The Chondroprotective Agent ITZ-1 Inhibits Interleukin-1β-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Production and Suppresses Nitric Oxide-Induced Chondrocyte Death

In a screening program aimed at discovering anti-osteoarthritis (OA) drugs, we identified an imidazo[5,l-c][l,4]thiazine derivative, ITZ-1, that suppressed both interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-induced proteoglycan and collagen release from bovine nasal cartilage in vitro and suppressed intra-articular infusion of IL-1 beta-induced cartilage proteoglycan degradation in rat knee joints. ITZ-1 did not inhibit enzyme activities of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which have pivotal roles in cartilage degradation, while it selectively inhibited IL-1 beta-induced production of MMP-13 in human articular chondrocytes (HAC). IL-1 beta-induced MMP production has been shown to be mediated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38 kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family signal transduction molecules. An ERK-MAPK pathway inhibitor (U0126), but not a p38 kinase inhibitor (SB203580) or a JNK inhibitor (SP600125), also selectively inhibited IL-1 beta-induced MMP-13 production in HAC. Furthermore, ITZ-1 selectively inhibited IL-1 beta-induced ERK activation without affecting p38 kinase and JNK activation, which may account for its selective inhibition of MMP-13 production. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO)-induced chondrocyte apoptosis has been another area of interest as a therapeutic strategy for OA, and ITZ-1 also Suppressed NO-induced death in HAC. These results suggest that ITZ-1 is a promising lead Compound for a disease modifying anti-OA drug program.