Article
Food Science & Technology
Arne Kappenberg, Lena Marie Juraschek
Summary: This study aimed to propose a reliable method for simultaneous quantification of the most common mycotoxins, DON and ZEA, in soil using LC-MS/MS, in order to address the lack of knowledge on mycotoxin amounts in soil. The method was validated with six different samples, showing a recovery rate always higher than 80% and quantification limits of 1 ng/g soil for DON and 0.5 ng/g soil for ZEA.
Article
Agronomy
Piotr Ochodzki, Adriana Twardawska, Halina Wisniewska, Tomasz Goral
Summary: The study identified winter wheat lines with low levels of head infection and kernel damage as well as low levels of grain contamination with mycotoxins.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ann-Kristin Rausch, Robert Brockmeyer, Tanja Schwerdtle
Summary: The study developed a two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for analyzing multiple food contaminants and residues in cereals, including various mycotoxins and pesticides. Validation results showed good linearity, recovery rates, and stability for most analytes, but some analysis results were unsatisfactory for certain substances.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Natasa P. Kalogiouri, Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis, Maria G. Maggalou, George S. Karaoglanidis, Victoria F. Samanidou, Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
Summary: A simple and rapid analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in apples. Through optimization of microwave-assisted extraction, the method demonstrated superiority in extraction efficiency and rapidity compared to the QuEChERS sample preparation method.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nela Prusova, Zbynek Dzuman, Lukas Jelinek, Marcel Karabin, Jana Hajslova, Michael Rychlik, Milena Stranska
Summary: The study investigated the fate of less investigated Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins during the malting and brewing processes of producing lager beer. Results showed that germination is the most determining malting step, and mitigation measures are needed to reduce mycotoxins contamination in the final beer product.
Article
Agronomy
Valentina Spanic, Marko Maricevic, Ivica Ikic, Michael Sulyok, Hrvoje Sarcevic
Summary: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease that causes economic losses and reduces grain quality in cereals, such as wheat. The study analyzed 216 wheat samples infected with FHB using LC-MS/MS and found that certain mycotoxins/metabolites, including deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), were highly prevalent. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins/metabolites was high, and their potential toxic effects should be considered. The results highlight the importance of analyzing modified and emerging mycotoxins/metabolites in future mycotoxin monitoring programs.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kai Zhang, Steven Tan, David Xu
Summary: This study applied stable isotope dilution and LC-MS/MS method to analyze multiple mycotoxins in dried fruits. Cryogenic grinding and fortification of carbon-13 labeled internal standards were used for sample preparation, and good recoveries and stability were achieved in various matrices. Troubleshooting procedures such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and elution gradient were evaluated to improve the detectability of mycotoxins, and the identity of the detected mycotoxins was confirmed using enhanced product ion scans and spectral library matching.
Article
Agronomy
Katarina Sunic, Tihomir Kovac, Ante Loncaric, Jurislav Babic, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Georg Drezner, Valentina Spanic
Summary: This study aimed to identify the impact of epidemic FHB conditions on mycotoxin levels in unprocessed wheat and found that environmental variation plays a significant role in the production of Fusarium mycotoxins. The results also demonstrated differences in mycotoxin accumulation between natural infection and artificial Fusarium inoculation treatments.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Maria Teresa Senatore, Antonio Prodi, Francesco Tini, Virgilio Balmas, Alessandro Infantino, Andrea Onofri, Eleonora Cappelletti, Safa Oufensou, Michael Sulyok, Lorenzo Covarelli, Giovanni Beccari
Summary: This study assessed the evolution of fungal communities associated with durum wheat using different diagnostic approaches. The results showed that qPCR was the best method for predicting mycotoxin contamination in grains for some Fusarium species. The presence of Alternaria and Fusarium mycotoxins, particularly enniatins, was found in the grain harvested in central Italy, while deoxynivalenol was mainly detected in northern-central Italy.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hyoyoung Kim, Eun Joo Baek, Byeung Gon Shin, Ho Jin Kim, Jang-Eok Kim
Summary: A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in three types of grains. The results of the analysis of Korean grain samples demonstrated the level of mycotoxin contamination.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Laura Oliveira Lago, Tassia Henrique Nievierowski, Luana Peixoto Mallmann, Eliseu Rodrigues, Juliane Elisa Welke
Summary: The combination of QuEChERS-LC-QTOFMS and matrix-matched calibration was evaluated for determining legislated and emerging mycotoxins in malt and beer, showing satisfactory method performance. The method provided fast analysis and accurate quantification of mycotoxins, with precision and sensitivity meeting method validation guidelines. Detection of legislated and emerging mycotoxins allowed verification of compliance with legislation and supported the establishment of limits for emerging mycotoxins.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marija Kovac, Mateja Bulaic, Ante Nevistic, Tomislav Rot, Jurislav Babic, Mario Panjicko, Tihomir Kovac, Bojan Sarkanj
Summary: A total of 209 samples of various cereal crops grown in Croatian fields were collected to analyze the occurrence and co-occurrence of EU regulated mycotoxins. The study highlighted Fusarium mycotoxins as the main contaminants, with DON being the most frequent mycotoxin. Maize was found to be the most contaminated cereal type.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dung Le, Maarten Ameye, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger, Kris Audenaert, Geert Haesaert
Summary: Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a major issue for Allium producers globally, with F. oxysporum being the most prevalent species in Vietnam. Virulence of different isolates varies greatly, and there is evidence of specialization of isolates for host phenology. Mycotoxin analyses revealed the presence of beauvericin and fumonisin B-1 in onions infected by different Fusarium species.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hyeong-Wook Jo, Min-Kyu Park, Hyo-min Heo, Hwang-Ju Jeon, Sung-Deuk Choi, Sung-Eun Lee, Joon-Kwan Moon
Summary: Although the residual concentrations of mycotoxins in Korean feedstuffs did not exceed the maximum residue levels set by the Korean Food and Drug Administration, intensive management and regular monitoring are still necessary to ensure food safety.
APPLIED BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Gary P. Munkvold, Robert H. Proctor, Antonio Moretti
Summary: Fusarium is a significant genus of plant-pathogenic fungi and one of the most important mycotoxin-producing genera in the world. Understanding the mycotoxin potential of individual species is crucial for assessing toxicological risks, but efforts to summarize mycotoxin production have been complicated by various classification systems.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 59, 2021
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alessio Alesci, Angelo Fumia, Anthea Miller, Concetta Calabro, Antonello Santini, Nicola Cicero, Patrizia Lo Cascio
Summary: This study found that spirulina has an immunostimulant effect on zebrafish liver macrophages, increasing their numbers and inducing aggregation. These findings are not only significant for studying complementary feed for fish immune cells but also contribute to a better understanding of the immune mechanisms in vertebrates.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Donatella Ambroselli, Fabrizio Masciulli, Enrico Romano, Giuseppina Catanzaro, Zein Mersini Besharat, Maria Chiara Massari, Elisabetta Ferretti, Silvia Migliaccio, Luana Izzo, Alberto Ritieni, Michela Grosso, Caterina Formichi, Francesco Dotta, Francesco Frigerio, Eleonora Barbiera, Anna Maria Giusti, Cinzia Ingallina, Luisa Mannina
Summary: The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has changed over time due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria. MetS is associated with a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Complications of MetS include cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic factors, human microbiota, and diet play complex roles in the predisposition to MetS. This review summarizes the literature of the past decade on MetS, including its definition, pathophysiology, treatment approaches, prediction and diagnosis using advanced methodologies, and the role of specific foods in prevention and/or treatment.
Correction
Polymer Science
Sajan Jose, Thomas A. A. Cinu, Rosmy Sebastian, M. H. Shoja, N. A. Aleykutty, Alessandra Durazzo, Massimo Lucarini, Antonello Santini, Eliana B. B. Souto
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ernesta Tolpeznikaite, Vadims Bartkevics, Anna Skrastina, Romans Pavlenko, Ernestas Mockus, Egle Zokaityte, Vytaute Starkute, Dovile Klupsaite, Romas Ruibys, Joao Miguel Rocha, Antonello Santini, Elena Bartkiene
Summary: The aim of this study was to select a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain to convert Spirulina into a high concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) for use in human and animal nutrition. Ten different LAB strains and two fermentation conditions were tested. Spirulina was found to be a suitable substrate for fermentation, and Levilactobacillus brevis showed the lowest pH value in the 48-hour solid state fermentation. The highest concentration of GABA was found in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei samples in the 48-hour solid state fermentation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alfonso Narvaez, Luana Izzo, Luigi Castaldo, Sonia Lombardi, Yelko Rodriguez-Carrasco, Alberto Ritieni
Summary: Breakfast cereals are highly susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, posing a concerning risk to human health, especially for children. This study aimed to monitor multiple mycotoxins in Italian breakfast cereal samples using advanced analytical techniques. The results revealed that 93% of the samples contained at least one mycotoxin, with beauvericin being the most prevalent toxin. Multiple mycotoxins were found to co-occur in 73% of the positive samples. These findings highlight the need for improved analytical methodologies to detect non-regulated mycotoxins that may go unnoticed with current methods.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Raffaella Gianferri, Fabio Sciubba, Alessandra Durazzo, Paolo Gabrielli, Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia, Francesca Giorgi, Antonello Santini, Petra Engel, Maria Enrica Di Cocco, Maurizio Delfini, Massimo Lucarini
Summary: This research used TD-NMR experiments to study the microstructure and physical compartments of two Italian hazelnut cultivars, and identified differences between them. The findings provide important information for the definitions of PDO and PGI.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Grazina Juodeikiene, Karolina Trakselyte-Rupsiene, Karolina Reikertaite, Elizabet Janic Hajnal, Vadims Bartkevics, Iveta Pugajeva, Valentas Gruzauskas, Mantas Svazas, Romas Gruzauskas, Antonello Santini, Joao Miguel Rocha, Elena Bartkiene
Summary: This study focused on evaluating the effect of fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its conjugates in Fusarium spp.-contaminated barley wholemeal (BWP). It was found that fermentation had a significant reduction effect on DON and its conjugates, with Lc. casei strain achieving the highest reduction rate of 47% for DON.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elena Bartkiene, Vytaute Starkute, Ieva Jomantaite, Egle Zokaityte, Ernestas Mockus, Ernesta Tolpeznikaite, Gintare Zokaityte, Penka Petrova, Antonello Santini, Joao Miguel Rocha, Fatih Ozogul, Dovile Klupsaite
Summary: The purpose of this experiment was to develop a multifunctional nutraceutical composition using different ingredients with various health benefits. Fermentation was carried out to improve the functional properties of certain ingredients. The results showed that fermentation affected the pH and color of the ingredients. Fermented spirulina and bovine colostrum had higher concentrations of certain acids, and fermented bovine colostrum had reduced bacterial counts. The three-layer nutraceutical containing fermented spirulina, fermented bovine colostrum, and apple cider vinegar showed high overall acceptability. This study suggests that this nutraceutical combination has great potential in producing a multifunctional product with improved functionality and acceptability.
Article
Plant Sciences
Aurora Cirillo, Giulia Graziani, Lucia De Luca, Marco Cepparulo, Alberto Ritieni, Raffaele Romano, Claudio Di Vaio
Summary: The effects of climate change on Mediterranean regions have led to increased drought periods and extreme temperatures. The use of anti-transpirant products, such as kaolin, has been found to reduce the damage caused by extreme environmental conditions on olive plants. This study evaluated the effect of kaolin on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of drupes and oil in a little-known olive cultivar. The results showed that kaolin treatments increased the oil content, anthocyanins, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and certain fatty acids in the drupes and oil of the olive cultivar.
Article
Agronomy
Rossella Vadala, Vincenzo Nava, Vincenzo Lo Turco, Angela Giorgia Potorti, Rosaria Costa, Rossana Rando, Hedi Ben Mansour, Nawres Ben Amor, Asma Beltifa, Antonello Santini, Giuseppa Di Bella
Summary: The reclaim of less-used plant sources is a sustainable alternative to meet the growing demand for healthy and eco-friendly foods. This study analyzed the phytochemical profile of several commercial edible oils and found that wheat germ oil had the highest nutritional impact, while pumpkin seed oil had high levels of squalene and is considered a valuable functional food. Nigella oil had the highest total polyphenolic content, justifying its stability and antioxidant properties. Daily consumption of bitter almond or souchet oil can contribute to alpha-tocopherol intake and provide beneficial effects on human health and nutrition.
Article
Horticulture
Aurora Cirillo, Lucia De Luca, Luana Izzo, Marco Cepparulo, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni, Raffaele Romano, Claudio Di Vaio
Summary: The Vesuvian apricot includes numerous varieties originating from the same production area and with a long tradition of cultivation. The presence of secondary metabolites, many of which act as antioxidants, makes apricot fruit and its derivatives important for human health. This study analyzed 12 Vesuvian apricot accessions using chemical-physical and nutraceutical analyses. The results showed a wide range of organoleptic characteristics in Vesuvian apricot accessions, providing options for consumers and processors.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Beatriz N. Guedes, Faezeh Fathi, Amelia M. Silva, Antonello Santini, M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, Eliana B. Souto
Summary: Prickly pear, also known as Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI), is a beneficial plant with dietary fibers, vitamins and various bioactive compounds. This article reviews its nutritional composition, biological activities, and extraction techniques commonly used for different parts of the plant.
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Silvia Tagliamonte, Roberta Barone Lumaga, Francesca De Filippis, Vincenzo Valentino, Rosalia Ferracane, Mathilde Guerville, Ivana Gandolfi, Giovanni Barbara, Danilo Ercolini, Paola Vitaglione
Summary: Despite not being lactose intolerant, many healthy individuals experience gastrointestinal discomfort after consuming milk. This study aimed to explore the digestion of milk protein and related physiological responses in individuals reporting gastrointestinal discomfort. The findings revealed that these individuals had slower milk protein digestion, lower hormone responses, and higher serum DPPIV activity compared to individuals without gastrointestinal discomfort.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Maria Giordano, Michele Ciriello, Luigi Formisano, Christophe El-Nakhel, Antonio Pannico, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni, Marios C. Kyriacou, Youssef Rouphael, Stefania De Pascale
Summary: The success of space missions and colonization of extraterrestrial environments require ensuring adequate nutrition for astronauts and independence from terrestrial resources. Microgreens, such as tatsoi, coriander, green basil, and purple basil, can provide a balanced diet and improve the overall nutraceutical profile of astronaut meals. The addition of potassium iodide (KI) at different concentrations increased the level of iodine (I) in the microgreens, resulting in improved antioxidant activity and increased concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Isabella S. A. Peres, Kiara A. O. Conceicao, Larissa A. F. Silva, Nadia G. Khouri, Cristiana M. P. Yoshida, Viktor O. C. Concha, Massimo Lucarini, Alessandra Durazzo, Antonello Santini, Eliana B. Souto, Patricia Severino
Summary: This article discusses the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications of Dragon's Blood, focusing on its antioxidant properties. Through literature research analysis, the current status and future development directions of this topic are explored. The study reveals that Dragon's Blood extracts possess various activities such as anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antidiarrheal, anticancer, antirheumatic, antiseptic, and antioxidant effects, which provide novel perspectives for its use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI
(2023)
