Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Petra Roskaric, Marcela Speranda, Tomislav Masek, Donatella Verbanac, Kristina Starcevic
Summary: The study shows that fructose intake leads to increased blood lipids, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, as well as elevated monounsaturated fatty acid levels in adipose tissue. However, supplementation with DHA can reduce oxidative stress and improve adiponectin levels.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
N. Ma, Y. Liang, D. N. Coleman, Y. Li, H. Ding, F. Liu, F. F. Cardoso, C. Parys, F. C. Cardoso, X. Shen, J. J. Loor
Summary: Enhanced post-ruminal supply of methionine affects protein abundance of insulin, amino acids, and antioxidant signaling pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is unclear if SAT directly responds to methionine supply and induces molecular alterations. The study showed that increased methionine supply during an oxidative stress challenge can alter protein abundance related to insulin, amino acids, inflammation, and antioxidant signaling pathways.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhuang Li, Enchen Zhou, Cong Liu, Hope Wicks, Sena Yildiz, Farhana Razack, Zhixiong Ying, Sander Kooijman, Debby P. Y. Koonen, Marieke Heijink, Sarantos Kostidis, Martin Giera, Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders, Ed J. Kuijper, Wiep Klaas Smits, Ko Willems van Dijk, Patrick C. N. Rensen, Yanan Wang
Summary: This study found that short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, do not have multiple metabolic benefits in individuals with metabolic syndrome. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The researchers used antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to investigate the role of gut microbiota in the metabolic benefits of dietary butyrate. They found that dietary butyrate reduced appetite and ameliorated high-fat diet-induced weight gain, and these effects were dependent on the presence of gut microbiota.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pamela A. Nono Nankam, Manuel Cornely, Nora Kloeting, Matthias Blueher
Summary: Lipedema is a model for healthy expandability of subcutaneous adipose tissue, characterized by disproportional and symmetrical accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the lower-body parts and extremities. Women with lipedema have better glucose metabolism regulation and higher adiponectin levels, but also higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers compared to controls.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maya Zachut, G. Andres Contreras
Summary: During the periparturient period, lipolysis in adipose tissue generates free radicals and triggers inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. In healthy cows, antioxidant defenses neutralize free radicals and resolve inflammation associated with remodeling. However, in cows with exacerbated lipolysis, oxidative stress impairs adipocyte response to insulin.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhen Luo, Qingying Gao, Yuanfei Li, Yifei Bai, Jing Zhang, Weina Xu, Jianxiong Xu
Summary: The study found that Flammulina velutipes mycorrhizae contain abundant trace elements, polysaccharide, amino acids and derivatives, and organic compounds. They were effective in attenuating high fat diet-induced lipid disorder, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the liver and perirenal adipose tissue of mice, indicating their potential applications in functional foods and herbal medicine.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Klaudia Berk, Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka, Tomasz Charytoniuk, Ewa Harasim-Symbor, Adrian Chabowski
Summary: Available data suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) can improve symptoms of insulin resistance by modulating sphingolipid concentrations. CBD reduces ceramide content in adipose tissues, enhancing insulin sensitivity. Therefore, CBD may be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jesus Fernandez-Felipe, Adrian Plaza, Gema Dominguez, Javier Perez-Castells, Victoria Cano, Francesco Cioni, Nuria Del Olmo, Mariano Ruiz-Gayo, Beatriz Merino
Summary: High-fat diets enriched with lauric acid do not increase leptin production and reduce the effect of leptin on kinase phosphorylation. Both high-fat diets affect adipocyte-size distribution and gene expression related to adipogenesis and inflammation. The composition of white adipose tissue is different between the two diets, which may impact the biophysical properties and signaling of leptin receptor.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Gilles Tinant, Melusine Van Larebekea, Benjamin Lemaire, Marine Courteille, Cecile Gardin, Ineke Neefs, Krishna Das, Melissa M. Page, Jean-Francois Rees, Yvan Larondelle, Cathy Debier
Summary: This study investigated the impacts of dietary MeHg and fatty acids on lipid metabolism in rainbow trout. The results showed that a diet enriched in linoleic acid (LA) increased the overall lipid content, while the addition of MeHg significantly reduced the lipid content. The size of adipocytes was influenced by both LA and MeHg. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and liver was significantly altered by the dietary fatty acids. Exposure to MeHg led to a release of n-6 PUFA from the hepatic membranes. This study highlights the important impact of MeHg exposure and dietary fatty acids on lipid metabolism in fish.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pavel Hruska, Jan Kucera, Matej Pekar, Pavol Holeczy, Miloslav Mazur, Marek Buzga, Daniela Kuruczova, Peter Lenart, Jana Fialova Kucerova, David Potesil, Zbynek Zdrahal, Julie Bienertova-Vasku
Summary: The study compared the proteomic profiles of mature adipocytes from different adipose tissue depots, with findings showing that subcutaneous adipocytes are more active in vesicular transport, secretion, and lipid metabolism, while visceral adipocytes have higher protein expression related to mitochondrial energy metabolism and translational or biosynthetic activity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tiziana Zotti, Antonia Giacco, Arianna Cuomo, Luigi Cerulo, Giuseppe Petito, Stefania Iervolino, Rosalba Senese, Federica Cioffi, Pasquale Vito, Gaetano Cardinale, Elena Silvestri, Assunta Lombardi, Maria Moreno, Antonia Lanni, Pieter de Lange
Summary: Combining exercise with fasting can increase the release of fatty acids from adipose tissues, providing fuel for surrounding organs. This study compared the effect of fasting and exercise on fatty acid composition in different adipose tissue depots, and found that exercise combined with fasting led to increased fatty acid mobilization from visceral adipose tissue.
Article
Cell Biology
Nicholas Borcherding, Wentong Jia, Rocky Giwa, Rachael L. Field, John R. Moley, Benjamin J. Kopecky, Mandy M. Chan, Bin Q. Yang, Jessica M. Sabio, Emma C. Walker, Omar Osorio, Andrea L. Bredemeyer, Terri Pietka, Jennifer Alexander-Brett, Sharon Celeste Morley, Maxim N. Artyomov, Nada A. Abumrad, Joel Schilling, Kory Lavine, Clair Crewe, Jonathan R. Brestoff
Summary: Adipocytes transfer mitochondria to macrophages to maintain metabolic homeostasis, but this transfer is inhibited in obesity. Lard-rich diet diverts mitochondria into the blood for delivery to other organs, such as the heart.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Albena Momchilova, Roumen Pankov, Alexander Alexandrov, Tania Markovska, Stefan Pankov, Plamen Krastev, Galya Staneva, Evgenia Vassileva, Nikolai Krastev, Adriana Pinkas
Summary: This study analyzed the lipid composition and sphingolipid-catabolizing enzymes in the blood of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and found changes in the levels of sphingomyelin and its products. The activity of acid sphingomyelinase and alkaline ceramidase also showed alterations. Additionally, differences in the ratios of saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed, which could potentially serve as markers for distinguishing MS patients from healthy controls. The application of lipid analysis in medical practice could contribute to more precise diagnosis, analysis of disease progression, and evaluation of therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marek Straczkowzk, Magdalena Stefanowicz, Agnieszka Nikolajuk, Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue circadian genes as they relate to obesity and insulin sensitivity before and after diet-induced weight loss. The study found that the expression of circadian genes was lower in individuals who were overweight/obese compared to those with normal weight, and this expression increased after weight loss. The expression of certain circadian genes, NR1D2 and DBP, was specifically associated with insulin action.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Linghui Wang, Hao Gu, Tianci Liao, Yuhang Lei, Yanhao Qiu, Qiuyang Chen, Lei Chen, Shunhua Zhang, Jinyong Wang, Xiaoxia Hao, Dongmei Jiang, Ye Zhao, Lili Niu, Xuewei Li, Linyuan Shen, Mailin Gan, Li Zhu
Summary: By sequencing, identifying, and analyzing tsRNAs using pigs as animal models, this research reports the characteristics of tsRNAs in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). A total of 474 tsRNAs, with differential expression in endocrine and immune systems, as well as lipid metabolism, were found in white adipose tissue (WAT). The study also discovered a connection between the activity of the host tRNA engaged in translation and the production of tsRNAs. Furthermore, tsRNAs and miRNAs were found to be involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fernando Vidal-Ostos, Omar Ramos-Lopez, Ellen E. Blaak, Arne Astrup, Jose Alfredo Martinez
Summary: The study found that the TyG index is a good predictor of weight loss induced by LCD, with higher TyG values being associated with greater fat loss. Additionally, differences in TyG index between time points were positively correlated with body fat changes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicole Jacqueline Jensen, Mads Norvin Thomsen, Mads Juul Skytte, Arne Astrup, Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak, Steen Bendix Haugaard, Thure Krarup, Jorgen Rungby
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Caroline M. Apovian, Louis J. Aronne, Arne Astrup, Lewis C. Cantley, Cara B. Ebbeling, Steven B. Heymsfield, James D. Johnson, Janet C. King, Ronald M. Krauss, Gary Taubes, Jeff S. Volek, Eric C. Westman, Walter C. Willett, William S. Yancy, Mark Friedman
Summary: The obesity pandemic continues to spread despite efforts to decrease energy intake and increase energy expenditure. There are two possible explanations for this failure: the public has not fully embraced the current approach, or the approach itself is based on an erroneous paradigm. The energy balance model attributes obesity to overeating, while the carbohydrate-insulin model suggests that hormonal responses to processed carbohydrates lead to energy deposition in adipose tissue. Resolving the deficiencies in the energy balance model is crucial to inform prevention and treatment strategies, but both models agree on targeting processed carbohydrates as major drivers of obesity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faidon Magkos, Sidse Rasmussen, Mads F. Hjorth, Sarah Asping, Maria Rosenkrans, Anders M. Sjodin, Arne Astrup, Nina R. W. Geiker
Summary: This study found that healthy diets containing small or large amounts of unprocessed beef had similar effects on body weight, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular risk factors during the first 3 months after clinically significant rapid weight loss.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Morten Lyng Hogild, Astrid Johannesson Hjelholt, Jakob Hansen, Steen Bonlokke Pedersen, Niels Moller, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Mogens Johannsen, Niels Jessen, Jens Otto Lunde Jorgensen
Summary: This study reveals that administration of β-OHB can increase insulin sensitivity by suppressing lipolysis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nikita Misella Hansen, Peder Berg, Marianne Rix, Manan Pareek, Jens Leipziger, Anne -Lise Kamper, Arne Astrup, Mads Vaarby Sorensen, Louise Salomo
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the New Nordic Renal Diet (NNRD) on metabolic acidosis and uremic toxins in patients with moderate CKD. The results showed that one week of NNRD effectively improved metabolic acidosis and reduced urinary excretion of uric acid and uremic toxins. These results provide encouragement for further investigations on the long-term renal protection effects of NNRD in patients with CKD.
JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen L. James, Erik R. Gertz, Catherine P. Kirschke, Hooman Allayee, Liping Huang, Mary E. Kable, John W. Newman, Charles B. Stephensen, Brian J. Bennett
Summary: In this study, a mixed macronutrient tolerance test was conducted to investigate the changes in plasma TMAO levels in response to different factors. It was found that TMAO levels increased with age in females but not in males. The relationship between TMAO levels and fecal microbiome and FMO3 genotype was limited, while a strong correlation between TMAO levels and TNF-alpha was observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Iryna Rybak, Kelly N. Haas, Simran K. Dhaliwal, Waqas A. Burney, Aunna Pourang, Simran S. Sandhu, Jessica Maloh, John W. Newman, Robert Crawford, Raja K. Sivamani
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral spore-based probiotic ingestion on the gut microbiome, plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and skin biophysical properties. The results showed that probiotic supplementation led to a decrease in facial sebum excretion rate and an overall increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Participants with acne showed improvements in lesion counts and markers of gut permeability. The gut microbiome of the nonacne population had an increase in Akkermansia, while those with acne had an increase in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus gnavus. Preliminary evidence suggests the potential use of spore-based probiotic supplementation for modulating the gut microbiome and increasing SCFAs in both acne and nonacne populations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mai C. Arlien-Soborg, Jakob Dal, Michael Alle Madsen, Morten Lyng Hogild, Steen B. Pedersen, Niels Jessen, Jens O. L. Jorgensen, Niels Moller
Summary: Active acromegaly induces reversible changes in whole-body and skeletal muscle protein kinetics, with a decrease in whole-body protein breakdown and synthesis, and unaltered forearm muscle protein kinetics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bruce A. Watkins, John W. Newman, George A. Kuchel, Oliver Fiehn, Jeffrey Kim
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and found that DHA-enriched diet can alter energy metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, reducing the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mette Viuff, Anne Skakkebaek, Emma B. Johannsen, Simon Chang, Steen Bonlykke Pedersen, Katrine Meyer Lauritsen, Mette Glavind Bulow Pedersen, Christian Trolle, Jesper Just, Claus H. Gravholt
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the effects of the X chromosome number on the transcriptome and methylome in blood, fat, and muscle tissue of individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). It was found that X chromosome number globally affected the transcriptome and methylome in a tissue-specific manner. The study also identified different gene expression and methylation patterns between 45,X and 47,XXY, and observed a significant effect of sex in fat and muscle tissue. Additionally, the study found regulatory functions of Y chromosomal genes on X chromosomal genes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anita Wen, Ying Zhu, Sook Wah Yee, Brian I. Park, Kathleen M. Giacomini, Andrew S. Greenberg, John W. Newman
Summary: The Thiamine Transporter 2 (THTR2) encoded by SLC19A3 plays an undefined role in maintaining tissue thiamine levels. In this study, the impact of THTR2 on thiamine status and metabolism was evaluated in mice. The loss of THTR2 resulted in lower plasma and brain thiamine levels and altered brain metabolome. This suggests that THTR2 mutation or inhibition may affect thiamine storage and metabolism in the brain.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vivi-Nelli Makinen, Stine Horskaer Madsen, Mette Ji Riis-Vestergaard, Mette Bjerre, Steen Bonlokke Pedersen, Sylvia L. Asa, Lars Rolighed, Jens Otto Lunde Jorgensen, Marie Juul Ornstrup
Summary: This case report describes a rare presentation of ectopic Cushing's syndrome (CS) caused by ectopic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) production from a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Importantly, it highlights the need to consider rare causes of CS when diagnostic test results are ambiguous.
ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES AND METABOLISM CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cheryl Achterberg, Arne Astrup, Dennis M. Bier, Janet C. King, Ronald M. Krauss, Nina Teicholz, Jeff S. Volek
Summary: This paper discusses the issues with the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans over the past 40 years, including the insufficient assessment of scientific evidence and lack of transparency in the guideline development process. The paper highlights that the current guidelines have not fully adhered to the relevant laws and regulations, resulting in a lack of independence for the expert committee evaluating the science and a continued absence of a fully rigorous scientific process.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nina R. W. Geiker, Faidon Magkos, Helle Zingenberg, Jens Svare, Elizaveta Chabanova, Henrik S. Thomsen, Christian Ritz, Arne Astrup
Summary: Increasing dietary protein and reducing glycemic index during the last two trimesters of pregnancy can effectively reduce gestational weight gain and risk of complications, as well as decrease the rate of cesarean deliveries among overweight or obese pregnant women.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
