Article
Mechanics
Katharina Kolatzki, Marie Louise Schubert, Anatoli Ulmer, Thomas Moeller, Daniela Rupp, Rico Mayro P. Tanyag
Summary: This study examines droplets and droplet beams produced from liquid helium jets in vacuum at low stagnation pressures. It discovers diverse characteristics of the droplet beam at different nozzle pressures, and highlights the influence of disturbance frequencies on droplet beam behavior. The study also reveals the effects of droplet coagulation and superfluidity on droplet properties.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mathias Steinacher, Esther Amstad
Summary: The article introduces a scalable method for producing water-in-oil emulsion drops with controlled diameters of just a few micrometers, highlighting the thermodynamically driven emulsification and demonstrating the application of using these emulsion drops as templates to form micrometer-sized hydrogel spheres and capsules.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dhrijit Kumar Deka, Sukumar Pati
Summary: The present study investigates the electrocoalescence dynamics of two unequal-sized water droplets surrounded by oil. The study uses the finite element method-based level-set formalism to solve the governing transport equations and validates the solver accuracy with experimental results. The key determinants of droplet-to-droplet coalescence phenomenon are electric field strength, diameter ratio of the droplets, and viscosity of the fluids. The study reveals that higher electric field strength leads to partial coalescence and the required field strength is smaller for larger diameter ratios. Higher viscosity suppresses partial coalescence, but with larger voltage, partial coalescence can be achieved even for higher viscous fluid.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Huimin Hou, Xiaomin Wu, Zhifeng Hu, Sihang Gao, Zhiping Yuan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of the surface inclination angle on the dynamic behavior of condensate droplets and establishes a relationship between the transport distance, transport height, jumping direction of droplets, and the surface inclination angle. Additionally, a droplet motion equation is developed to describe the trajectory of droplets after they jump off the surface. The study also demonstrates the phenomenon of multi-hop jumping on the inclined superhydrophobic surface and provides a mathematical model to predict the multi-hop jumping transport distance, which has significant implications for the application of droplet jumping.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Nang X. Ho, Truong V. Vu
Summary: The present study numerically investigates the dynamics of on-axis collisions of compound droplets using an axisymmetric front-tracking method. The effects of various parameters (such as Reynolds number, Weber number, size of inner droplets, interfacial tension ratio, and eccentricity) on the collision outcomes are examined. Three primary outcomes, namely complete coalescence, outer coalescence, and rebound, are observed. The regime diagrams related to these collision patterns are also presented.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Haozhe Yi, Taotao Fu, Chunying Zhu, Youguang Ma
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the local deformation and head-on coalescence dynamics of droplets in a cross-focused microchannel. The dynamic process was divided into squeezing and decompressing stages, and the flow patterns were studied in relation to the moment of liquid film rupture. The research explored the effects of various factors on the coalescence process and proposed a predictive equation for the nipple angle.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Gembali Sai Chaitanya, Kirti Chandra Sahu, Gautam Biswas
Summary: The study shows that asymmetry in the flow field due to unequal-sized droplets and oblique collision significantly changes the collision outcomes, with permanent coalescence occurring at intermediate collision angles. Different separation mechanisms were observed for head-on and large-angle collisions, with capillary wave instability playing a role in the breakup of ligaments for large collision angles. The results also indicate that the outcome of droplet collision depends on factors such as velocity ratio and radius ratio.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hua Tan
Summary: This study investigates the absorption process of droplets with different radii on a nylon powder substrate. The results show that there are different critical surface tensions for mm-sized and pm-sized droplets, and the absorption behavior follows a power law relation. The experimental data for pm droplets agree with the prediction of the Washburn equation and diffusion-type equation, while the results for mm-droplets favor the prediction of 3D radial flow.
EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lauren P. McCarthy, Peter Knapp, Jim S. Walker, Justice Archer, Rachael E. H. Miles, Marc E. J. Stettler, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the dynamics of binary collisions of equi-diameter droplets with different impact speeds and angles, and compares the results with collision outcome prediction models. The experimental results show that different impact speeds and angles lead to different collision outcomes. This study provides reference for predicting collision outcomes of droplets.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
H. Oike, K. Takeda, M. Kamitani, Y. Tokura, F. Kagawa
Summary: Complex behaviors were observed in the phase evolution of transition-metal dichalcogenide IrTe2 thin flakes using scanning Raman microscopy, indicating that the degree of phase evolution can vary significantly in small-sized specimens. The emergence of a superconducting phase without chemical doping in a small-volume specimen highlights the significant impact of phase complexity on physical properties.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Mateusz Denys, Piotr Deuar, Zhizhao Che, Panagiotis E. Theodorakis
Summary: Atmospheric aerosols can contain surfactants, which have an influence on cloud droplet formation and cloud lifetime. The presence of surfactant increases the number and size of activated droplets, facilitating cloud formation. This study provides insights into the behavior of atmospheric aerosols and paves the way for further numerical modeling.
Article
Physics, Applied
Yong Yang, Haoqin Zhang, Chuan Li, Chi Li, Ziheng Yu, Kexun Yu
Summary: This paper studies the charging process of nanometer-sized liquid aerosol particles in an atmospheric environment, modifying the traditional charging equation and fitting experimental data under low discharge voltage to find an appropriate combination. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating that the charging evolution of droplets with various radiuses under various voltages can be derived from existing experimental data under low voltage.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mari Kaburagi, Tomoya Kojima, Kouichi Asakura, Taisuke Banno
Summary: Self-propelled droplets are an important model for understanding the self-propulsion of objects in the fields of nonequilibrium physics and nonlinear science. In this study, a chemical system containing pH-responsive fumaric acid derivatives was reported, in which the oil droplet showed positive chemotaxis over a wide pH range. The precise control of chemotaxis remains challenging from the perspective of synthetic chemistry.
JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Gaurav Nayak, Mackenzie Meyer, Gaku Oinuma, Mark J. Kushner, Peter J. Bruggeman
Summary: This paper investigates the charging of particles with diameters of tens of microns at atmospheric pressure, with a focus on ambipolar charging. The study of ambipolar charging in atmospheric pressure plasmas, specifically of droplets, has not been extensively explored. The activation of droplets in plasmas is of interest for various applications such as water purification, fertilizer production, and materials synthesis. The transport dynamics of water droplets through an atmospheric pressure radiofrequency glow discharge sustained in helium are studied. The differential charging of droplets in the plasma gradients of the bounding sheaths is found to be responsible for the transport dynamics.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Xiao Jia, Juan-Cheng Yang, Jie Zhang, Long Chen, Ming-Jiu Ni
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of a horizontal magnetic field on binary liquid metal droplet collision, finding that small magnetic interaction parameters can facilitate certain collision regimes. A correlation and map are presented to interpret the limited influence of magnetic field on other collision regimes and predict significant influences at higher magnetic field strengths. Possible geometrical morphologies of droplets after collision are also discussed based on the physical processes involved.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2021)
Letter
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, J. M. Brown, T. M. Cook, A. E. Pickering
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, J. M. Brown, F. K. A. Gregson, T. M. Cook, D. A. Scott, F. McGain, R. S. Humphries, R. S. Dhillon, J. P. Reid, F. Hamilton, B. R. Bzdek, A. E. Pickering
Summary: The study shows that manual facemask ventilation, even with an intentional leak, does not generate high levels of bioaerosol. Therefore, the authors argue that facemask ventilation should not be considered an aerosol-generating procedure.
Article
Immunology
Craig McDonald, Vicky L. Morrison, David McGloin, Susanna Carola Fagerholm
Summary: This study examined the role of kindlin-3 in integrin function in T cells. It was found that a mutation in the kindlin-3 binding site significantly reduced adhesion of effector T cells to the integrin ligand ICAM-1. The study also revealed that kindlin-3 binding directly affects catch bond formation and bond strength of integrin-ligand bonds.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Cotterell, J. W. Knight, J. P. Reid, A. J. Orr-Ewing
Summary: This article introduces a new method for quantifying the optical properties of aerosols, using CRDS combined with angularly resolved elastic light scattering measurements, to accurately measure the optical properties of individual aerosol particles, which helps to understand the role of aerosols in different fields.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Virology
Robert W. Alexander, Jianghan Tian, Allen E. Haddrell, Henry P. Oswin, Edward Neal, Daniel A. Hardy, Mara Otero-Fernandez, Jamie F. S. Mann, Tristan A. Cogan, Adam Finn, Andrew D. Davidson, Darryl J. Hill, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: The study reveals comparable loss of infectivity in the aerosol phase of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Addition of clinically relevant concentrations of mucin transiently mitigates the loss of viral infectivity and promotes heterogeneous phase change during aerosol evaporation.
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, G. O'Farrell, H. M. Howes, R. Craven, A. R. Duffen, T. M. Cook, J. P. Reid, J. M. Brown, A. E. Pickering
Summary: Aerosol-generating procedures, such as awake tracheal intubation and nasendoscopy, can generate high concentrations of respiratory aerosols. Specific risks include lidocaine spray of the larynx, instrumentation of the vocal cords, procedural coughing, and deep breaths. Airborne infection control precautions are necessary for awake upper airway endoscopy if respirable pathogens cannot be confidently excluded.
Article
Optics
Ling Zhang, Anna Szmalenberg, Kevin Cook, Baolei Liu, Lei Ding, Fan Wang, David McGloin
Summary: It is essential to quantify the range of aerosol sizes that can be trapped in a counterpropagation dual-fiber trapping configuration in order to understand their manipulation and characterization. In this study, we present simulations and experiments to investigate the variations in trapped aerosol size range under different conditions. The results provide insights into the stability and tolerance of such traps.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Giovanni Volpe, Onofrio M. Marago, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Giuseppe Pesce, Alexander B. Stilgoe, Giorgio Volpe, Georgiy Tkachenko, Viet Giang Truong, Sile Nic Chormaic, Fatemeh Kalantarifard, Parviz Elahi, Mikael Kall, Agnese Callegari, Manuel Marques, Antonio A. R. Neves, Wendel L. Moreira, Adriana Fontes, Carlos L. Cesar, Rosalba Saija, Abir Saidi, Paul Beck, Joerg S. Eismann, Peter Banzer, Thales F. D. Fernandes, Francesco Pedaci, Warwick P. Bowen, Rahul Vaippully, Muruga Lokesh, Basudev Roy, Gregor Thalhammer-Thurner, Monika Ritsch-Marte, Laura Perez Garcia, Alejandro Arzola, Isaac Perez Castillo, Aykut Argun, Till M. Muenker, Bart E. Vos, Timo Betz, Ilaria Cristiani, Paolo Minzioni, Peter J. Reece, Fan Wang, David McGloin, Justus C. Ndukaife, Romain Quidant, Reece P. Roberts, Cyril Laplane, Thomas Volz, Reuven Gordon, Dag Hanstorp, Javier Tello Marmolejo, Graham D. Bruce, Kishan Dholakia, Tongcang Li, Oto Brzobohaty, Stephen H. Simpson, Pavel Zemanek, Felix Ritort, Yael Roichman, Valeriia Bobkova, Raphael Wittkowski, Cornelia Denz, G. V. Pavan Kumar, Antonino Foti, Maria Grazia Donato, Pietro G. Gucciardi, Lucia Gardini, Giulio Bianchi, Anatolii Kashchuk, Marco Capitanio, Lynn Paterson, Philip H. Jones, Kirstine Berg-Sorensen, Younes F. Barooji, Lene B. Oddershede, Pegah Pouladian, Daryl Preece, Caroline Beck Adiels, Anna Chiara De Luca, Alessandro Magazzu, David Bronte Ciriza, Maria Antonia Iati, Grover A. Swartzlander
Summary: Optical tweezers are tools that use light to push, trap, and manipulate objects without physical contact. Since the 1970s, they have evolved into sophisticated instruments and have been widely used in various fields such as life sciences, physics, and engineering. Applications include precise force and torque measurement, micro-rheology of complex fluids, spectroscopy of single micro- and nano-particles, single-cell analysis, and statistical-physics experiments. This roadmap provides insights into the theoretical foundations, designs, and setups of optical forces and tweezers, and offers perspectives for applications in research fields ranging from biophysics to space exploration.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-PHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel A. . Hardy, Joshua F. Robinson, Thomas G. Hilditch, Edward Neal, Pascal Lemaitre, Jim S. Walker, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This paper introduces a refined numerical model for the evaporation and transport of droplets of binary solutions. The model is validated against other models in the literature and experimental measurements of trapped and freefalling droplets. It accurately represents the behavior of solution droplets in different regimes, accounting for hygroscopic behavior and the Kelvin effect. Simulations of pure water evaporation and sodium chloride droplets are validated experimentally, and the simulations accurately represent the experimental data. The model is also used to analyze the morphologies of dried sodium chloride particles at different drying rates.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Henry P. P. Oswin, Allen E. E. Haddrell, Cordelia Hughes, Mara Otero-Fernandez, Richard J. J. Thomas, Jonathan P. P. Reid
Summary: Using CELEBS, researchers found that the decay of Escherichia coli in airborne droplets is influenced by factors such as residence time and oxygen concentration. The presence of oxygen facilitates the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to bacterial death.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, V. Brown, J. Vassallo, J. P. Nolan, J. Soar, F. Hamilton, T. M. Cook, B. R. Bzdek, J. P. Reid, C. H. Makepeace, J. Deutsch, R. Ascione, J. M. Brown, J. R. Benger, A. E. Pickering
Summary: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation generates high concentrations of respiratory aerosol, suggesting the need for airborne transmission precautions in high-risk pathogen settings.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
V. Hamilton, S. Sheikh, A. Szczepanska, N. Maskell, F. Hamilton, J. P. Reid, B. R. Bzdek, J. R. D. Murray
Summary: This study quantifies the aerosol exposure in orthopaedic surgeries and suggests additional precautions for diathermy and bone sawing to reduce exposure.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thomas G. Hilditch, Daniel A. Hardy, Natasha J. Stevens, Peter B. Glover, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: Organic aerosol is a complex mixture of compounds with diverse physico-chemical properties. Due to the lack of experimental data, these properties need to be estimated, leading to uncertainties in their gas-particle partitioning and impact on human health and climate.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lauren P. McCarthy, Peter Knapp, Jim S. Walker, Justice Archer, Rachael E. H. Miles, Marc E. J. Stettler, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the dynamics of binary collisions of equi-diameter droplets with different impact speeds and angles, and compares the results with collision outcome prediction models. The experimental results show that different impact speeds and angles lead to different collision outcomes. This study provides reference for predicting collision outcomes of droplets.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Ling Zhang, Kevin Cook, Anna Szmalenberg, Baolei Liu, Lei Ding, Fan Wang, David McGloin
Summary: Dual beam fiber traps have potential applications in studying aerosols, with the alignment of the optical fibers being crucial. Good trapping capability is observed when the fibers are tilted at the same angle, while higher tilt angles result in more complex aerosol dynamics.
COMPLEX LIGHT AND OPTICAL FORCES XVI
(2022)
