Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Youhong Peng, Kesong Miao, Wei Sun, Chenglu Liu, Hao Wu, Lin Geng, Guohua Fan
Summary: Characterizing the microstructure and deformation mechanism of metallic materials is crucial for understanding the microstructure-property relationship. Advanced synchrotron radiation facilities have enabled non-destructive visualization of full-field structural information in three dimensions, contributing to significant progress in recent decades. Future innovations in next-generation synchrotron radiation and emerging technologies hold great potential for further advancements in material characterization.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tomoya Nagira, Terumi Nakamura, Fumiyoshi Yoshinaka, Takahiro Sawaguchi, Yasuhiro Aoki, Masayoshi Kamai, Hidetoshi Fujii, Akihisa Takeuchi, Masayuki Uesugi
Summary: In this study, the dendrite-scale microstructural evolution of Fe-Mn-Si alloys during TIG spot welding was observed using high-spatial resolution X-ray imaging and diffraction. The solidification mode was found to significantly influence the susceptibility to solidification cracking.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin F. Tan, Manjin Kim, Qinfen Gu, Julio Pinzon Piraquive, Guang Zeng, Stuart D. McDonald, Kazuhiro Nogita
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Na in hypo-eutectic Mg-lwt.%Si alloys for H-2 storage applications. The addition of trace amounts of Na is vital in improving the H-2 sorption kinetics, achieving a high storage capacity. The study also analyzes the hydrogen sorption mechanisms and identifies the role of Na in facilitating hydrogen diffusion.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Patricia Freitas Rodrigues, Hatim Reshie, Talita Gama de Sousa, Andersan dos Santos Paula, Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes, Ritwik Basu
Summary: This study conducted a detailed microstructural analysis during the fabrication stages of NiTi orthodontic archwire, focusing on phase transformation characteristics. Different sample conditions were prepared and studied using electron back-scattered diffraction and synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction techniques. The results showed variations in microstructures in terms of local misorientation and grain boundary fractions, with possible precipitation of Ni4Ti3 and Ni3Ti observed. The transformation temperatures, Ms and Mf, were found to be influenced by factors such as grain boundary fractions and stored energy, affecting the driving force for phase transformation.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
D. V. Lazurenko, G. D. Dovzhenko, V. V. Lozanov, I. Y. Petrov, T. S. Ogneva, K. I. Emurlaev, I. A. Bataev
Summary: It has been found that the addition of transition metals Mn and Pt can retain the Ti5Al11 phase at room temperature. Through experiments and density functional theory predictions, it was discovered that the addition of Mn and Pt significantly reduces the total energy, volume, and bond length of the Ti5Al11 compound, thereby suppressing the Ti5Al11 -> TiAl transformation and preserving the lattice tetragonality, ultimately leading to the retention of the Ti5Al11 phase at room temperature.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yury Shubin, Yury Bauman, Pavel E. Plyusnin, Ilya Mishakov, Maria S. Tarasenko, Maxim S. Mel'gunov, Vladimir O. Stoyanovskii, Aleksey A. Vedyagin
Summary: In this study, sponge-like porous Ni-Mo-W alloys were prepared as catalysts for the catalytic chemical vapor deposition of 1,2-dichloroethane. The synthesis of the alloys was performed via high-temperature reductive thermolysis of multicomponent precursors, showing synergistic effects of Mo and W on process efficiency during the decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane. The catalytic activity of the alloys was studied in a flow-through reactor at 600 degrees C for 2 hours.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bijil Subhash, Raymond R. Unocic, William Hadinata Lie, Leighanne C. Gallington, Joshua Wright, Soshan Cheong, Richard D. Tilley, Nicholas M. Bedford
Summary: The recent breakthrough in creating high-entropy alloy nanocatalysts (HEAs) has shown the potential for multielemental interactions that surpass the limitations of binary and ternary electrocatalysts. However, the complex surface configurations of HEAs pose a challenge in understanding their active structures and establishing structure-function relationships for catalyst design. In this study, we present a successful method for creating sub-5 nm HEAs using a peptide-directed route and demonstrate how peptide-induced changes in atomic structure and chemical miscibility can improve catalytic properties. Our findings provide insights into the complex interplay between multiple metals in HEAs and pave the way for future materials design.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qing Tan, Zhiran Yan, Runguang Li, Yang Ren, Yandong Wang, Baptiste Gault, Stoichko Antonov
Summary: This study investigates the deformation behavior of hydrogen-charged commercially pure titanium using in-situ high energy X-ray diffraction. The results reveal that the peak broadening in the diffusion patterns is caused by high internal and interphase stresses generated within and around the hydrides due to volume expansion caused by phase transformation. The hydrides exhibit high strength but brittle secondary phase behavior and sustain larger strains than the matrix. This study provides valuable insights into hydride deformation behavior and hydrogen embrittlement in titanium and zirconium.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Asaf Dana, Emil Bronstein, Eilon Faran, Veijo Honkimaki, Klaus-Dieter Liss, Doron Shilo
Summary: The martensitic transformation in shape memory alloys is known to be very fast. However, its rate in bulk materials that serve in common actuator applications is still an open question. In this study, the researchers induced the martensitic transformation in a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy wire using a high-voltage microsecond superheating pulse, and tracked its rate using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. They found that the transformation rate follows the rate of heating, completing most of the process within approximately 1 µs, but a part of the transformation continues at much slower time scales of several tens of microseconds.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
L. Millan, G. Bokuchava, R. Fernandez, I Papushkin, G. Gonzalez-Doncel
Summary: The stress equilibrium (SE) method is a powerful tool for calculating the un-stressed lattice parameter a(0) to determine residual stress (RS) by diffraction techniques. It is particularly useful in exploring the effects of microstructural factors on macroscopic residual stress and can address complex cases that have not been fully exploited.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Leyun Wang, Zhe Song, Xuan Zhang, Jun-Sang Park, Jonathan Almer, Gaoming Zhu, Yiwen Chen, Quan Li, Xiaoqin Zeng, Yanjun Li
Summary: Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an advanced technology for creating metallic components with complex geometry. By tailoring the alloy composition, the ductility and mechanical isotropy of LPBF Ti64 components can be significantly improved.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rachel E. Lim, Darren C. Pagan, Donald E. Boyce, Joel Bernier, Paul A. Shade, Anthony D. Rollett
Summary: This study utilized high energy x-ray diffraction microscopy to investigate the anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion for Ti-7Al alloy. It was found that grain-level internal stresses are affected by crystal structure changes and the dissolution of precipitates.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andi Idhil Ismail, Moukrane Dehmas, Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier, Benoit Appolaire
Summary: The phase transformation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated during rapid heating, and the study showed that the heating rate had an influence on the phase transformation behavior. Higher heating rates resulted in a higher dissolution temperature range for the α phase and a narrower temperature range for the phase transformation. The stress level and/or chemical heterogeneity in the β phase decreased with time at high temperatures. Despite the high heating rate, the dissolution kinetics of the α phase were still diffusion-controlled.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ching Kiat Yong, Elspeth M. Keating, Darren J. Hughes, Thomas Connolley, Geoff West, Chow Cher Wong, Gregory J. Gibbons
Summary: For the first time, the through-thickness residual strain profile of an additively-manufactured IN718 sample due to laser shock peening (LSP) is demonstrated. This provides valuable insights into the potential of using LSP to extend the fatigue life of additively-manufactured samples. The peening process led to significant beneficial compressive in-plane residual strains, extending to a depth of 1.0mm.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bhupendra Sharma, Benoit Denand, Petr Harcuba, Guillaume Geandier, Kei Ameyama, Guy Dirras, Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier
Summary: This study focused on the formation of harmonic microstructures in a metastable beta titanium alloy, the p-Cez alloy. By mechanical milling of the initial powder and Spark Plasma Sintering process, a harmonic structure was obtained. The presence of stress/strain induced martensite and the influence of initial powder state on the formation of alpha arrangement were observed during the process.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guohua Zhao, Xin Xu, David Dye, Pedro E. J. Rivera-Diaz-del-Castillo, Nik Petrinic
Summary: This study reported a method to deploy transformation-mediated strengthening in titanium alloys by supervised activation of TRIP and TWIP through mechanism-driven modelling, improving the mechanical properties of materials. By developing new alloys, notable resistance to strain localization was achieved, along with significant strain-hardening effects.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vassili A. Vorontsov, Thomas P. McAuliffe, Mark C. Hardy, David Dye, Ioannis Bantounas
Summary: The tensile creep performance of a polycrystalline Co/Ni-base superalloy with a multimodal gamma' distribution was studied at 800 degrees C and 300 MPa. The rupture life of the alloy was comparable to that of RR1000 tested under similar conditions. Microstructural examination revealed the presence of continuous gamma' precipitates and M23C6 carbides along the grain boundaries, as well as the coarsening of the secondary gamma' precipitates. Long planar deformation bands, identified as microtwins, were observed along with the depletion of gamma' stabilising elements. The mechanism for precipitate dissolution was suggested to be the Kolbe reordering mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Oliver Levano Blanch, Daniel Suarez Fernandez, Alex Graves, Martin Jackson
Summary: Technological advancements in functionally graded multi-material manufacture have the potential to revolutionize the aerospace industry by providing tailored component design for improved performance. The study evaluated the challenges faced when machining billets consisting of multiple alloys, finding significant differences in machining response and surface damage depending on the alloy pairings and machining direction.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Cheng Zhang, Yue Guo, Chongming Wang, Shen Li, Oliver Curnick, Tazdin Amietszajew, Rohit Bhagat
Summary: This paper proposes a novel DoE method that combines partial discharge test and deep discharge test to improve the accuracy of equivalent circuit models for lithium-ion batteries. Experimental results show that the new method can significantly reduce the root mean square error and improve the accuracy of SoC estimation compared to traditional DoE methods.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Xu, T. W. J. Kwok, P. Gong, D. Dye
Summary: The novel concept of varying the strain hardening rate of medium Mn steel by adjusting the intercritical annealing duration was explored, revealing a relationship between austenite stability and strain hardening rate. The continuous Mn enrichment with increasing intercritical annealing duration was found to be the cause of the change in austenite stability. Twinned martensite was identified as the likely product of martensitic transformation during deformation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuejiu Zheng, Kang Pang, Chaojie Xu, Teng Su, Bhagat Rohit, Yue Guo, Xuebing Han
Summary: This paper proposes an online estimation method based on the charging curve similarity principle to address the inconsistency issue among cells in electric vehicle battery pack. The capacity and SOC difference are estimated using the charging time differences, and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of this method. Furthermore, the robustness of the method is verified using EV cloud data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alex Graves, Oliver Levano Blanch, Daniel Suarez Fernandez, Martin Jackson
Summary: The manufacturing of components with specific material properties in subcomponent regions is highly desired. Diffusion bonding titanium alloy powder using FAST has shown potential, but machining strategy needs to be better understood. This study investigates the drilling machinability of FAST diffusion bonded titanium alloys and highlights the importance of alloy chemistry and bond composition on surface quality and process stability.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Thomas Childerhouse, Rachid M'Saoubi, Luiz Franca, Nick Weston, Pete Crawforth, Martin Jackson
Summary: Accurate fatigue life predictions of titanium alloy components requires an understanding of how the machining affected metallurgical and micro-mechanical subsurface condition influences fatigue crack nucleation and growth. This study investigates the influence of surface integrity features generated during carbide and highspeed polycrystalline diamond machining on the fatigue behaviour of coarse and fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V. Mechanically induced compressive residual stresses, promoted by higher feed rates and the larger cutting edge radii of carbide tools, have been demonstrated to provide an overriding enhancing effect on fatigue life due to crack initiation suppression and reducing the deleterious effects of microstructural deformation and surface imperfections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
T. W. J. Kwok, P. Gong, R. Rose, D. Dye
Summary: Two different microstructures of medium Mn steel were obtained through different approaches in hot rolling mill, showing a simultaneous twinning induced plasticity and transformation induced plasticity (TWIP + TRIP) mechanism. However, twinning contributed relatively little to the strength of the alloy, mainly due to the small initial slip lengths that reduced the opportunity for grain work hardening.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. W. J. Kwok, D. Dye
Summary: Medium Mn steels are emerging third-generation advanced high-strength steels with high strengths, large ductilities, and lower costs compared to their predecessor high Mn TWIP steels. They exhibit TWIP and/or TRIP effects, which contribute to a high strain hardening rate. The current review focuses on the alloy design, processing, microstructure, and property relationships of medium Mn steels, complementing the review by Sun et al. [Physical metallurgy of medium-Mn advanced high-strength steels, Int Mater Rev. 2023.], which primarily discusses phase interfaces and thermodynamics.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Taylor, V. Janik, R. Grimes, R. Dashwood
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nickel additions on a commercially available AA7020 aluminum alloy, aiming to understand the influence of resulting intermetallics on recrystallization, formability, and material strength. Elevated temperature tensile testing and gas bulge testing were conducted to evaluate material ductility and formability, respectively. The results showed that the nickel additions improved the ductility and strength of the material due to the formation of nickel rich intermetallics, which refined the microstructure and enhanced strength through precipitation hardening.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Thomas Childerhouse, Rachid M'Saoubi, Luiz F. P. Franca, Pete Crawforth, Martin Jackson
Summary: Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is being developed as a new cutting tool material for titanium alloy machining. The high temperature hardness of PCD can improve productivity by enabling higher cutting speeds. This study examines the performance of different PCD tool grades in milling Ti-54M, and finds that smaller grain size offers better tool life due to superior fracture toughness. The study also compares the surface integrity of PCD and carbide machining, and shows that PCD results in lower microstructural damage and cutting forces.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
B. Fernandez Silva, M. Jackson, K. Fox, B. P. Wynne
Summary: Microtexture heterogeneities, known as macrozones, are commonly found in titanium forgings due to thermomechanical processing, leading to reduced resistance to crack propagation. Efforts have been made to define and characterize macrozones, with the development of a computational tool using MATLAB for automatic macrozone identification based on a conservative approach. The tool allows for the detection of macrozones based on disorientation angle and density-fraction criteria, and has been successfully applied to various microstructures of titanium forgings.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Beatriz Fernandez Silva, Oliver Levano Blanch, Kam Sagoo, Martin Jackson
Summary: Titanium alloys are important for armour designers due to their high ballistic mass efficiency. However, their high cost limits their use in military land-based vehicles. This study investigates the effect of different processing routes on the microstructure, texture, ballistic performance, and deformation modes of Ti-6Al-4V armour plate. The rolled plate exhibited the best performance due to a strong transverse-type texture perpendicular to the projectile direction.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Xin Lai, Quanwei Chen, Xiaopeng Tang, Yuanqiang Zhou, Furong Gao, Yue Guo, Rohit Bhagat, Yuejiu Zheng
Summary: This study reviews the framework and methods of life cycle assessment (LCA) and evaluates the entire lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The results show that battery production significantly impacts the environment and resources, while battery materials recycling and remanufacturing have considerable environmental and economic values. Moreover, greening of electricity is critical to reducing carbon emissions during the battery life cycle.