Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominik Jarczak, Stefan Kluge, Axel Nierhaus
Summary: Sepsis is a life-threatening global disease burden, with current treatment mainly relying on basic measures and limited effectiveness of adjuvant therapy. Therefore, a deeper understanding of sepsis immunopathophysiology is needed to explore more promising therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nora Moehn, Lea Grote-Levi, Franziska Hopfner, Britta Eiz-Vesper, Britta Maecker-Kolhoff, Clemens Warnke, Kurt-Wolfram Suehs, Mike P. Wattjes, Guenter U. Hoeglinger, Thomas Skripuletz
Summary: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic viral disease of the brain caused by human polyomavirus 2. It affects patients with compromised immune systems and currently has no effective treatment. The primary therapeutic strategy focuses on reconstituting the immune system, with recent studies showing promising effects with anti-PD-1 antibodies and allogeneic virus-specific T cells.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Riccardo Bocchi, Giacomo Masserdotti, Magdalena Goetz
Summary: A successful experiment conducted 20 years ago opened up the field of neuronal reprogramming, which has since made significant progress. These studies are not only important for clinical applications, but also provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms of cell conversion into neurons and the maintenance of neuronal identity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Gui, Zachary Palanza, Haiyan Fu, Dong Zhou
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are global public health problems causing high socioeconomic burden. The etiology of AKI has shifted in recent years, with emerging evidence highlighting DM as an independent risk factor for AKI onset. However, an alternative perspective suggests AKI as a complication of DM. This review aims to comprehensively characterize the features of AKI in DM by summarizing its epidemiology, cellular and molecular mechanisms, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Christina Malainou, Shifaa M. Abdin, Nico Lachmann, Ulric Matt, Susanne Herold
Summary: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a crucial role in lung diseases and their therapeutic potential requires addressing the conflict between inflammation and antibacterial responses, as well as identifying key signaling hubs for targeted interventions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dominik Andreas Moser, Mihai Dricu, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Gaelle Eve Doucet, Tatjana Aue
Summary: This study investigated the neural bases of personal and social optimism biases and their connections using questionnaires and magnetic resonance imaging. The findings suggest that connectivity in networks adjacent to the temporoparietal junction may facilitate the propagation of both personal and social optimism biases, while low connectivity in more frontal networks associated with complex cognition may further promote this propagation.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Review
Dermatology
Hanna Bonnekoh, Luise Erpenbeck
Summary: Neutrophilic dermatoses are a group of diseases characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the affected tissue, presenting with a variety of skin symptoms and often accompanied by systemic symptoms. The pathogenesis of these diseases overlaps with autoinflammatory syndromes, and the signaling pathways of TNF-a, IL-1, IL-12/23 and IL-17 have been found to be relevant. This review focuses on four selected neutrophilic dermatoses and discusses their pathophysiology and novel therapeutic options based on recent findings.
JOURNAL DER DEUTSCHEN DERMATOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT
(2023)
Review
Dermatology
Hanna Bonnekoh, Luise Erpenbeck
Summary: Neutrophilic dermatoses are a group of diseases characterized by infiltration of neutrophils in affected tissue, presenting with various skin symptoms and systemic manifestations. The pathogenesis of these diseases is still not fully understood, but there are overlaps with autoinflammatory syndromes and involvement of signaling pathways such as TNF-a, IL-1, IL-12/23, and IL-17. This review focuses on four specific neutrophilic dermatoses and discusses their pathophysiology and potential therapeutic options based on recent findings.
JOURNAL DER DEUTSCHEN DERMATOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rakesh Kumar Dhritlahre, Ruchika, Yogendra Padwad, Ankit Saneja
Summary: Self-emulsifying formulations have potential to enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of nutraceuticals through various mechanisms such as reducing intra-enterocyte metabolism, inhibiting efflux transporter, and bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Shai Agmon
Summary: The article offers a novel distinction between two concepts of competition: parallel competition and friction competition. In parallel competition, social benefits are derived from the independent efforts of each competitor, while in friction competition, social benefits emerge from the clash between competitors. The author argues that this distinction has significant normative implications for debates over equality, freedom, and democratic institutional design.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krzysztof Gomulka, Michal Ruta
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common complication in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, is the leading cause of blindness among adults. The development of DR is related to chronic hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which induce oxidative stress, formation of advanced glycation end-products, microvascular changes, inflammation, and retinal neurodegeneration as key factors in diabetes-associated retinal perturbations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Adrian Holler, Iwona Cicha, Markus Eckstein, Marlen Haderlein, Marina Poettler, Anja Rappl, Heinrich Iro, Christoph Alexiou
Summary: This study analyzed extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) cases and found that surgical resection alone can achieve long-term tumor control without serious functional impairment. Radiation therapy or a combination of surgery and radiation therapy is also suggested for effective local tumor control.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Matteo Haupt, Stefan T. Gerner, Hagen B. Huttner, Thorsten R. Doeppner
Summary: Various preclinical stroke models have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different types of cells can have neuroprotective effects. The effectiveness of EVs depends on their specific contents, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids. Modifying the environment of the EV-secreting cells can enhance the neuroprotective effects. Preconditioned EVs hold promise for the future treatment of ischemic stroke.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Uswa Shahzad, Stacey Krumholtz, James T. Rutka, Sunit Das
Summary: Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of genomic regulators, ushering in a new era in molecular biology. With the advent of advanced genetic sequencing technology, several different classes of ncRNAs have been uncovered, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have been linked to many important developmental and disease processes and are being pursued as clinical and therapeutic targets.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Espen Berthung, Nils Gutacker, Oddgeir Friborg, Birgit Abelsen, Jan Abel Olsen
Summary: This study investigated the independent impact of resilience on labor market participation and its moderating effect on the impact of health shocks on labor market participation. The results showed that higher levels of resilience are associated with full-time work, but no evidence was found that resilience moderates the relationship between health shocks and labor market participation.