期刊
BIOMOLECULES
卷 11, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom11081162
关键词
CRISPR-Cas; diagnosis; gene detection; microRNA; single nucleotide polymorphism; DNA methylation; aptamer
资金
- National Res. Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government [NRF-2019R1C1C1004576]
- Chung-Ang University
The CRISPR-Cas system has gained attention as a diagnostic tool due to its specific gene targeting capability. This system's activities rely on target-specific binding, making it applicable for detecting disease-related genes, microRNAs, genetic variations, and also non-nucleic acid targets such as proteins.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system has recently gained growing attention as a diagnostic tool due to its capability of specific gene targeting. It consists of Cas enzymes and a guide RNA (gRNA) that can cleave the target DNA or RNA based on the sequence of the gRNA, making it an attractive genetic engineering technique. In addition to the target-specific binding and cleavage, the trans-cleavage activity was reported for some Cas proteins, including Cas12a and Cas13a, which is to cleave the surrounding single-stranded DNA or RNA upon the target binding of Cas-gRNA complex. All these activities of the CRISPR-Cas system are based on its target-specific binding, making it applied to develop diagnostic methods by detecting the disease-related gene as well as microRNAs and the genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphism and DNA methylation. Moreover, it can be applied to detect the non-nucleic acids target such as proteins. In this review, we cover the various CRISPR-based diagnostic methods by focusing on the activity of the CRISPR-Cas system and the form of the target. The CRISPR-based diagnostic methods without target amplification are also introduced briefly.
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