Article
Energy & Fuels
Mengxia Qing, Siyuan Lei, Fanhai Kong, Liang Liu, Wei Zhang, Lele Wang, Tingting Guo, Sheng Su, Song Hu, Yi Wang, Jun Xiang
Summary: The generation and deposition of ammonium bisulfate in flue gas can cause serious blockage and corrosion to the air preheater, which poses a significant threat to the safe and economic operation of coal-fired power plants. Experimental results show that the generation and deposition of ammonium bisulfate/ammonium sulfate are influenced by the concentration of SO3 and NH3, the ratio of SO3 to NH3, and the deposition temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shawn Robinson, Richard J. Puddephatt
Summary: The reactions of dimethylamine-borane with platinum(ii) or platinum(iv) triflate complexes resulted in hydridoplatinum complexes instead of the expected sigma-complexes. The reaction with [Pt(OTf)Me-3(NN)] yielded stable bridging hydridoplatinum(iv) complexes, while reaction with [Pt(O2CCF3)Me(NN)] produced unstable hydridoplatinum(ii) complexes. The unstable hydridoplatinum(ii) complexes could be trapped by reaction with methyl acrylate to form insertion products.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kunling Jiao, Xiangyang Chen, Xuan Bie, Daokuan Liu, Mingjie Qiu, Shuangchen Ma
Summary: The by-product of ammonium bisulfate (ABS) in flue gas has negative impacts on equipment, while wide-load denitrification and ultra-low emissions require higher NOx removal efficiency. Increasing ammonia injection can improve NOx removal, but excessive injection leads to ABS formation and deposition risks, creating a challenge for balancing between the two aspects. Industry urgently needs to address the issues of NOx control and reducing ABS impact on equipment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qiuyue Sheng, Wanzhong Yin, Bin Yang, Shaohang Cao, Haoran Sun, Yingqiang Ma, Keqiang Chen
Summary: Using NH4HSO4 as an activator was found to enhance the sulfidization flotation of azurite, increase the adsorption of Na2S and NaBX, and improve the floatability of azurite by reducing CO32- and OH- content on the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increase in copper sulfide content and improved sulfidation of azurite with NH4HSO4. Density functional theory calculations showed that the interaction between Na2S and azurite surface was strengthened by NH4HSO4.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Zhou, Yuguo Ni, Zixian Bai
Summary: The study found that calcium-based additives can effectively inhibit ash deposition, especially Ca(OH)2. As the molar ratio increases, the thickness of ash deposition decreases.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chen Wang, Zexiang Chen, Jun Wang, Jianqiang Wang, Meiqing Shen
Summary: The study found that sulfation negatively impacts the availability of active sites on Cu/SSZ-13 catalysts, resulting in lower NOx conversion efficiency. Copper bisulfate and ammonium bisulfate on Z-Cu(OH)(+) are interconvertible, and promoting this transformation with NH3 can improve the recovery effect of sulfated Cu/SSZ-13.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mengxia Qing, Xin Zhang, Siyuan Lei, Liang Liu, Gaoshan Zhang, Shouyang Wang, Bin Zhao, Wei Zhang, Lele Wang, Sheng Su, Song Hu, Yi Wang, Jun Xiang
Summary: The presence of fly ash increases both the deposition amount and the temperature of ABS in the 25-200 ppm SO3 concentration range. The main product formed was ABS, and its formation temperature was much higher than the deposition temperature observed in the experiment. The products gradually changed from ABS to sulfuric droplets in the 224-180 degrees C range.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joachim D. Bjerregaard, Martin Votsmeier, Henrik Groenbeck
Summary: Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the low temperature deactivation of Cu-CHA by SO2 in ammonia assisted selective catalytic reduction of NO (NH3-SCR). The adsorption of SO2 on [CuII2(NH3)4O2]2+ forms a copper sulfate complex. NO and NH3 react on the sulfate complex to form N2, H2O, and H2SO4. H2SO4 undergoes an acid-base reaction with NH3, resulting in the formation of SO4(NH4)2 and HSO4(NH4), with HSO4(NH4) being thermodynamically preferred. The key mechanism for low temperature SO2 deactivation is attributed to physical effects, and the catalyst can be regenerated by exposure to high temperatures.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuguo Ni, Yan Rong, Xinfeng Yu, Shengyao Huang, Xue Xue, Hao Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the effects of reheat temperatures on ash deposition cleaning using a self-reheating probe and found that reheating could significantly reduce ash deposition. It provides a new method for cleaning ash deposition and has a guiding role in the safe operation of air preheaters.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sufeng Guo, Zhiwei Huang, Lipeng Wang, Xiaomin Wu, Huazhen Shen, Guohua Jing
Summary: This study explores the use of MoO3/TiO2 catalyst as an efficient NH3-SCR catalyst, highly resistant to ABS poisoning, showing lower SO2 oxidation rate and easier ABS decomposition compared to commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kai Zhang, Fangming Xue, Zhiqiang Wang, Xingxing Cheng
Summary: In this paper, a prediction model for calculating the formation temperature of ammonium bisulfate (ABS) in coal-fired power plant air preheaters is proposed, based on reaction kinetic models of SO3 generation and NH3 escape processes. The model's reliability is verified using actual power plant data. The study reveals that the S content in coal, NH3/NOx molar ratio, NOx concentrations at SCR inlet, and NO removal efficiency all affect the formation temperature of ABS.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kaiwen Ni, Yuewang Peng, Geyu Dai, Huawang Zhao, Zhiwei Huang, Xiaomin Wu, Guohua Jing, Wei Feng, Ye Yuan
Summary: In this study, ceria was used to decorate a catalyst to enhance the decomposition of ammonia bisulfate in low-temperature NH3-selective catalytic reduction. The optimal catalyst showed accelerated ABS decomposition and superior SO2 tolerance at 250 degrees Celsius. The additive CeO2 improved the catalyst's specific surface area and acidity, favoring the catalytic activity.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xing-Yue He, Yun-Zhu Liu, Jiao-Jiao Chen, Xingwang Lan, Xiao-Na Li, Sheng-Gui He
Summary: A study using a tandem mass spectrometer and a high-temperature ion-trap reactor revealed the increased reactivity of Co20-25 (-) clusters. This finding contributes to the understanding of the property evolution of subnanometer metal clusters (Co-25 (-)) at the atomic level. By analyzing the reactions of smaller Co6-8 (-) clusters, the reasons behind the increased reactivity of Co20-25 (-) were proposed.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yangyang Fan, Yan Liu, Liping Niu, Weiguang Zhang, Ting-an Zhang
Summary: This study proposed a closed-loop hydrometallurgical process for indium recovery from waste ITO targets, achieving high indium recovery and recirculation of leaching reagent. By implementing experiments and models, successful indium recovery, selective precipitation of tin, and preparation of indium oxide product were achieved.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mger A. Navasardyan, Stanislav Bezzubov, Alexander G. Medvedev, Petr Prikhodchenko, Andrei Churakov
Summary: Novel peroxosolvates of tetraalkylammonium halides were prepared from concentrated hydrogen peroxide and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit layered structures with H-bonded peroxide molecules, while compounds 3 and 4 contain infinitely long hydrogen-bonded peroxide-halide chains.
Article
Anesthesiology
J. Brown, F. K. A. Gregson, A. Shrimpton, T. M. Cook, B. R. Bzdek, J. P. Reid, A. E. Pickering
Summary: The study found that extubation generates more detectable aerosol than intubation but still falls below the current criteria for designation as a high-risk aerosol-generating procedure. These novel findings provide a quantitative methodology for risk assessment and suggest the need to reassess what constitutes an aerosol-generating procedure and the associated precautions for routine anaesthetic airway management.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jim S. Walker, Justice Archer, Florence K. A. Gregson, Sarah E. S. Michel, Bryan R. Bzdek, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: Aerosols and droplets expelled during respiratory events are crucial in transmitting pathogens, but there are uncertainties in understanding the microphysics of aerosol droplets. Research shows that sedimentation outcomes vary in sensitivity to composition and environmental conditions based on droplet size, with evaporation process nature playing a key role in influencing the outcome.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Letter
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, J. M. Brown, T. M. Cook, A. E. Pickering
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Florence K. A. Gregson, Andrew J. Shrimpton, Fergus Hamilton, Tim M. Cook, Jonathan P. Reid, Anthony E. Pickering, Dimitri J. Pournaras, Bryan R. Bzdek, Jules Brown
Summary: Coughing during OGD is identified as the main source event for increased aerosol levels, highlighting the importance of appropriate precautions. Additionally, insertion and removal of the endoscope typically do not generate aerosols unless triggered by coughing.
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, J. M. Brown, F. K. A. Gregson, T. M. Cook, D. A. Scott, F. McGain, R. S. Humphries, R. S. Dhillon, J. P. Reid, F. Hamilton, B. R. Bzdek, A. E. Pickering
Summary: The study shows that manual facemask ventilation, even with an intentional leak, does not generate high levels of bioaerosol. Therefore, the authors argue that facemask ventilation should not be considered an aerosol-generating procedure.
Article
Respiratory System
Fergus W. Hamilton, Florence K. A. Gregson, David T. Arnold, Sadiyah Sheikh, Kirsty Ward, Jules Brown, Ed Moran, Carrie White, Anna J. Morley, Bryan R. Bzdek, Jonathan P. Reid, Nicholas A. Maskell, James William Dodd
Summary: This study aimed to compare aerosol emission from HFNO and CPAP with breathing, speaking, and coughing. It found that in healthy volunteers, CPAP produced less aerosol than breathing, speaking, and coughing, while HFNO emissions mainly came from the machine and were unlikely to carry viral particles. Patients with COVID-19 coughed out more aerosol than volunteers.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Sadiyah Sheikh, Fergus W. Hamilton, George W. Nava, Florence K. A. Gregson, David T. Arnold, Colleen Riley, Jules Brown, Jonathan P. Reid, Bryan R. Bzdek, Nicholas A. Maskell, James William Dodd
Summary: Pulmonary function tests are essential for diagnosing respiratory diseases, but the production of potentially infectious aerosols during testing has been a concern. This study found that coughing generated the highest aerosol emission, while the use of viral filters and masks significantly reduced aerosol emission. Mitigation strategies such as these could help reduce the risk of transmission to staff during lung function testing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tom Dudding, Sadiyah Sheikh, Florence Gregson, Jennifer Haworth, Simon Haworth, Barry G. Main, Andrew J. Shrimpton, Fergus W. Hamilton, Aerator Group, Anthony J. Ireland, Nick A. Maskell, Jonathan P. Reid, Bryan R. Bzdek, Mark Gormley
Summary: The study quantified the aerosol generated during various dental procedures and identified the potential sources of aerosol generation. It found that high and slow speed drilling procedures may pose a greater risk of salivary contamination. This study provides evidence for better evaluation of risk and implementation of appropriate mitigation strategies.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
George H. Downing, Yannis Hardalupas, Justice Archer, Henry E. Symons, Ulas Baran Baloglu, Daniel Schien, Bryan R. Bzdek, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This study compares computational simulations and measurements of aerosol dispersion in a ventilated classroom, finding that a newly developed aerosol transport model can accurately simulate dispersion and predict measured concentrations. The experiments highlight how the maximum aerosol concentration within a room can be many times higher than the average concentration, increasing the risk of infection.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Joshua Harrison, Brian Saccente-Kennedy, Christopher M. Orton, Lauren P. McCarthy, Justice Archer, Henry E. Symons, Alicja Szczepanska, Natalie A. Watson, William J. Browne, Benjamin Moseley, Keir E. J. Philip, James H. Hull, James D. Calder, Declan Costello, Pallav L. Shah, Ruth Epstein, Jonathan P. Reid, Bryan R. Bzdek
Summary: This study quantifies the generation of respiratory droplets (>20 μm) by a cohort of 76 adults and children using a water-sensitive paper droplet deposition approach. The study finds that oral articulation drives the production of droplets larger than 20 μm, while breathing generates virtually no droplets. The study also compares aerosol and droplet emissions for the same participants and reports the full size distribution of respiratory aerosols (0.5-1000 μm).
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alicja Szczepanska, Joshua Harrison, Brian Saccente-Kennedy, Justice Archer, Natalie A. Watson, Christopher M. Orton, William J. Browne, Ruth Epstein, James D. Calder, Pallav L. Shah, Declan Costello, Bryan R. Bzdek, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: Surgical face masks are effective in reducing the emission of respiratory particles and droplets, with varying filtration efficiency depending on the task. For particles with a diameter of 0.5-2 μm, filtration efficiency is high, while for particles larger than 4 μm, filtration efficiency is close to 100%. These results are important for preventing disease transmission through inhalation.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
A. J. Shrimpton, V. Brown, J. Vassallo, J. P. Nolan, J. Soar, F. Hamilton, T. M. Cook, B. R. Bzdek, J. P. Reid, C. H. Makepeace, J. Deutsch, R. Ascione, J. M. Brown, J. R. Benger, A. E. Pickering
Summary: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation generates high concentrations of respiratory aerosol, suggesting the need for airborne transmission precautions in high-risk pathogen settings.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
V. Hamilton, S. Sheikh, A. Szczepanska, N. Maskell, F. Hamilton, J. P. Reid, B. R. Bzdek, J. R. D. Murray
Summary: This study quantifies the aerosol exposure in orthopaedic surgeries and suggests additional precautions for diathermy and bone sawing to reduce exposure.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alison Bain, Man Nin Chan, Bryan R. R. Bzdek
Summary: Organosulfates make up to 30% of the organic fraction of aerosol. Understanding their physical properties is crucial for predicting their impact on global climate, yet current knowledge is limited. This study measures the physical properties of aqueous solutions containing sodium methyl or ethyl sulfate and compares them with literature data for organosulfates, salts, and organics. The results show that organosulfates have intermediate physical properties between salts and short alkyl chain organics, except for water activity. This work emphasizes the importance of measuring and developing models for the physical properties of abundant atmospheric organosulfates to better understand aerosol's climate impact.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Justice Archer, Lauren P. McCarthy, Henry E. Symons, Natalie A. Watson, Christopher M. Orton, William J. Browne, Joshua Harrison, Benjamin Moseley, Keir E. J. Philip, James D. Calder, Pallav L. Shah, Bryan R. Bzdek, Declan Costello, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This study provides a robust assessment of the absolute particle number and mass exhalation rates from measurements of minute ventilation. The results indicate that children and adults generate similar amounts of aerosol when performing the same activity, and aerosol exhalation rate increases with increasing sound volume.