D angle-interlock woven composites. Results showed that the axial tensile strength of MAWCs decreased due to the change of yarn orientation, and different stress-strain curves were observed for MAWCs and 3DAWC.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhi-yong Li, You-song Xue, Bao-zhong Sun, Bo-hong Gu
Summary: This study reports the ballistic impact damage of plain-woven laminates with different hybrid structures and stacking sequences. Experimental and finite element analysis results show that UHMWPE/Kevlar hybrid laminates with Kevlar layers as the front face have the highest energy absorption capacity.
DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Wenjing Cao, Yuanyuan Wu, Bohong Gu
Summary: Impact damage distribution is crucial for designing composite structures with high-impact damage tolerances. In this study, the initiation, evolution, and distribution of impact damage in woven composites were investigated. The woven structure was found to greatly influence the damage propagation and the distribution of strain and stress. The high strength and straight arrangement of the weft yarn contributed to its high deformation resistance, large stress value, and wide stress distribution. On the other hand, the crimp of the warp yarn limited the stress distribution, leading to stress and damage concentration.
APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Feng Xu, Jing Long, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of thermo-oxidative aging on the strain rate sensitivity and compression failure mechanism of three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composites (3DAWCs) using digital image correlation technique and finite element analysis. The results demonstrate that the strain rate sensitivity of 3DAWCs decreases after thermo-oxidative aging. The aging effect also influences the damage initiation and strain localization behavior.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yuanyuan Wu, Jinhui Guo, Limeng Xun, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study reports the anisotropic low-velocity impact behaviors of 3D braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites after thermo-oxidative aging. The findings show that the loading in the out-of-plane direction has better resistance to aging degradation and more sensitive stiffness degradation.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Yuanyuan Wu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: The mechanical behaviors of thermo-oxidative aged 3D braided composites are influenced by matrix degradation and crack evolution. The study investigates the degradation behaviors, crack propagations, and mechanical reduction mechanisms of three-dimensional five-directional (3D5d) braided composites under thermal oxygen coupling environment. The aging behaviors in a pure thermal environment were also analyzed for comparison. The results show that the presence of oxygen accelerates crack initiation and propagation, leading to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Shuwei Huang, Junjie Zhang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: Thermal stress concentration, caused by the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion, plays a significant role in the fatigue and failure of composites. We demonstrated the practicality of fiber Bragg grating sensors and high-resolution digital image correlation technique for in-situ characterization of thermal strain field evolution in 3D angle-interlocked woven composites. Our study found that the CTE mismatch leads to stress localization at the interface and exhibits a periodic distribution within the 3DAWC. The thermal stress in the resin reaches a maximum of 22 MPa around Tg, close to half of its yield stress.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Juan Fang, Junjie Zhang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: The mode I fracture behavior of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites was investigated using the double-cantilever beam method. The effects of different loading rates on fracture behavior were compared. It was found that the braiding yarns prevent crack initiation and propagation, while the braiding structure causes crack bifurcation. The results show that the three-dimensional braided structure is effective in increasing fracture toughness.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Xinyu Gao, Qihang Wang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu, Meiqi Hu
Summary: In this study, a new method for preparing the three-way integrated braided preform was reported. The compressive behaviors of the three-way braided composite tubes were tested to reveal the effects of the braided structure. It was found that reducing branch length or increasing braiding layers can improve the compressive strength and initial stiffness. The main damage mechanisms observed were yarn breakage, yarn debonding, and kink band. The uniform braided structure paves the way for the formation of a seamless braided structure with high compressive strength among the three branch tubes.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Limeng Xun, Shuwei Huang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study reports the initiation and development of torsional cracks in carbon-fiber 3D braided composite tubes. 3D digital image correlation and micro-CT techniques were used to observe the crack distribution and reveal the correlation with the braided structure. The study found that the torsional damage propagates along the helix of braided bundles and inhibits in the vertical direction within repeated braid units.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Zhiyong Li, Yousong Xue, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigated the penetration behavior of hybrid carbon/Kevlar/UHMWPE fiber laminated composites and revealed their complex failure mechanisms. Finite element modeling was used to predict the impact-induced damages for the hybrid composites. The results showed that the energy absorption capability of the hybrid laminates can be improved by 16.4%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Baozhong Sun, Zhongmin Xiao, Bohong Gu
Summary: Understanding the thermo-oxidative ageing behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy resin interfaces at multiple scales is crucial for structural optimization and durable design of composites. In this study, we investigated the effects of oxygen entering the interface on the ageing crack evolutions, interface spatial structures, and multi-scale dynamic mechanisms for carbon fiber/epoxy composites under a thermal environment using experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that ageing cracks first appear at the interface and then spread to the surrounding resin-rich region as the ageing time increases, and the oxygen amounts entered the interface and the intermolecular interactions affect the interface dynamic behaviors.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Tianwei Wu, Gen Li, Yousong Xue, Zhiyong Li, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: This research investigates the relationship between structural damage and electrical resistance change in carbon fiber reinforced composites and its importance in structural health monitoring. Through current injection experiments and finite element analysis, it is found that different injection methods can detect different types of damage, and a damage index system is established to evaluate the extent of damage in different damage modes.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Feng Xu, Jing Long, Shuwei Huang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study developed a coupled thermo-chemical-mechanical multiphysics model to simulate the thermo-oxidative ageing process of 3D angle-interlock woven composites. The model considers the residual stress state of the composite after curing and successfully predicts the oxidized layer distribution and interface cracks in agreement with experimental results. This model contributes to evaluating the complex stress and interface damage during thermo-oxidative ageing.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Shuwei Huang, Tianwei Wu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of ageing cracks and loading directions on the mechanical behaviors of thermo-oxidative aged 3D braided composites. X-ray micro-computed tomography and digital image correlation technique are used to analyze ageing crack propagations, compressive responses, in-situ strain evolutions, full-field damage distributions, and crack evolution mechanisms. The results reveal ageing weakening behaviors, anisotropy effects, and structure correlations. Ageing cracks affect surface strain and damage distributions but not internal shear modes during out-of-plane (OP) loading. The synergy between ageing cracks and in-plane (IP) loading is greater than that with OP loading. This work provides important guidance for the structural optimization and durability design of 3D braided composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
