Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marinna C. Okawa, Rebecca M. Tuska, Marissa Lightbourne, Brent S. Abel, Mary Walter, Yuhai Dai, Elaine Cochran, Rebecca J. Brown
Summary: Insulin receptor signaling plays a role in growth. Patients with hyperinsulinemia and impaired insulin receptor function show impaired growth and lower bone mineral density, while elevated insulin receptor signaling leads to accelerated growth and higher bone mineral density. This suggests that insulin receptor influences growth through direct metabolic effects in bone and indirect effects via the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sebastian Mathes, Alexandra Fahrner, Edlira Luca, Jan Kruetzfeldt
Summary: The study found that IGF-I can directly regulate SPARC expression in muscle cells at the promoter level; GH/IGF-I can restore the decreased levels of SPARC in aged skeletal muscle; the glycerol model induces higher levels of adipocyte markers in aged skeletal muscle; GH treatment does not prevent IMAT formation in the glycerol model.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mengyang Li
Summary: The GH/IGF system plays a role in growth regulation in the body. By studying the basal chordate amphioxus, it was discovered that most members of the GH/IGF system are present in amphioxus, providing strong evidence for the origin of this system in amphioxus.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Silvana Duran-Ortiz, Edward O. List, Yuji Ikeno, Jonathan Young, Reetobrata Basu, Stephen Bell, Todd McHugh, Kevin Funk, Samuel Mathes, Yanrong Qian, Prateek Kulkarni, Shoshana Yakar, Darlene E. Berryman, John J. Kopchick
Summary: Studies suggest that reducing growth hormone action can enhance healthy lifespan. In adult mice, disrupted GH action resulted in sexual dimorphic effects, with males showing enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced tumors, while females exhibited increased lifespan and reduced glucose and oxidative stress.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mirela-Diana Ilie, Antoine Tabarin, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Jean-Francois Bonneville, Lucile Moreau-Grange, Franck Schillo, Brigitte Delemer, Anne Barlier, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Segolene Bisot-Locard, Alexandre Santos, Philippe Chanson, Gerald Raverot
Summary: This study aimed to explore the factors related to SRLs in the treatment of acromegaly and confirmed that SST2A and adenoma granularity are good predictors of response to octreotide. In addition, the optimization of MRI sequences is important for using T2WSI as a predictor of treatment response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shozo Tomonaga, Takahiro Kawase, Takamitsu Tsukahara, Yoshiyuki Ohta, Jun-ichi Shiraishi
Summary: Metabolomic analyses of breast muscle and plasma in chickens revealed significant growth-related changes in metabolite levels between seven and 28 days of age. Some essential nutrients and growth-promoting metabolites were identified. The levels of imidazole dipeptides increased in the muscle, while taurine levels decreased. Upstream metabolites in branched-chain amino acid metabolism decreased in the muscle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rajiv G. Menon, Preeti Raghavan, Ravinder R. Regatte
Summary: Post-stroke muscle stiffness is characterized by increased muscle free water and GAG content. Bi-exponential T-1 rho mapping can serve as a marker for GAG content in muscle and a potential treatment monitoring tool for patients with muscle stiffness after stroke, as demonstrated in this pilot study.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anastasia Ibba, Sandro Loche
Summary: Growth hormone deficiency is the most common pituitary hormone deficiency in childhood, and can be diagnosed with GH stimulation testing. However, in some cases, GHD can be diagnosed without the need for stimulation testing.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gudmundur Johannsson, John J. Kopchick
Summary: This thematic review provides short reviews on growth hormone deficiency and insensitivity in children and adults, covering from basic science to clinical significance.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Pu, Jie Guo, Hao Yang, Liqiao Zhong, Huiwu Tian, Huatang Deng, Xinbin Duan, Shaoping Liu, Daqing Chen
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of environmental-related concentrations of Hg2+ on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis in silver carp. The results showed that Hg2+ exposure leads to growth inhibition and oxidative stress in juvenile silver carp.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Fengxiao Hu, Yixin Zhao, Feilong Dong, Hongkai Wang, Mengyan Zheng, Weini Zhang, Xinhua Chen
Summary: The study found that exposure to high concentrations of TCEP resulted in significant adverse effects on the growth of juvenile yellow catfish, including decreased body weight, body length, and specific growth rate. This inhibition of growth may be related to interference with the GH/IGF axis and SS signaling system, as well as impairment of hepatic structures.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Renata C. Scalco, Fernanda A. Correa, Naiara C. B. Dantas, Gabriela A. Vasques, Alexander A. L. Jorge
Summary: Hormone resistances associated with growth disorders primarily result from defects in hormone receptors or intracellular signal transduction proteins. The distinct phenotypes of different hormone resistances provide important insights into the role of each hormone and its signaling pathway. This review discusses the molecular and clinical aspects of the main hormone resistances related to short stature in humans.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mabel Yau, Robert Rapaport
Summary: The evaluation of children with short stature involves long-term monitoring to establish growth patterns and rule out chronic medical conditions. Growth hormone stimulation testing is essential for diagnosing growth hormone deficiency, although its results are influenced by various factors.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tessa N. A. Slagboom, Christa C. van Bunderen, Aart Jan van der Lely, Madeleine L. Drent
Summary: This study investigated the differences in the outcomes of growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) between growth hormone deficient (GHD) men and women. The results showed that women were more likely to have subnormal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels during treatment and experienced more adverse events, requiring dose reduction or temporary stoppage of GHRT. Men had a higher risk of developing malignant neoplasms. This suggests that women with GHD may not be receiving optimal treatment and have lower tolerability of GHRT, but it does not imply discontinuation of treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Bradley S. Miller, Kevin C. J. Yuen
Summary: Lonapegsomatropin, a long-acting GH therapy, has been approved for the treatment of pediatric growth hormone deficiency. It has a longer half-life and requires weekly administration. Clinical trials have shown its positive efficacy in children and adults with GHD, with minimal side effects. The introduction of this long-acting growth hormone therapy may potentially improve patient adherence, quality of life, and clinical outcomes.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jacob A. Goldsmith, Raymond E. Lai, Ryan S. Garten, Qun Chen, Edward J. Lesnefsky, Robert A. Perera, Ashraf S. Gorgey
Summary: This study investigated the predictors of mitochondrial health in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), focusing on visceral adiposity, inflammatory biomarkers, testosterone, and circulating serum growth factors. The results showed that increased visceral adiposity and associated inflammatory signaling, along with reduced testosterone levels, predicted mitochondrial dysfunction following SCI. Specifically, lower visceral adiposity and higher testosterone levels or lower visceral adiposity and lower inflammation levels positively predicted mitochondrial mass and enzyme activity in individuals with chronic SCI.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ashraf S. Gorgey, Tommy W. Sutor, Jacob A. Goldsmith, Areej N. Ennasr, Timothy D. Lavis, David X. Cifu, Robert Trainer
Summary: A male with C7 complete tetraplegia underwent 14 weeks of body weight supported treadmill training combined with spinal cord epidural stimulation. Resting blood pressure was unstable before training, but was effectively regulated during training, relieving symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. However, these effects were not maintained after the training was stopped.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raymond E. Lai, Matthew E. Holman, Qun Chen, Jeannie Rivers, Edward J. Lesnefsky, Ashraf S. Gorgey
Summary: The study evaluated the predictive ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for mitochondrial respiration in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The results showed a positive relationship between PBMCs and permeabilized muscle fibers for mitochondrial complex IV, suggesting PBMCs could be a viable alternative for assessing mitochondrial health in SCI patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Abdelrahman Elaraby, Mostafa Shahein, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Paul B. Perrin, Ashraf S. Gorgey
Summary: This study found that individuals with spinal cord injury experienced a significant decrease in quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the domains of physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environment. Participants were more likely to adhere to self-isolation and staying at home measures, but less likely to adhere to hand washing and social distancing measures.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jacob A. Goldsmith, Matthew E. Holman, Puneet Puri, Refka E. Khalil, Areej N. Ennasr, Ashraf S. Gorgey
Summary: This study utilized the Geometric Framework for Nutrition (GFN) to examine the associations between self-reported macronutrient intakes and body composition in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The findings suggest that carbohydrates play an important role in the body composition of individuals with SCI.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Adriana D. Valbuena Valecillos, David R. Gater, Gemayaret Alvarez
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe event with multiple comorbidities. It is often accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI), which has its own set of complications. Understanding the etiology and epidemiology of these dual diagnoses and employing appropriate assessment and management strategies can help optimize functional recovery.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Gary J. Farkas, Adam M. Burton, David W. McMillan, Alicia Sneij, David R. Jr Jr Gater
Summary: Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) often have risk factors for cardiometabolic risk and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. This narrative review focuses on recent research on the cardiometabolic sequelae of SCI, providing diagnosis and surveillance criteria, as well as lifestyle management strategies to improve cardiometabolic health.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nathalie Elisabeth Perez, Neha Pradyumna Godbole, Katherine Amin, Raveen Syan, David R. Gater
Summary: This article discusses the common causes and physiological abnormalities that can lead to urinary incontinence after spinal cord injury. It also explores the pathophysiology associated with spinal cord injury, including the diagnosis and treatment of autonomic dysreflexia and the risks to the kidneys and ureters. The article also reviews recent guidelines on the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of neurogenic bladder, as well as the available management options.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ashraf S. Gorgey, Jacob A. Goldsmith, Refka E. Khalil, Xin-hua Liu, Jiangping Pan, Christopher Cardozo, Robert A. Adler
Summary: The study aimed to identify potential predictors of muscle hypertrophy responsiveness following NMES-RT in individuals with chronic SCI. The findings suggest that body composition, spasticity, baclofen usage, and multiple signaling pathways are involved in the differential muscle hypertrophy response to NMES-RT in persons with chronic SCI.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David R. Dolbow, Gary J. Farkas, Arthur S. Berg, Michael A. Welsch, Ashraf S. Gorgey, David R. Gater
Summary: The study found that there were correlations between percentage fat mass (%FM), percentage lean mass (%LM), and the ratio of %FM to %LM with inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The %FM to %LM ratio may be the best predictor of metabolic syndrome.
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ashraf S. Gorgey, Refka E. Khalil, Malak Alrubaye, Ranjodh Gill, Jeannie Rivers, Lance L. Goetz, David X. Cifu, Teodoro Castillo, Deborah Caruso, Timothy D. Lavis, Edward J. Lesnefsky, Christopher C. Cardozo, Robert A. Adler
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of long pulse width stimulation (LPWS) and testosterone treatment (TT) on muscle size and metabolic health in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Through various measurements and tests, the study hopes to determine if TT+LPWS can enhance protein synthesis, improve mitochondrial health, and ultimately lead to muscle growth and improved metabolic health.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
David R. Dolbow, Ashraf S. Gorgey, Therese E. Johnston, Ines Bersch
Summary: Electrical stimulation exercise is an important modality for individuals with SCI to improve mobility and health. It can stimulate peripheral nerves in extremities, strengthen muscles, and assist with functional activities. It can also predict hand deformities and rehabilitate grasping activities.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gary J. Farkas, Arthur S. Berg, Alicia Sneij, David R. Dolbow, Ashraf S. Gorgey, David R. Gater Jr
Summary: This study aimed to assess the agreement between energy requirement and protein intake in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and found that the SCI-specific method had the best agreement with the estimated energy intake (EEI). Additionally, protein intake decreased with increasing body weight.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ashraf S. Gorgey, Refka E. Khalil, William Carter, Boyd Ballance, Ranjodh Gill, Rehan Khan, Lance Goetz, Timothy Lavis, Adam P. Sima, Robert A. Adler
Summary: The study compared the combined effects of NMES-RT and FES-LEC with PMT and FES-LEC on various physiological indicators in adults with SCI. NMES-RT showed benefits in increasing peak leg VO2 and decreasing total VAT, while FES-LEC had a modest impact on increasing leg VO2 peak.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ashraf S. Gorgey, Siddharth Venigalla, Muhammad Uzair Rehman, Botros George, Enrico Rejc, Jan J. Gouda
Summary: By configuring SCES leads, rhythmic lower limb activation can be initiated, enabling patients with complete spinal cord injury to achieve independent overground stepping. This is significant for the restoration of functional abilities in these patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)