Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Stenio Cristaldo Heck, Marcelo Falcao de Oliveira, Eduardo Radovanovic
Summary: In this study, low-purity titanium metal was successfully produced using natural rutile sand through the FFC process. The process parameters were optimized to improve the reaction rate.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Hao Ge, Ying Yu, Le Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a virtual restoration network for ancient murals based on global-local feature extraction and structural information guidance. The network consists of two sub-networks, which predict and generate structural information and image contents for the missing mural regions. The authors also introduce an innovative BranchBlock module to extract and integrate local and global features effectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other comparative approaches in terms of structural continuity, color harmony, and visual rationality, achieving comparatively high quantitative evaluation metrics.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Hou-Tsen Chen, Wei Wu
Summary: This study focuses on the design of green solvent production of ethyl lactate, including conventional reactive distillation design and three designs of reactive distillation column (Design-1, Design-2, and Design-3). The binary interaction parameters from three thermodynamic models (UNIQUAC, UNIFAC, NRTL) were validated. Process simulation and economic evaluation were conducted using Aspen Plus. The results showed that Design-1 is the optimal solution, reducing the total capital cost by 57.3% and the total operating cost by 17.5%.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
G. Galuppini, L. Magni, G. Ferrante
Summary: Magnetic field stability is crucial for NMR and MRI experiments, with recent studies using control system theory to propose a model based approach for FFC-NMR field controllers. The challenges and potential research directions for developing a model based FFL system for FFC-MRI are discussed in this perspective paper.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wanqing Chen, Md. Joynul Abedin, Titon Barua, Meysam Sharifzadeh Mirshekarloo, Sally El Meragawi, Mainak Majumder
Summary: Continuous flow manufacturing is being adapted to the production of nanomaterials, such as holey graphene oxides (hGOs), to achieve consistent product characteristics at a large scale. A flow photochemical system is developed for the synthesis of hGOs, which is fast, scalable, and reproducible. The produced hGOs out-perform graphene oxide (GO) in various applications, indicating the potential of industrializing 2D nanomaterials at a low cost.
Article
Thermodynamics
Panagiotis Alexandros Argyris, Jared Wong, Andrew Wright, Luis M. C. Pereira, Vincenzo Spallina
Summary: A thorough techno-economic analysis compared inherent carbon capture with state-of-the-art blue hydrogen production configurations. The study simulated and compared advanced solvent-based technologies with the emerging chemical looping process. The results showed that the chemical looping reforming process had higher net reforming efficiency, lower energy for CO2 avoidance, and lower cost of hydrogen, making it a promising technology for hydrogen production.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nedasadat Saadati Ardestani, Mitra Amani
Summary: Nanoparticles of Anthraquinone Violet 3RN (AV3RN) pigment were successfully produced using the supercritical gas antisolvent (GAS) process. Optimum operational conditions resulted in nanoparticles with a size of 110.2 nm, higher solubility, and narrow size distribution.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiaoming Gao, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman, Hanee F. Hizaddin, Archina Buthiyappan, Mustapha M. Bello
Summary: This study developed a Reconciled Friendly Process Metric (RFPM) for generating Friendlier Chemical Processes (FCP) through Systematic Inherent Safety (SIS) modifications. By selecting and adapting prestigious inherent SHE and cost metrics to measure friendliness features, then reconciling them through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE), the RFPM was validated through biodiesel production process. The results showed that the modified design was inherently friendlier than the base design, indicating the potential of RFPM as a tool for indicating the friendliness of processing scenarios and making trade-offs among safety, health, environmental, and cost concerns during design stage.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ragad F. Alshebli, Burak Yuzer, Yusuf Bicer
Summary: The primary purpose of the electrodialysis process is to desalinate saline water, and in this study, it is found that hydrogen gas can also be generated at the cathode side. The potential of hydrogen gas generation in an electrodialysis system desalinating sodium sulfate solution is investigated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yue Wang, Christian Wurzer, Wenli Wang, Yichen Liu, Longfei Liu, Xiaoyan Lv, Ondrej Masek, Changwei Hu
Summary: Pyrolysis of pubescens pretreated by torrefaction was investigated through one-step and stepwise processes. Stepwise processing yielded higher cumulative yield of small molecular compounds, including monosaccharides, carboxylic acids, furans, and monophenols, compared to one-step pyrolysis. Different temperature ranges affected the production of different compounds.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu Zhao, Xinke Li, Xing Fan, Hongshuai Wang, Yunliang Liu, Yuanyuan Chen, Tianyu Yang, Jing Ye, Hui Huang, Haitao Li, Xiaohong Zhang, Yang Liu, Haiping Lin, Zhenhui Kang
Summary: This study demonstrates a strategy to produce H2O2 with high yield using an organophotocatalyst, H2O, and O-2 as raw materials under ambient condition. The phase-transfer photocatalytic process involving both photocatalytic reduction of O-2 and photocatalytic oxidation of H2O is found to be the key to achieving high efficiency in H2O2 production.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Anderson, Kathirvel Brindhadevi, Saleh H. Salmen, Tahani Awad Alahmadi, Anna Marouskova, M. Sangeetha, Manigandan Sekar
Summary: In this study, a photovoltaic hybrid thermal system was fabricated to effectively increase the production of electric output, and a PV/T system was also designed to produce hydrogen through electrolysis of water. The introduction of nanoparticles as cooling agents reduced the negative effects of high cell temperatures on electric output, and nanofluids MWCNT and Fe2O3 were examined for their potential to enhance electric output production without significant energy loss. The highest electrical output and thermal efficiency were obtained at 12.30 P.M., and the maximum hydrogen production was observed from 12.15 P.M. to 13.00 P.M.. The implementation of this method compensates for energy loss and achieves superior electrical output compared to conventional methods, and the use of the electrolyzer attached to the hybrid system allows for hydrogen generation and storage for future energy use.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qiao Li, Zhongzheng Deng, Yusuke Onuki, Wei Wang, Laifeng Li, Qingping Sun
Summary: Controlled cross rolling (CroR) can achieve in-plane low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of polycrystalline NiTi sheets, significantly reducing CTEs close to zero over a wide temperature range. The physical mechanism behind the in-plane low TE is explored through in situ neutron diffraction and a theoretical model, offering a new pathway for obtaining shape memory alloys (SMAs) with low thermal expansion properties.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mi Zhao, Yuman Shao, Weijie Zheng, Yonghua Luo, Jichao Qiao, Shusen Wu, Youwei Yan, Wei Guo
Summary: A porous B2-NiTi compound with fine pore size and homogeneous pore distribution has been successfully fabricated, showing excellent damping capacity and mechanical properties. Control of pore size and porosity allows for tuning of material performance.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xuerun Zhang, Xiufang Cui, Guo Jin, Yingpeng Qi, Qi Zhang, Qilong Ding, Meng Qi
Summary: This study reported a strategy to enhance the ductility of NbNiTaTi RHEA by applying the eutectic reaction, and found that the ultrafine eutectic structure contributed to the improved ductility of the alloy. Additionally, the BCC phase with high solidification temperature improved the high temperature stability of the alloy, which also showed good corrosion resistance.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jaclyn L. Cann, Anthony De Luca, David C. Dunand, David Dye, Daniel B. Miracle, Hyun Seok Oh, Elsa A. Olivetti, Tresa M. Pollock, Warren J. Poole, Rui Yang, C. Cem Tasan
Summary: Exciting metallurgical breakthroughs in recent decades have ushered in a new era in metals design, with the urgent need for new metallic materials to address current engineering challenges. While the environmental impact of the metallurgical industry is significant, the design of new metallic materials with improved properties can help tackle key environmental challenges.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guohua Zhao, Xin Xu, David Dye, Pedro E. J. Rivera-Diaz-del-Castillo, Nik Petrinic
Summary: This study reported a method to deploy transformation-mediated strengthening in titanium alloys by supervised activation of TRIP and TWIP through mechanism-driven modelling, improving the mechanical properties of materials. By developing new alloys, notable resistance to strain localization was achieved, along with significant strain-hardening effects.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vassili A. Vorontsov, Thomas P. McAuliffe, Mark C. Hardy, David Dye, Ioannis Bantounas
Summary: The tensile creep performance of a polycrystalline Co/Ni-base superalloy with a multimodal gamma' distribution was studied at 800 degrees C and 300 MPa. The rupture life of the alloy was comparable to that of RR1000 tested under similar conditions. Microstructural examination revealed the presence of continuous gamma' precipitates and M23C6 carbides along the grain boundaries, as well as the coarsening of the secondary gamma' precipitates. Long planar deformation bands, identified as microtwins, were observed along with the depletion of gamma' stabilising elements. The mechanism for precipitate dissolution was suggested to be the Kolbe reordering mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Oliver Levano Blanch, Daniel Suarez Fernandez, Alex Graves, Martin Jackson
Summary: Technological advancements in functionally graded multi-material manufacture have the potential to revolutionize the aerospace industry by providing tailored component design for improved performance. The study evaluated the challenges faced when machining billets consisting of multiple alloys, finding significant differences in machining response and surface damage depending on the alloy pairings and machining direction.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Xu, T. W. J. Kwok, P. Gong, D. Dye
Summary: The novel concept of varying the strain hardening rate of medium Mn steel by adjusting the intercritical annealing duration was explored, revealing a relationship between austenite stability and strain hardening rate. The continuous Mn enrichment with increasing intercritical annealing duration was found to be the cause of the change in austenite stability. Twinned martensite was identified as the likely product of martensitic transformation during deformation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alex Graves, Oliver Levano Blanch, Daniel Suarez Fernandez, Martin Jackson
Summary: The manufacturing of components with specific material properties in subcomponent regions is highly desired. Diffusion bonding titanium alloy powder using FAST has shown potential, but machining strategy needs to be better understood. This study investigates the drilling machinability of FAST diffusion bonded titanium alloys and highlights the importance of alloy chemistry and bond composition on surface quality and process stability.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Thomas Childerhouse, Rachid M'Saoubi, Luiz Franca, Nick Weston, Pete Crawforth, Martin Jackson
Summary: Accurate fatigue life predictions of titanium alloy components requires an understanding of how the machining affected metallurgical and micro-mechanical subsurface condition influences fatigue crack nucleation and growth. This study investigates the influence of surface integrity features generated during carbide and highspeed polycrystalline diamond machining on the fatigue behaviour of coarse and fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V. Mechanically induced compressive residual stresses, promoted by higher feed rates and the larger cutting edge radii of carbide tools, have been demonstrated to provide an overriding enhancing effect on fatigue life due to crack initiation suppression and reducing the deleterious effects of microstructural deformation and surface imperfections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
T. W. J. Kwok, P. Gong, R. Rose, D. Dye
Summary: Two different microstructures of medium Mn steel were obtained through different approaches in hot rolling mill, showing a simultaneous twinning induced plasticity and transformation induced plasticity (TWIP + TRIP) mechanism. However, twinning contributed relatively little to the strength of the alloy, mainly due to the small initial slip lengths that reduced the opportunity for grain work hardening.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Felicity F. Worsnop, Rachel E. Lim, Joel Bernier, Darren C. Pagan, Yilun Xu, Thomas P. McAuliffe, David Rugg, David Dye
Summary: In this study, stress bursts at the scale of individual grains were observed using high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy, revealing the effect of precipitation and trace impurities on slip bursts. By reducing the magnitude of slip bursts and increasing the frequency of smaller events, trace impurities contribute to the reduction of dwell fatigue.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Samuel R. Rogers, Jaimie Daure, Philip Shipway, David Stewart, David Dye
Summary: Research and development of wear-resistant steels is being carried out to reduce cobalt within the primary circuit of PWR's. The focus is on understanding galling mechanisms, particularly prevalent in PWR valves. Findings show that large shear stresses and adhesive transfer occur during galling due to the difference in manganese content between 304L and 316L stainless steels, even at relatively low compressive stresses of 50MPa.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. W. J. Kwok, D. Dye
Summary: Medium Mn steels are emerging third-generation advanced high-strength steels with high strengths, large ductilities, and lower costs compared to their predecessor high Mn TWIP steels. They exhibit TWIP and/or TRIP effects, which contribute to a high strain hardening rate. The current review focuses on the alloy design, processing, microstructure, and property relationships of medium Mn steels, complementing the review by Sun et al. [Physical metallurgy of medium-Mn advanced high-strength steels, Int Mater Rev. 2023.], which primarily discusses phase interfaces and thermodynamics.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Taylor, V. Janik, R. Grimes, R. Dashwood
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nickel additions on a commercially available AA7020 aluminum alloy, aiming to understand the influence of resulting intermetallics on recrystallization, formability, and material strength. Elevated temperature tensile testing and gas bulge testing were conducted to evaluate material ductility and formability, respectively. The results showed that the nickel additions improved the ductility and strength of the material due to the formation of nickel rich intermetallics, which refined the microstructure and enhanced strength through precipitation hardening.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Thomas Childerhouse, Rachid M'Saoubi, Luiz F. P. Franca, Pete Crawforth, Martin Jackson
Summary: Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is being developed as a new cutting tool material for titanium alloy machining. The high temperature hardness of PCD can improve productivity by enabling higher cutting speeds. This study examines the performance of different PCD tool grades in milling Ti-54M, and finds that smaller grain size offers better tool life due to superior fracture toughness. The study also compares the surface integrity of PCD and carbide machining, and shows that PCD results in lower microstructural damage and cutting forces.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
B. Fernandez Silva, M. Jackson, K. Fox, B. P. Wynne
Summary: Microtexture heterogeneities, known as macrozones, are commonly found in titanium forgings due to thermomechanical processing, leading to reduced resistance to crack propagation. Efforts have been made to define and characterize macrozones, with the development of a computational tool using MATLAB for automatic macrozone identification based on a conservative approach. The tool allows for the detection of macrozones based on disorientation angle and density-fraction criteria, and has been successfully applied to various microstructures of titanium forgings.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Beatriz Fernandez Silva, Oliver Levano Blanch, Kam Sagoo, Martin Jackson
Summary: Titanium alloys are important for armour designers due to their high ballistic mass efficiency. However, their high cost limits their use in military land-based vehicles. This study investigates the effect of different processing routes on the microstructure, texture, ballistic performance, and deformation modes of Ti-6Al-4V armour plate. The rolled plate exhibited the best performance due to a strong transverse-type texture perpendicular to the projectile direction.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)