Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Heather M. Giannini, Clement Lee, Cameron Baston, Daniel Dorgan
Summary: A 42-year-old woman with a 3-day history of shortness of breath, fatigue, and cough productive of thick, yellow-green sputum, as well as low-grade fevers and chills, presented to the ED.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon, Andrei Shleifer
Summary: The study finds that diagnostic expectations can affect the price formation process, leading to price paths that go through three phases: initial underreaction, overshooting (bubble), and finally a crash. Learning from prices and speculation further amplify this effect, and even mild diagnostic distortions can generate substantial bubbles.
JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Sevtap Tugce Ulas, Felix Radny, Katharina Ziegeler, Iris Eshed, Juliane Greese, Dominik Deppe, Carsten Stelbrink, Robert Biesen, Hildrun Haibel, Valeria Rios Rodriguez, Judith Rademacher, Mikhail Protopopov, Fabian Proft, Denis Poddubnyy, Torsten Diekhoff
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether self-reported diagnostic confidence can predict diagnostic accuracy in axial spondyloarthritis imaging. The results showed significant differences in diagnostic confidence between correct and incorrect responses for all imaging modalities, and self-reported diagnostic confidence can serve as useful information to predict diagnostic reliability.
Article
Immunology
Anette Tarp Hansen, Anna Soderstrom, Charlotte Svaerke Jorgensen, Carsten Schade Larsen, Mikkel Steen Petersen, Jens Magnus Bernth Jensen
Summary: The study found that only 17% of adult patients with suspected primary immunodeficiency diseases fully complied with the AAAAI guidelines for diagnostic vaccination, indicating the guidelines are difficult to follow. Furthermore, the arbitrary choices of serotype-specific antibodies for interpretation heavily influenced the data interpretation, revealing an inherent flaw in the guidelines. The proposed revised protocol of diagnostic vaccination, subsequent antibody measurements, and data interpretation using Z-scores provided more robust clinical results compared to interpretation according to the AAAAI guidelines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Gaetano Compagnone, Renato Padovani, Loredana D'Ercole, Antonio Orlacchio, Guglielmo Bernardi, Maria Antonietta D'Avanzo, Sveva Grande, Alessandra Palma, Francesco Campanella, Antonella Rosi
Summary: The establishment of DRL values in Italy for diagnostic and interventional procedures aims to align with the 2013/59 European Directive. The working group analyzed different radiological techniques and examinations for adult and pediatric patients, providing appropriate DRL values. Some DRL values are presented in the study, emphasizing the comparison of median values with the corresponding DRL values.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Amrapali Maitra
Summary: This passage describes how Ms. M frequently visits the emergency department for belly pain and related symptoms, but the cause of her symptoms is often unclear. Each negative test result has a negative impact on her psyche.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seohyun Kim, Sangmin Ji, Hye Ran Koh
Summary: The CRISPR-Cas system has gained attention as a diagnostic tool due to its specific gene targeting capability. This system's activities rely on target-specific binding, making it applicable for detecting disease-related genes, microRNAs, genetic variations, and also non-nucleic acid targets such as proteins.
Article
Allergy
Susie Min, Tetsuo Shoda, Ting Wen, Marc E. Rothenberg
Summary: This study investigated whether molecular mRNA profiling of a distal esophageal biopsy sample predicts eosinophilia in the proximal esophagus. The results showed a negative correlation between the distal molecular profile score and proximal eosinophil levels. Analysis of histologically negative distal biopsy samples predicted the presence of proximal esophagitis with high sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michelle. T. T. Sun, Matthew Tran, Kuldev Singh, Robert Chang, Huaizhou Wang, Yang Sun
Summary: The rising prevalence of myopia worldwide is raising concerns among clinicians due to its association with severe ocular diseases like glaucoma. Managing glaucoma in patients with high myopia can be challenging, as clinical features and imaging technology may not accurately diagnose the condition, especially in those with normal intraocular pressures. Long-term follow-up and monitoring are crucial in detecting early glaucomatous changes in high-risk myopic patients. This review discusses the complex relationship between myopia and glaucoma, as well as the limitations of current diagnostic protocols.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Masayuki Amano, Yukinori Harada, Taro Shimizu
Summary: The accumulation of optimal decision-making is crucial for achieving diagnostic excellence and preventing diagnostic errors. Diagnostic uncertainty determines the difficulty of decision-making for each team member. A theory of decision-making under high-uncertainty conditions, called effectuation, has been developed and applied to diagnostic approaches. The effectual diagnostic approach allows patients and physicians to co-create and define health issues under high uncertainty. When uncertainty decreases, traditional problem-solving methods can be utilized to achieve patient well-being.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leszek Niepolski, Anna Czekala, Monika Seget-Dubaniewicz, Magdalena Frydrychowicz, Patrycja Talarska-Markiewicz, Angelika Kowalska, Jagoda Szmelter, Wieslawa Salwa-Zurawska, Tomasz Sirek, Dawid Sobanski, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek, Jakub Zurawski
Summary: C3 glomerulopathies (C3GN) are rare kidney diseases associated with impaired complement regulation, resulting in the accumulation of complement C3 in the kidneys. This study examined biopsy specimens from 332 C3 glomerulopathy patients and used histopathological examinations, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy to diagnose and classify the disease. The results showed cases of C3GN, dense deposit disease (DDD), and a non-classified group. Electron microscopy was found to be necessary for suspected C3 glomerulopathies, especially in cases where lesions were difficult to detect with immunofluorescence microscopy.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Peter Schlattmann
Summary: This tutorial introduces statistical methods for diagnostic medicine, including concepts such as sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and predictive values, and demonstrates how to apply these concepts in practice. Using Procalcitonin as an example, it shows how to analyze data using the freely available software R.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stanislaw Maksymowicz, Tomasz Siwek
Summary: In this study, the diagnostic journey of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was investigated. The findings revealed that misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis were common, leading to inaccurate treatment and disease progression. It is crucial to enhance the clinical and communication skills of medical professionals in order to improve the diagnostic process of ALS.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Andrew B. Dagens, Amanda Rojek, Louise Sigfrid, Annette Pluddemann
Summary: A systematic review assessed the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for Ebola virus disease (EVD). The results showed that lateral flow assays had a sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 97%, while rapid PCR devices had a sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 96.8%. These RDTs can be used as a 'rule in' test to expedite treatment and vaccination.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
David Peralta, Lucia Janda, Elena Garcia de Jalon, Lucia Moreno-Izco, Ana M. Sanchez-Torres, Manuel J. Cuesta, Victor Peralta
Summary: This study examined the diagnostic stability of first-episode psychosis (FEP) diagnoses over a long-term follow-up and found that most FEP diagnoses changed over time. Family history, obstetric complications, developmental delay, and other factors were associated with the change to schizophrenia, while these factors had the opposite effect on the change to bipolar disorder. These findings suggest that FEP diagnoses other than schizophrenia or bipolar disorder should be considered provisional.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zachary A. Noel, Dair McDuffee, Martin Chilvers
Summary: Soybean seedlings are susceptible to various oomycete pathogens, with seed treatments containing a mixture of ethaboxam and metalaxyl effectively reducing oomycete isolation from lateral roots in Illinois. Despite varying probabilities in different locations and years, the study identified common oomycete species and their sensitivity to different oomicides.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kristina Petrovic, Demetra Skaltsas, Lisa A. Castlebury, Brian Kontz, Tom W. Allen, Martin Chilvers, Nancy Gregory, Heather M. Kelly, Alyssa M. Koehler, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Daren S. Mueller, Paul P. Price, Damon L. Smith, Febina M. Mathew
Summary: This study recovered 45 Diaporthe isolates from soybean fields affected by Diaporthe-associated diseases in eight U.S. states, identifying 10 different species of Diaporthe. Pathogenicity tests showed that different species of Diaporthe may cause seed decay and seedling necrosis in soybeans.
Article
Plant Sciences
Richard W. Webster, Mitchell G. Roth, Hannah Reed, Brian Mueller, Carol L. Groves, Megan McCaghey, Martin Chilvers, Daren S. Mueller, Mehdi Kabbage, Damon L. Smith
Summary: Soybean resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot was evaluated using a diverse panel of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates, leading to the identification of four soybean lines with varying levels of resistance. Field studies confirmed the efficacy of these resistant lines in preventing yield loss to the disease. Utilizing a soybean check panel to assess resistance in germplasm can facilitate breeding and commercial development of soybean varieties.
Article
Plant Sciences
Austin G. McCoy, Zachary A. Noel, Janette L. Jacobs, Kayla M. Clouse, Martin Chilvers
Summary: Identifying the pathotype structure and fungicide sensitivity of P. sojae is crucial for effective management of PRR. This survey in Michigan revealed a shift in the effectiveness of Rps genes and identified three effective resistance genes. Seed treatments were still effective for early season management of the disease.
Article
Agronomy
Hyunkyu Sang, Hao-Xun Chang, Sungyu Choi, Doeun Son, Gahee Lee, Martin I. Chilvers
Summary: The study found that several xenobiotic detoxification-related genes in Fusarium virguliforme were highly induced in response to the SDHI fungicide fluopyram. Expression of ABC or MFS transporter genes was associated with reduced sensitivity to fluopyram, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of SDHI resistance in fungi.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
J. C. Check, M. C. Aime, J. M. Byrne, M. I. Chilvers
Article
Plant Sciences
Richard W. Webster, Mitchell G. Roth, Brian D. Mueller, Daren S. Mueller, Martin Chilvers, Jaime F. Willbur, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Shawn P. Conley, Damon L. Smith
Summary: This study examines the integration of multiple management practices for Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in soybean farming. The results suggest that wide row spacing and low seeding rates can reduce SSR levels but also decrease yields. The use of fungicides strongly reduces SSR development and increases yields. However, their economic implications depend on soybean sale prices. This study provides recommendations for using specific management practices based on the history of SSR in the fields.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mirian F. Pimentel, Erika Arnao, Amanda J. Warner, Leonardo F. Rocha, Arjun Subedi, Nariman Elsharif, Martin Chilvers, Rashelle Matthiesen, Alison E. Robertson, Carl A. Bradley, Danilo L. Neves, Dianne K. Pedersen, Ursula Reuter-Carlson, Jonathan Lacey, Jason P. Bond, Ahmad M. Fakhoury
Summary: This study investigated the antagonistic activity of potential biological control agents (BCAs) native to the U.S. Midwest against Pythium spp. In vitro screening and scanning electron microscopy observations revealed inhibitory activity and mycoparasitic characteristics of certain BCAs against Pythium spp. Under field conditions, selected BCAs protected soybean seedlings from Pythium spp. infection and could be used in combination with fungicide seed treatments.
Article
Ecology
Kirk Broders, Gloria Iriarte-Broders, Gary C. Bergstrom, Emmanuel Byamukama, Martin Chilvers, Christian Cruz, Felipe Dalla-Lana, Zachary Duray, Dean Malvick, Daren Mueller, Pierce Paul, Diane Plewa, Richard Raid, Alison E. Robertson, Catalina Salgado-Salazar, Damon Smith, Darcy Telenko, Katherine VanEtten, Nathan M. Kleczewski
Summary: The genus Phyllachora contains fungal parasites that produce tar spot on their plant hosts. In this study, the sequence diversity of 186 isolates collected from various hosts and countries was assessed. The findings suggest the presence of three genetically distinct groups capable of infecting maize in the United States, originating from different regions. Additionally, it was observed that some Phyllachora species can infect a broad range of host species.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Austin G. McCoy, Adam M. Byrne, Janette L. Jacobs, Gail Anderson, James E. Kurle, Darcy E. P. Telenko, Martin Chilvers
Summary: This study finds that oomicide seed treatments are useful in protecting soybean stand under PRR disease pressure in multiple locations in the Midwest United States.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Sungyu Choi, Doeun Son, Martin I. I. Chilvers, Hyun-Jun Kim, Hyunkyu Sang
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuba R. Kandel, Maia N. Lawson, Mariama T. Brown, Martin I. Chilvers, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Darcy E. P. Telenko, Albert U. Tenuta, Damon L. Smith, Daren S. Mueller
Summary: Seed treatments for sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by F. virguliforme are available in the US and Canada, but there is a lack of comparative studies. Sixteen field experiments were conducted to evaluate different seed treatment combinations, and the results showed that untreated seeds and base treatment had the highest root rot and foliar disease index, and the lowest yield. Treatments with fluopyram and pydiflumetofen were the most effective in managing SDS.
Article
Agronomy
Feng Lin, Wenlong Li, Austin G. McCoy, Kelly Wang, Janette Jacobs, Na Zhang, Xiaobo Huo, Shabir H. Wani, Cuihua Gu, Martin Chilvers, Dechun Wang
Summary: This study identified key genetic loci for soybean partial resistance to Pythium irregulare and Pythium sylvaticum, and revealed the epistatic interactions between genes. The findings contribute to the understanding of soybean resistance mechanisms against these pathogens and provide theoretical basis for selecting soybean varieties with strong disease resistance.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Edgar H. Nieto-Lopez, Thomas Jose Justo Miorini, Cristian A. Wulkop-Gil, Martin Chilvers, Loren J. Giesler, Tamra A. Jackson-Ziems, Mehdi Kabbage, Daren S. Mueller, Damon L. Smith, Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza, Jaime F. Willbur, Sydney E. Everhart
Summary: Fungicide use is important for reducing yield loss from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on dry bean and soybean, but increased use may lead to resistance. This study found differences in fungicide sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum isolates in the United States, depending on crop and frequency of fungicide application. The study established new baseline sensitivity for tetraconazole and boscalid, providing valuable information for resistance monitoring.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joshua S. MacCready, Emily M. Roggenkamp, Kristi Gdanetz, Martin I. Chilvers
Summary: Tar spot is a devastating corn disease caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Phyllachora maydis. This study provides a significantly improved understanding of the genetic characteristics and pathogenicity mechanism of P. maydis, which contributes to the mitigation of tar spot of corn. The results reveal the deficiency in nitrogen utilization, heterothallism, and higher protein-coding gene content of P. maydis, as well as the rerouting of carbon flux after lesion formation.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2023)