Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Mazzuti, Ombretta Turriziani, Ivano Mezzaroma
Summary: Chronic immune activation plays a significant role in HIV-1 disease and CD4+ T-cell depletion. The causes of chronic inflammation and immune activation are not fully understood but are likely multifactorial, involving both direct and indirect stimuli. Possible factors include microbial translocation, coinfection, and persistent replicating virus. Long-term viral suppression treatments are unable to normalize elevated markers of immune activation, and high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increase susceptibility to premature aging of the immune system. This chronic inflammation has led to the development of age-associated diseases in people living with HIV, despite improved quality of life and survival due to antiretroviral therapy. Various approaches have been studied to reduce immune activation and inflammation, but consistent results have not been achieved.
Article
Immunology
Joseph M. Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Adam Rupert, Jeanette Higgins, Ornella Sortino, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Virginia Sheikh, Gregg Roby, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: Severe mycobacterial IRIS in HIV can cause secondary HLH driven by pathologic IFN gamma production and T-cell activation, leading to worse outcomes. Increased ferritin, anemia, CXCL9, and sCD25 associate with this phenotype and may be used for risk stratification and treatment optimization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Quentin Le Hingrat, Irini Sereti, Alan L. Landay, Ivona Pandrea, Cristian Apetrei
Summary: CD4(+) T-cell depletion is a key feature of AIDS in both HIV and SIV infections, occurring early and being most significant at mucosal sites. The clinical outcome is associated with mucosal CD4(+) T-cell recovery during chronic infection, while immune activation and inflammation play critical roles in CD4(+) T-cell depletion.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth Crabb Breen, Mary E. Sehl, Roger Shih, Peter Langfelder, Ruibin Wang, Steve Horvath, Jay H. Bream, Priya Duggal, Jeremy Martinson, Steven M. Wolinsky, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Christina M. Ramirez, Beth D. Jamieson
Summary: Living with HIV infection is associated with accelerated aging, as indicated by epigenetic age acceleration and telomere length shortening. This study demonstrates the early and substantial impact of HIV infection on the epigenetic aging process, suggesting a role for HIV itself in the earlier onset of clinical aging.
Review
Immunology
Yannick Foerster, Lukas Sollfrank, Laura Rechtien, Thomas Harrer, Carola Berking, Michael Sticherling
Summary: This article describes three patients with bullous pemphigoid and concomitant HIV-1 infection. The patients received modern combined antiretroviral therapy and additional treatment based on the severity of their condition. All patients experienced significant improvement in their skin lesions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Leo Placais, Faroudy Boufassa, Camille Lecuroux, Elise Gardiennet, Veronique Avettand-Fenoel, Asier Saez-Cirion, Olivier Lambotte, Nicolas Noel
Summary: In this French cohort of HIV controllers, only 30% of participants required ART during a median follow-up of 14.8 years. The results demonstrate the stability of HIC status and support a patient-centered treatment approach based on individual benefit/risk balance.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gerrit Kann, Nils Wetzstein, Hannah Bielke, Gundolf Schuettfort, Annette E. Haberl, Timo Wolf, Claus P. Kuepper-Tetzel, Imke Wieters, Johanna Kessel, Philipp de Leuw, Markus Bickel, Pavel Khaykin, Christoph Stephan
Summary: The study aimed to identify risk factors and predictors for PCP-IRIS in HIV-infected patients receiving cART during PCPT. Results showed that patients with IRIS had higher re-hospitalization rate, longer hospitalization, and increased intensive care treatment. Higher HIV-RNA level and lower serum IgG levels before cART initiation were associated with the development of IRIS in PCP patients.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Maria Carolina Dos Santos Guedes, Wlisses Henrique Veloso Carvalho-Silva, Jose Leandro Andrade-Santos, Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro, Fabricio Oliveira Souto, Rafael Lima Guimaraes
Summary: The mechanisms causing impaired immunological recovery in HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have not been fully understood yet. A study was conducted on 44 ART-treated HIV-positive patients to analyze T-lymphocytes immunophenotyping and cytokines levels. The patients were classified as immunological non-responders (INR) and immunological responders (IR) based on their CD4+ T cell levels. The study found that thymic exhaustion and increased immune activation are two significant mechanisms contributing to the impaired immune recovery in ART-treated HIV patients.
Article
Immunology
Maura Manion, Afroditi Boulougoura, Nuha Naqvi, Silvia Lucena Lage, Elizabeth Richards, Christopher Grivas, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Safia Kuriakose, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Saber Tadros, Gregg Roby, Adam Rupert, France Galindo, Megan Anderson, Alice Pau, George Deepe, Virginia Sheikh, Irini Sereti
Summary: Limited data exists on the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people with HIV in the combination antiretroviral era. Immunological analysis was performed on 10 cases of histoplasmosis, 4 of which developed histoplasmosis IRIS. Histoplasmosis IRIS patients exhibited a significant polyfunctional cytokine response to histoplasma antigen.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hendrik Streeck, Alvino Maestri, Daniel Habermann, Trevor A. Crowell, Allahna L. Esber, Gowoon Son, Leigh Anne Eller, Michael A. Eller, Ajay P. Parikh, Peter A. Horn, Lucas Maganga, Emmanuel Bahemana, Yakubu Adamu, Francis Kiweewa, Jonah Maswai, John Owuoth, Merlin L. Robb, Nelson L. Michael, Christina S. Polyak, Daniel Hoffmann, Julie A. Ake
Summary: Chronic immune activation in HIV-1 infection is influenced by factors such as HIV viral load, sex, age, region, and ART use. Predictors and associations among biomarkers and co-infections affect biomarkers associated with noncommunicable diseases.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ziqi Wang, Yaxin Zhu, Xiyu Duan, Hao Kang, Bo Qu
Summary: This systematic review summarizes the validated HIV-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in adults living with HIV and AIDS. The review evaluates the psychometric properties of these PROMs using the COSMIN methodology. The findings recommend three PROMs for assessing health outcomes in this population, but highlight the need for further validation and improvement.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wenyuan Zhang, Jisong Yan, Hong Luo, Xianguang Wang, Lianguo Ruan
Summary: This study developed and validated a nomogram model to predict the risk of incomplete immune reconstitution in people living with HIV. The model was based on 5 clinical indicators and showed high performance in both the training and validation sets.
Article
Immunology
Leidan Zhang, Yuqing Wei, Di Wang, Juan Du, Xinyue Wang, Bei Li, Meiqing Jiang, Mengyuan Zhang, Na Chen, Meiju Deng, Chuan Song, Danying Chen, Liang Wu, Jiang Xiao, Hongyuan Liang, Hongxin Zhao, Yaxian Kong
Summary: Persistent immune activation plays a crucial role in CD4(+) T cell depletion and AIDS progression during HIV infection. Foxp3(+) DNT cells accumulate in untreated HIV-infected individuals and are correlated with CD4(+) T cell count, immune activation, and systemic inflammation. These findings suggest that Foxp3(+) DNT cells may serve as a potential target for controlling immune activation during HIV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eun Hwa Lee, Ki Hyun Lee, Se Ju Lee, Jinnam Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Jin Young Ahn, Nam Su Ku, Jun Yong Choi, Joon-Sup Yeom, Su Jin Jeong
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum DHEA levels and immunologic response in HIV/AIDS patients. The results demonstrated that lower DHEA levels were associated with poor immunologic response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Clara Hewitt, Karen C. Lloyd, Shema Tariq, Abigail Durrant, Caroline Claisse, Bakita Kasadha, Jo Gibbs
Summary: The use of PGData in HIV care is still in its early stages, with most studies being observational and conducted in high-income countries, but with small sample sizes. Studies mainly focus on patients' perceptions, opportunities, anticipated barriers, and the potential impact on patient-HCP relationships.