Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Charlotte Wallaeys, Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez, Claude Libert
Summary: Paneth cells, located in the crypts of Lieberkuhn of the small intestine, play diverse roles in maintaining intestinal health by providing niche factors, regulating microbiome composition, performing phagocytosis and efferocytosis, taking up heavy metals, and preserving barrier integrity. Dysfunctions in these functions can lead to inflammatory and infectious diseases. This review discusses the functions, mechanisms, consequences of Paneth cell dysfunction, and available tools for studying Paneth cells.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Connie Fung, Lisa M. Fraser, Gabriel M. Barron, Matthew B. Gologorsky, Samantha N. Atkinson, Elias R. Gerrick, Michael Hayward, Jennifer Ziegelbauer, Jessica A. Li, Katherine F. Nico, Miles D. W. Tyner, Leila B. DeSchepper, Amy Pan, Nita H. Salzman, Michael R. Howitt
Summary: Succinate produced by commensal protist T. mu stimulates tuft cells, leading to type 2 immunity. Microbial-derived succinate increases Paneth cell numbers and alters the AMP landscape in the small intestine. Tuft cells utilize SUCNR1 and succinate sensing to modulate bacterial homeostasis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathalie Coutry, Julie Nguyen, Salima Soualhi, Francois Gerbe, Victoria Meslier, Valerie Dardalhon, Mathieu Almeida, Benoit Quinquis, Florence Thirion, Fabien Herbert, Imene Gasmi, Ali Lamrani, Alicia Giordano, Pierre Cesses, Laure Garnier, Steeve Thirard, Denis Greuet, Chantal Cazevieille, Florence Bernex, Christelle Bressuire, Douglas Winton, Ichiro Matsumoto, Herve M. Naomi And, Naomi Taylor, Philippe Jay
Summary: Imbalance of gut microbiota is associated with pathological conditions. We propose a three-step mechanism for dysbiosis initiation, involving Paneth cell dysfunction, activation of epithelial tuft cells, and chronic inflammation. Paneth cells play an essential role in maintaining a balanced microbiota and preventing dysbiosis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Fabiola Puertolas-Balint, Bjoern O. O. Schroeder
Summary: Diet has a stronger impact on shaping the gut microbial community composition than defensins. However, defensins can modulate specific microbial taxa and protect the host from diet-induced metabolic dysfunction.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Wei, Xue-Sen Wen, Cory J. Xian
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is a painful condition that affects a significant number of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Recent research has highlighted the relationship between dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and mucositis, showing that chemotherapy can shape the microbiota and worsen mucositis through TLR signaling pathways. This review aims to explore how gut microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mucositis and provide potential new strategies for treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Danieli F. Buccini, Beatriz C. Roriz, Julia M. Rodrigues, Octavio L. Franco
Summary: Antimicrobial peptides are important molecules in the organism's defense system. They can modulate the immune system and recognize molecules present in pathogens. Overstimulation of TLR4 can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses, which can be counteracted by antimicrobial peptides.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Karsten Eichholz, Tuan Hiep Tran, Coraline Cheneau, Thi Thu Phuong Tran, Oceane Paris, Martine Pugniere, Eric J. Kremer
Summary: This study examines the interactions between danger-associated molecular patterns and human adenoviruses and their impact on vaccines. The interaction between human adenoviruses and HNP-1 can modify the response of antigen-presenting cells, influencing vaccine efficacy. HNP-1 binds to the capsids of human adenoviruses and directs them to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to internalization, inflammasome response, and IL-1β release.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuwen Wu, Yuan Zhang, Jingchang Ma, Yongming Liu, Wenpeng Li, Tingting Wang, Xuexue Xu, Yuling Wang, Kun Cheng, Ran Zhuang
Summary: This study reveals the important role of IL-6 in mucosal immune cells and its interaction with gut microbiota. IL-6 loss can alter the composition of gut microbiota and affect the maintenance of immune cells, triggering mucosal immune response.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Roberto Bello-Madruga, Javier Valle, M. Angeles Jimenez, Marc Torrent, Vivian Montero-Alejo, David Andreu
Summary: Beta-defensins are a highly abundant and studied family of antimicrobial peptides. A study on a beta-defensin-like peptide (PaD) found in spiny lobsters shows that the C-terminus of the peptide is the main determinant of its antibacterial activity. Synthetic versions of PaD and its C-terminus were found to have enhanced antimicrobial activity and binding to bacterial membranes. These findings suggest that the C-terminus of PaD is a promising target for the development of novel anti-infective drugs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenbin Cui, Xinru Wang, Yao Zheng, Lindeng Li, Fangke Wang, Hongkui Wei, Jian Peng
Summary: A study found that treatment with deoxynivalenol (DON) reduced the number of Paneth cells in mouse intestines. However, disrupting Paneth cells using dithizone worsened intestinal injury and affected intestinal stem cells and microbiota in DON-treated mice. Surprisingly, the number of goblet cells and proliferative cells increased after treatment with dithizone and DON.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Soohyung Lee, Inkyu Yoo, Yugyeong Cheon, Minsun Hong, Bo-Young Jeon, Hakhyun Ka
Summary: Members of the beta-defensin family are expressed specifically at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs, protecting the maternal endometrial and conceptus tissues from pathogens and regulating innate immunity to preserve fertility.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Malgorzata Gierynska, Lidia Szulc-Dabrowska, Justyna Struzik, Matylda Barbara Mielcarska, Karolina Paulina Gregorczyk-Zboroch
Summary: This article discusses the importance of the gastrointestinal tract and the key mechanisms of communication between the gut microbiota and epithelial cells in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The article emphasizes the role of the mucosal barrier and how intestinal epithelial cells maintain barrier integrity through mucus secretion, formation of intercellular junctions, and production of antimicrobial peptides. The article also discusses how imbalances in regulation can lead to barrier damage and dysbiosis, contributing to inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
Review
Immunology
Yujing Fan, Yunpeng Li, Yanjie Chu, Jing Liu, Lin Cui, Dekai Zhang
Summary: Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality in clinics, and with increasing alcohol consumption and obesity in current lifestyles, the situation may worsen. Correction of intestinal flora imbalance and targeting TLRs could provide novel and promising strategies for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Erpeng Yang, Jun Shen
Summary: Paneth cells play critical roles in controlling gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal homeostasis by secreting alpha-defensins. Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease, is closely related to Paneth cells, which are identified as the central element of the pathogenesis.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Anja Baumann, Angelica Hernandez-Arriaga, Annette Brandt, Victor Sanchez, Anika Nier, Finn Jung, Richard Kehm, Annika Hoehn, Tilman Grune, Christiane Frahm, Otto Wilhelm Witte, Amelia Camarinha-Silva, Ina Bergheim
Summary: Although there were no consistent and robust changes in microbiota composition in the small and/or large intestine of mice of different ages, the data suggest that alterations in markers of intestinal barrier function in the small intestine are associated with an induction of several Tlrs and the onset of hepatic inflammation in older mice, which increases with age.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yongbo She, Kun Wang, Alexander Makarowski, Rabban Mangat, Sue Tsai, Benjamin P. Willing, Spencer D. Proctor, Caroline Richard
Summary: This study investigated the effects of consuming high-fat and low-fat dairy products on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors and intestinal immune function using a low birthweight swine model. The results showed that dairy consumption, regardless of fat content, did not have an impact on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors. However, low-fat dairy products were found to significantly improve intestinal T cell function compared to high-fat dairy products in this model of obesity and insulin resistance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin Tsai, Caixia Ma, Xiao Han, Joannie Allaire, Genelle R. Lunken, Shauna M. Crowley, Hongbing Yu, Kevan Jacobson, Lijun Xia, John J. Priatel, Bruce A. Vallance
Summary: This article introduces a flow cytometry-based method of measuring intestinal permeability. By detecting orally gavaged ovalbumin (OVA) leaking from the gut and using minute blood samples collected from the tail vein, it allows for repeated testing of the same animal at multiple time points to measure intestinal permeability. The OVA assay shows high sensitivity and effectiveness compared to current methods.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenjie Shi, Kaixin Peng, Hongbing Yu, Zi Wang, Shuhong Xia, Siqi Xiao, Dean Tian, Bruce A. Vallance, Qin Yu
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease. Autotaxin (ATX) is associated with increased inflammatory molecules, however, its effect on IBD is not well understood. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of ATX affecting autophagy leading to the disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier, thereby exacerbating colitis. The results showed that ATX can inhibit autophagy through the mTOR pathway, resulting in exaggerated damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier during colitis. These findings suggest that ATX may be a key pro-colitic factor, and represent a potential therapeutic target for treating IBD in the future.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexandra E. Livanos, Alexandra Dunn, Jeremy Fischer, Ryan C. Ungaro, Williams Turpin, Sun -Ho Lee, Shumin Rui, Diane Marie Del Valle, Julia J. Jougon, Gustavo Martinez-Delgado, Mark S. Riddle, Joseph A. Murray, Renee M. Laird, Joana Torres, Manasi Agrawal, Jared S. Magee, Thierry Dervieux, Sacha Gnjatic, Dean Sheppard, Bruce E. Sands, Chad K. Poster, Kenneth Croitoru, Francesca Petralia, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Saurabh Mehandru
Summary: This study found that anti-integrin avfi6 autoantibodies are present in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and are associated with disease development and outcomes before diagnosis. These findings suggest that anti-avfi6 antibodies may be a useful biomarker for prediction and prognosis of UC.
Article
Microbiology
Andrew J. J. Forgie, Deanna M. M. Pepin, Tingting Ju, Stephanie Tollenaar, Consolato M. M. Sergi, Samantha Gruenheid, Benjamin P. P. Willing
Summary: This study found that vitamin B12 supplementation can alter the activities of certain microbial populations in the gut, promoting the colonization of a specific pathogen (Citrobacter rodentium) in mice. These changes were associated with alterations in markers of gut inflammation. The results suggest that excessive B12 supplementation may have consequences on microbial competition/sharing in the gut.
Article
Microbiology
Yi Fan, Tingting Ju, Tulika Bhardwaj, Douglas R. R. Korver, Benjamin P. P. Willing
Summary: This study demonstrated that having a microbiome with elevated levels of Bacteroides in early life may have beneficial effects on the chicken host, specifically in improving short-chain fatty acid production and gut health. However, limited information is available regarding the comparison of Bacteroides compositions in the chicken gut microbial communities and their impact on microbial functionality and host responses.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Maanasa Mudoor Sooresh, Benjamin P. Willing, Benjamin C. T. Bourrie
Summary: Spontaneous fermentations have played an important role in the early development of society and are still widely practiced today. Research on spontaneous fermentations is currently limited to observation and description, but further understanding of microbial community assembly and its impact on fermentation dynamics is crucial. This review discusses the factors influencing microbial community assembly, focusing on yeasts and bacteria isolated from spontaneously fermenting food and beverages. Controlled culture experiments provide insight into microbial interactions, and there is a need for research on the role of core microbiota and strain-level implications in fermentation outcomes. Translating these findings can improve fermentation systems and ensure consistent and high-quality products.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Camila S. S. Marcolla, Tingting Ju, Benjamin P. P. Willing
Summary: This study aimed to identify bacteria that can colonize and persist in the chicken gut after a single exposure. The research found that various bacteria can successfully colonize the chicken gut, and different delivery methods such as oral gavage, spraying, and cohousing can be used for microbial transplantation. These findings will guide future research on the development of next-generation probiotics that can colonize and persist in the chicken intestinal tract.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tingting Ju, Benjamin C. T. Bourrie, Andrew J. Forgie, Deanna M. Pepin, Stephanie Tollenaar, Consolato M. Sergi, Benjamin P. Willing
Summary: Changes in the gut microbiota have been associated with metabolic endotoxemia, contributing to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Escherichia coli, induced by a high-fat diet is linked to impaired glucose homeostasis. However, the role of Enterobacteriaceae in promoting metabolic disease in a complex gut microbial community in response to an HFD is still unclear.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Benjamin C. T. Bourrie, Andrew J. Forgie, Alexander Makarowski, Paul D. Cotter, Caroline Richard, Benjamin P. Willing
Summary: This study compared the effects of commercial kefir without traditional kefir organisms and pitched kefir containing traditional organisms on lipid levels, glucose homeostasis, and markers of endothelial function and inflammation. The findings showed that pitched kefir consumption led to reductions in LDL-C, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, while commercial kefir consumption increased TNF-α levels.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay, Williams Turpin, Sun-Ho Lee, Michelle I. Smith, Ashleigh Goethel, Anne M. Griffiths, Paul Moayyedi, Osvaldo Espin-Garcia, Maria Abreu, Guy L. Aumais, Charles N. Bernstein, Irit A. Biron, Maria Cino, Colette Deslandres, Iris Dotan, Wael El-Matary, Brian Feagan, David S. Guttman, Hien Huynh, Levinus A. Dieleman, Jeffrey S. Hyams, Kevan Jacobson, David Mack, John K. Marshall, Anthony Otley, Remo Panaccione, Mark Ropeleski, Mark S. Silverberg, A. Hillary Steinhart, Dan Turner, Baruch Yerushalmi, Andrew D. Paterson, Kenneth Croitoru, W. Xu
Summary: This study is the first to demonstrate that gut microbiome composition is associated with the future onset of Crohn's disease (CD), suggesting that gut microbiome is a contributor in the pathogenesis of CD.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tausha L. Prisnee, Rajibur Rahman, Janelle M. Fouhse, Andrew G. Van Kessel, Ryan K. Brook, Benjamin P. Willing
Summary: This study analyzed the mycobiome of pigs over the course of one production cycle and compared it to the mycobiome of feral pigs. It found that early-life fungal community composition or host genetics can influence long-term mycobiome composition. Additionally, it provided the first comparison of the mycobiome of feral pigs to intensively raised pigs.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Paola Solis Ares, Gautam Gaur, Benjamin P. Willing, Fabian Weber, Andreas Schieber, Michael G. Ganzle
Summary: This study aimed to determine the structure-function relationships of monomeric and oligomeric flavan-3-ols (procyanidins) in relation to their antimicrobial activity and inhibition of digestive enzymes. Antimicrobial activity against intestinal microorganisms increased in the order of catechin = epicatechin > epigallocatechin, and oligomeric procyanidins > epigallocatechin gallate. The inhibition of digestive enzymes from rat small intestine increased in the order of catechin < epicatechin and oligomeric procyanidins < epigallocatechin < epigallocatechin gallate.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyunjin Jeong, Eun-Hye Hong, Jae-Hee Ahn, Jaewon Cho, Jae-Hyeon Jeong, Chae-Won Kim, Byung-Il Yoon, Ja Hyun Koo, Yun-Yong Park, Yoon Mee Yang, Takao Iwawaki, Bruce A. Vallance, Sun-Young Chang, Hyun-Jeong Ko
Summary: A study on inflammatory bowel disease reveals that an enzyme can protect intestinal goblet cells from cell death during gut inflammation. Modifying the molecular mechanisms of this enzyme could potentially prevent and treat inflammatory bowel disease.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Camila S. Marcolla, Tingting Ju, Hannah L. Lantz, Benjamin P. Willing
Summary: Intensive broiler production practices may minimize the exposure of broilers to beneficial commensal bacteria. This study found significant differences in the microbiota of broilers between intensive and extensive production systems, with extensive production systems showing higher diversity and greater functional potential.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)