Article
Environmental Sciences
Petr Vodicka, Kimitaka Kawamura, Jaroslav Schwarz, Vladimir Zdimal
Summary: This study systematically investigated the phase interactions between aerosol and gaseous carbon samples using seasonally resolved stable carbon isotope ratio values. It was found that despite different carbon sources in aerosols, the isotope differences remained similar between seasons.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shixin Liu, Er-Xiong Ding, Adam G. Kelly, Luke Doolan, Cian Gabbett, Harneet Kaur, Jose Munuera, Tian Carey, James Garcia, Jonathan N. Coleman
Summary: Vertically stacked metal-semiconductor-metal heterostructures based on liquid-processed nanomaterials are highly promising for printed electronic applications. In this study, we fabricated such devices by spray-coating semiconducting tungsten disulfide nanosheets onto indium tin oxide bottom electrodes, followed by spraying single-walled carbon nanotubes as the top electrode. The type of contacts at the WS2/SWNTs interface, either Ohmic or Schottky, could be controlled by the formulation of the SWNTs ink. The work demonstrates the tunability of Ohmic/Schottky behavior and establishes the foundation for fabricating large-area 2D nanosheet-based solution-deposited devices and stacks.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Ma, Feixue Zheng, Yusheng Zhang, Xin Chen, Junlei Zhan, Chenjie Hua, Boying Song, Zongcheng Wang, Jiali Xie, Chao Yan, Markku Kulmala, Yongchun Liu
Summary: Aqueous-phase chemistry plays an important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), but the mechanism of interaction between aerosol physics and chemistry is not well understood. In this study, continuous measurements of gas and particle-phase composition were conducted to understand the physicochemical processes related to SOA formation. It was found that aqueous-phase oligomerization from methylglyoxal was a probable path of SOA formation. At high aerosol water content, gas-to-particle partitioning was weakened, leading to low OA mass fraction at high relative humidity.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Caroline Crowley, Ronan Cahill, Kevin Nolan
Summary: This study used a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the gas leakage during laparoscopic surgery and quantified the percentage of particulate matter that poses a risk of inhalation to the surgical staff. The results showed that a significant amount of particles reach the breathing zone of the surgical team, and the gas leakage emits a considerable volume of gas and particles into the operating room.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel A. Knopf, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Daniel P. Veghte, Nurun N. Lata, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, Jian Wang
Summary: To improve understanding of ice formation, ambient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) were collected and analyzed in the Azores islands region. The study found differences in the characteristics of INPs between seasons and altitudes, which is crucial for modeling cloud microphysics.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michael Dave P. Barquilla, Maricris L. Mayes
Summary: The role of hydrogen bonding in the degradation, complexation, and covalent hydration of pyruvic acid in aqueous phase was investigated. The study revealed that intramolecular hydrogen bonding alters the degradation mechanisms of pyruvic acid compared to gas phase. The hydrogen bonding between pyruvic acid and water was characterized, and it was found that stronger hydrogen bonding is correlated with wider OH-O angles and larger differences in the hydrogen bond lengths between phases. The study also highlighted the importance of pyruvic acid in atmospheric keto-acid chemistry.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Varotto, Annika Johansson, Boerge Goebel, Luis M. Vicente-Arche, Srijani Mallik, Julien Brehin, Raphael Salazar, Francois Bertran, Patrick Le Fevre, Nicolas Bergeal, Julien Rault, Ingrid Mertig, Manuel Bibes
Summary: Rashba interfaces have shown potential as platforms for spin-charge interconversion. We used angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy to investigate KTaO3 two-dimensional electron gases and observed their Rashba-split bands. Our calculations revealed complex spin and orbital textures, as well as interconversion efficiencies exceeding those of other oxide two-dimensional electron gases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shile Feng, Pingan Zhu, Huanxi Zheng, Haiyang Zhan, Chen Chen, Jiaqian Li, Liqiu Wang, Xi Yao, Yahua Liu, Zuankai Wang
Summary: By designing 3D capillary ratchets, the spreading direction of liquids with different surface tensions can be tailored, achieving directional steering. This method also allows for self-propulsion and high flow velocity, which are preferred in liquid transport.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Geng, G. Y. Qi, L. Sheng, W. Chen, D. Y. Xing
Summary: The existence of a three-dimensional quantum Hall effect (3D QHE) due to spontaneous Fermi surface instabilities in strong magnetic fields was proposed decades ago, but recent experiments have shown that the main signatures of 3D QHE are not easily observed in natural materials. Research has demonstrated that 3D QHE can be achieved in certain parameter regimes in a simple effective periodic 3D system, and two mechanisms that may give rise to the quasiquantized Hall effect (QQHE) have been identified. Additionally, artificial superlattices have been proven to be an ideal platform for realizing 3D QHE with a high layer barrier periodic potential.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Galo Jaime Paez Fajardo, Sebastian A. Howard, Egor Evlyukhin, Matthew J. Wahila, Wasim Raja Mondal, Mateusz Zuba, Jos E. Boschker, Hanjong Paik, Darrell G. Schlom, Jerzy T. Sadowski, Samuel A. Tenney, Benjamin Reinhart, Wei-Cheng Lee, Louis F. J. Piper
Summary: Studying the metal to insulator transition of NbO2 using temperature-dependent X-ray spectroscopy, it was found that dimerization leads to the insulating phase, while an oxygen rich surface reconstruction at the topmost layers remains unchanged regardless of temperature.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusuke Morita, Kosuke Yoshioka, Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami
Summary: A new type of Bose-Einstein condensate was observed in a trapped gas of 1s paraexcitons in bulk Cu2O below 400 mK, with a small condensate fraction of 0.016 and spatial profile described by mean-field theory. The condensate was undetectable by conventional luminescence spectroscopy, showing potential for understanding quantum statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium open systems.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Seefat Farzin, Ehsan Zamani, Shudipto K. Dishari
Summary: The interfacial behavior of submicron thick polymer films plays a critical role in determining the performance of electrochemical devices. A new strategy based on fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy was developed to investigate the distribution of mobility, ion conduction, and other properties in ionomer samples. Proton conduction behavior in thin Nafion films was found to be thickness- and interface-dependent, while bulk Nafion membranes exhibited consistent high proton conduction with no interface dependence. The mobility distribution across Nafion films containing a mobility-sensitive probe displayed a hump-like pattern.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Han Yan, Xuetao Qin, Jin-Cheng Liu, Lihua Cai, Peng Xu, Jian-Jun Song, Chao Ma, Wei-Wei Wang, Zhao Jin, Chun-Jiang Jia
Summary: This study reports a photochemical strategy for the fabrication of promoted Pt-CeO2 catalysts through UV-induced deep dechlorination and surface oxygen activation. The strategy shows universality for catalyst synthesis with different metals, supports, and reactions, providing a new approach for the synthesis of robust catalysts.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel A. Knopf, Joseph C. Charnawskas, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Matthew Fraund, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Mary K. Gilles, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Jian Wang
Summary: This study examines the ability of marine boundary layer aerosol particles to act as ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in typical mixed-phase and cirrus cloud conditions. Results show that these particles can serve as INPs, providing insights for the implementation of ice crystal formation parameterizations in cloud and climate models.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Li, Ranjiangshang Ran, Haihuan Wang, Yuchen Wang, You Chen, Shichao Niu, Paulo E. Arratia, Shu Yang
Summary: Authors demonstrate that three-dimensional and centimetric kirigami structures can effectively control wind flow, regulate trajectories of incoming fog clusters, and improve fog collection efficiency, showing promise as a robust and scalable solution to address global water shortage crisis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
J. Brown, F. K. A. Gregson, A. Shrimpton, T. M. Cook, B. R. Bzdek, J. P. Reid, A. E. Pickering
Summary: The study found that extubation generates more detectable aerosol than intubation but still falls below the current criteria for designation as a high-risk aerosol-generating procedure. These novel findings provide a quantitative methodology for risk assessment and suggest the need to reassess what constitutes an aerosol-generating procedure and the associated precautions for routine anaesthetic airway management.
Article
Thermodynamics
Pablo Lodeiro, David R. Turner, Eric P. Achterberg, Florence K. A. Gregson, Jonathan P. Reid, Simon L. Clegg
Summary: Experimental measurements were conducted to determine the solubilities of Tris in various aqueous solutions and to compare the results to literature data. The interactions of Tris with ions at 25 degrees Celsius were determined and stoichiometric dissociation constants of TrisH(+) in aqueous NaCl were calculated.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Antonio Valenzuela, Fenghong Chu, Allen E. Haddrell, Michael Cotterell, Jim S. Walker, Andrew J. Orr-Ewing, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: Optical trapping is commonly limited to spherical nonabsorbing droplets, but electrodynamic traps provide new opportunities for trapping and studying particles regardless of their absorption strength and morphology. By combining an electrodynamic linear quadrupole trap with a cavity ring-down spectrometer, researchers were able to trap single droplets and measure their optical properties over time, expanding beyond spherical shapes. The results have implications for accurate remote sensing and radiative forcing calculations, as well as potential applications in atmospheric science for precise light scattering measurements.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jim S. Walker, Justice Archer, Florence K. A. Gregson, Sarah E. S. Michel, Bryan R. Bzdek, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: Aerosols and droplets expelled during respiratory events are crucial in transmitting pathogens, but there are uncertainties in understanding the microphysics of aerosol droplets. Research shows that sedimentation outcomes vary in sensitivity to composition and environmental conditions based on droplet size, with evaporation process nature playing a key role in influencing the outcome.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Letter
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, J. M. Brown, T. M. Cook, A. E. Pickering
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, J. M. Brown, F. K. A. Gregson, T. M. Cook, D. A. Scott, F. McGain, R. S. Humphries, R. S. Dhillon, J. P. Reid, F. Hamilton, B. R. Bzdek, A. E. Pickering
Summary: The study shows that manual facemask ventilation, even with an intentional leak, does not generate high levels of bioaerosol. Therefore, the authors argue that facemask ventilation should not be considered an aerosol-generating procedure.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Cotterell, J. W. Knight, J. P. Reid, A. J. Orr-Ewing
Summary: This article introduces a new method for quantifying the optical properties of aerosols, using CRDS combined with angularly resolved elastic light scattering measurements, to accurately measure the optical properties of individual aerosol particles, which helps to understand the role of aerosols in different fields.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Virology
Robert W. Alexander, Jianghan Tian, Allen E. Haddrell, Henry P. Oswin, Edward Neal, Daniel A. Hardy, Mara Otero-Fernandez, Jamie F. S. Mann, Tristan A. Cogan, Adam Finn, Andrew D. Davidson, Darryl J. Hill, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: The study reveals comparable loss of infectivity in the aerosol phase of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Addition of clinically relevant concentrations of mucin transiently mitigates the loss of viral infectivity and promotes heterogeneous phase change during aerosol evaporation.
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, G. O'Farrell, H. M. Howes, R. Craven, A. R. Duffen, T. M. Cook, J. P. Reid, J. M. Brown, A. E. Pickering
Summary: Aerosol-generating procedures, such as awake tracheal intubation and nasendoscopy, can generate high concentrations of respiratory aerosols. Specific risks include lidocaine spray of the larynx, instrumentation of the vocal cords, procedural coughing, and deep breaths. Airborne infection control precautions are necessary for awake upper airway endoscopy if respirable pathogens cannot be confidently excluded.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel A. . Hardy, Joshua F. Robinson, Thomas G. Hilditch, Edward Neal, Pascal Lemaitre, Jim S. Walker, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This paper introduces a refined numerical model for the evaporation and transport of droplets of binary solutions. The model is validated against other models in the literature and experimental measurements of trapped and freefalling droplets. It accurately represents the behavior of solution droplets in different regimes, accounting for hygroscopic behavior and the Kelvin effect. Simulations of pure water evaporation and sodium chloride droplets are validated experimentally, and the simulations accurately represent the experimental data. The model is also used to analyze the morphologies of dried sodium chloride particles at different drying rates.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Henry P. P. Oswin, Allen E. E. Haddrell, Cordelia Hughes, Mara Otero-Fernandez, Richard J. J. Thomas, Jonathan P. P. Reid
Summary: Using CELEBS, researchers found that the decay of Escherichia coli in airborne droplets is influenced by factors such as residence time and oxygen concentration. The presence of oxygen facilitates the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to bacterial death.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, V. Brown, J. Vassallo, J. P. Nolan, J. Soar, F. Hamilton, T. M. Cook, B. R. Bzdek, J. P. Reid, C. H. Makepeace, J. Deutsch, R. Ascione, J. M. Brown, J. R. Benger, A. E. Pickering
Summary: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation generates high concentrations of respiratory aerosol, suggesting the need for airborne transmission precautions in high-risk pathogen settings.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
V. Hamilton, S. Sheikh, A. Szczepanska, N. Maskell, F. Hamilton, J. P. Reid, B. R. Bzdek, J. R. D. Murray
Summary: This study quantifies the aerosol exposure in orthopaedic surgeries and suggests additional precautions for diathermy and bone sawing to reduce exposure.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thomas G. Hilditch, Daniel A. Hardy, Natasha J. Stevens, Peter B. Glover, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: Organic aerosol is a complex mixture of compounds with diverse physico-chemical properties. Due to the lack of experimental data, these properties need to be estimated, leading to uncertainties in their gas-particle partitioning and impact on human health and climate.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lauren P. McCarthy, Peter Knapp, Jim S. Walker, Justice Archer, Rachael E. H. Miles, Marc E. J. Stettler, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the dynamics of binary collisions of equi-diameter droplets with different impact speeds and angles, and compares the results with collision outcome prediction models. The experimental results show that different impact speeds and angles lead to different collision outcomes. This study provides reference for predicting collision outcomes of droplets.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
