Article
Biology
Songhui Hu, Yurong Wang, Xu Han, Min Dai, Yongxing Zhang, Yuanyuan Ma, Shijun Weng, Lei Xiao
Summary: The study identified the expression of oxytocin receptors in the mouse retina, mainly in GABAergic amacrine cells, especially dopaminergic cells. Exogenous oxytocin application activated retinal dopaminergic neurons and decreased bipolar cell activity through oxytocin and dopamine receptors, suggesting a modulation of visual information processing by oxytocin signaling in the retina from the hypothalamus.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Livia Odagiu, Julia May, Salix Boulet, Troy A. Baldwin, Nathalie Labrecque
Summary: The nuclear orphan receptors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 are immediate early genes induced by various signals, acting as transcription factors in T cells. Their activity is regulated by expression levels rather than ligand binding, impacting aspects of thymic differentiation and peripheral T cell responses.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Fengchun Ye, David Alvarez-Carbonell, Kien Nguyen, Konstantin Leskov, Yoelvis Garcia-Mesa, Sheetal Sreeram, Saba Valadkhan, Jonathan Karn
Summary: This study investigated the direct role of Nurr1 in restricting HIV expression. The results showed that Nurr1 agonists enhanced HIV silencing, while overexpression of Nurr1 suppressed viral expression. Furthermore, Nurr1 also downregulated genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle, and metabolism, promoting HIV latency and microglial homeostasis. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Nurr1 agonists in the treatment of HIV-associated neuroinflammation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sabine Willems, Julian A. Marschner, Whitney Kilu, Giuseppe Faudone, Romy Busch, Silke Duensing-Kropp, Jan Heering, Daniel Merk
Summary: The ligand-sensing transcription factor Nurr1 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative pathologies. Statins can modulate the activity of Nurr1, demonstrating clinically relevant neuroprotective effects.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cullen M. Lilley, Andrea Alarcon, My-Huyen Ngo, Jackeline S. Araujo, Luis Marrero, Kimberlee S. Mix
Summary: The orphan nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2/Nurr1) plays an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is overexpressed in inflamed synovium. The expression of NR4A2 and its upstream regulator, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), increases during disease progression, early expressed in inflamed synovium. Screening of RA-related genes revealed that NR4A receptors and NF-kappa B-1 play central regulatory roles in this model.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natasha de Alwis, Sally Beard, Natalie K. Binder, Natasha Pritchard, Tu'uhevaha J. Kaitu'u-Lino, Susan P. Walker, Owen Stock, Katie M. Groom, Scott Petersen, Amanda Henry, Joanne M. Said, Sean Seeho, Stefan C. Kane, Stephen Tong, Natalie J. Hannan
Summary: The study found elevated circulating NR4A2 transcripts in pregnant women with fetal growth restriction or preeclampsia. However, placental NR4A2 expression remained unchanged, with only cytotrophoblast NR4A2 mRNA expression affected under hypoxic conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hui Yu, Marcelo Rubinstein, Malcolm J. Low
Summary: This study used single-cell RNA sequencing and translating ribosome affinity purification with RNA sequencing to analyze the transcriptome and translatome of developing and mature POMC neurons in the hypothalamus. The results revealed diverse genetic programs specifying the identity and differentiation of arcuate POMC neurons, generating a heterogeneous repertoire of neuronal phenotypes early in development. These findings provide insights into the ontogenetic transcriptional programs of POMC neurons and their role in regulating food intake and energy balance.
Article
Cell Biology
Shufeng Yu, Desislava Met Doycheva, Marcin Gamdzyk, Yuanyuan Gao, Yong Guo, Zackary D. Travis, Jiping Tang, Wen-Xiong Chen, John H. Zhang
Summary: The activation of MC1R with BMS-470539 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in a neonatal HI rat model, improving neurological deficits. This effect is partially mediated by the MC1R/cAMP/PKA/Nurr1 signaling pathway.
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Murad Al-Nusaif, Yushan Lin, Tianbai Li, Cheng Cheng, Weidong Le
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of Parkinson's disease, leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. Inflammatory response, production of inflammatory mediators, and activation of immune cells are hallmarks of this neuroinflammatory process. Nuclear receptor-related transcription factor 1 (NURR1) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons, and its agonists have been shown to reverse abnormalities in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mengjuan Wu, Qinqin Deng, Xinlan Lei, Yuxin Du, Yin Shen
Summary: Elavl2 is involved in the differentiation of amacrine cells during retinogenesis and is essential for maintaining normal retinal function. The loss of Elavl2 leads to a decrease in amacrine cells, which in turn affects visual responses and acuity.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qiu Qian, Yingxiang Xie
Summary: Propofol can counteract cardiomyocyte H/R injury by upregulating NR4A2 and inhibiting miR-449a, thereby promoting cell viability and proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wei-Yi Chen, Xu Han, Ling-Jie Cui, Chen-Xi Yu, Wen-Long Sheng, Jun Yu, Fei Yuan, Yong-Mei Zhong, Xiong-Li Yang, Shi-Jun Weng
Summary: Recent evidence shows that in diabetic mice, M1 ipRGCs remain unchanged while M2/M3 ipRGCs undergo significant remodeling. The resistance of M1 cells may be due to their proximity to capillaries, which protects them from the early stage retinal blood supply impairment.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Piniel Alphayo Kambey, Kouminin Kanwore, Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja, Iqra Nadeem, YinZhen Du, Wokuheleza Buberwa, WenYa Liu, Dianshuai Gao
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with unknown etiology, making it challenging to develop effective therapies. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has shown promise in preclinical studies but has yielded equivocal clinical results. Recent research suggests that the failure of GDNF in clinical trials may be due to a deficiency in nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1), which presents a potential therapeutic target for PD.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Piniel Alphayo Kambey, Chengcheng Ma, Xiaoxiao Guo, Ayanlaja Abiola Abdulrahman, Kouminin Kanwore, Iqra Nadeem, Wu Jiao, Dianshuai Gao
Summary: Recent studies have found that amodiaquine shares chemical scaffold with Nurr1, and can stimulate Nurr1's transcriptional function to generate a protective effect in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, amodiaquine has been shown to promote dopaminergic neuron protection via the P38 Mapk pathway, while possibly not acting on the Akt pathway.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
David E. Phelan, Masahiko Shigemura, Sarah Aldhafiri, Catarina Mota, Thomas J. Hall, Jacob I. Sznajder, Evelyn P. Murphy, Daniel Crean, Eoin P. Cummins
Summary: The NR4A family members NR4A2 and NR4A3 have distinct and common roles in transcriptional regulation in monocytes, with NR4A2 associated with antigen presentation and MHC genes, and NR4A3 linked to viral response pathways. Functional studies suggest preferential roles for NR4A2 in antigen processing and common roles for both NR4A2 and NR4A3 in cell migration. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of action of NR4A2 and NR4A3 in monocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)