Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Francois Pelletier, Erwann Durand, Jatuporn Chaiyut, Clemence Bronstein, Laurence Pessemesse, Laurent Vaysse, Siriluck Liengprayoon, Sylvie Gaillet, Thomas Brioche, Christelle Bertrand-Gaday, Charles Coudray, Ariane Sultan, Christine Feillet-Coudray, Francois Casas
Summary: Skeletal muscle is essential for locomotion and energy homeostasis, and it is regulated by nutrition, genetics, physical activity, and hormones. Research has shown that a dietary supplement of furan fatty acid can reduce metabolic disorders. This study demonstrated that FuFA-F2 extracted from Hevea brasiliensis latex can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and increase muscle mass in vitro and in mice, resembling the effects of physical activity.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caterina Miro, Annarita Nappi, Serena Sagliocchi, Emery Di Cicco, Melania Murolo, Sepehr Torabinejad, Lucia Acampora, Arianna Pastore, Paolo Luciano, Evelina La Civita, Daniela Terracciano, Mariano Stornaiuolo, Monica Dentice, Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
Summary: Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating muscle formation and energy utilization by modulating carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. They can change the lipid composition and fatty acid ratio in skeletal muscle, with increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acids improving insulin sensitivity and endurance exercise.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jorge L. Petro, Maria Carolina Fragozo-Ramos, Andres F. Milan, Juan C. Aristizabal, Jaime A. Gallo-Villegas, Juan C. Calderon
Summary: This cross-sectional study found that serum myonectin levels are lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) compared to those without MS. Serum myonectin is negatively correlated with the android/gynoid fat mass ratio, but not with lipid profile, free fatty acids, intramuscular lipid content, or insulin resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo E. Morales, Matias Monsalves-Alvarez, Satya Murthy Tadinada, Matthew P. Harris, Andrea Ramirez-Sagredo, Jafet Ortiz-Quintero, Mayarling Francisca Troncoso, Nicole De Gregorio, Ximena Calle, Renata O. Pereira, Vitor A. Lira, Alejandra Espinosa, E. Dale Abel, Sergio Lavandero
Summary: The study found that high-fat diet induced differential regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial activity in different skeletal muscles of mice. After high-fat diet feeding, oxidative soleus muscle showed increased OXPHOS subunits and mitochondrial DNA content, while gastrocnemius muscle exhibited an increase in mitochondrial mass only after 40 weeks. Defects in autophagy may alter mitochondrial respiratory activity in response to obesogenic diet.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ailma O. da Paixao, Anaysa Paola Bolin, Joao G. Silvestre, Alice Cristina Rodrigues
Summary: The saturated fatty acid palmitic acid negatively affects muscle tube diameter, fusion, and metabolism, which may be related to miR-206.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Joanna Zochowska-Kujawska, Marek Kotowicz, Malgorzata Sobczak, Slawomir Lisiecki
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fibre type on the fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation in dry-cured ham. The results showed that wild boar meat had a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) but lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to deer meat. Furthermore, wild boar meat was more susceptible to oxidative changes. On the other hand, fallow deer meat had the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the lowest levels of MUFA and PUFA.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marc Gilbert
Summary: Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic inflexibility, ectopic accumulation of triglyceride in skeletal muscle, and impaired insulin signaling. Both excessive mitochondrial FA oxidation and inflammatory signals from FA oversupply contribute to this phenomenon. Proper dietary control and physical exercise may help improve insulin sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Fabienne Le Grand, Pablo Brosset, Christophe Lebigre, Philippe Soudant, Marie Vagner, Laure Pecquerie, Fany Sardenne
Summary: Small pelagic fishes such as sardine and anchovy have high levels of essential fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The bioavailability of these fatty acids may depend on their esterification to polar or neutral lipids. This study compared the EPA and DHA content in neutral and polar lipids in sardine and anchovy fillets, finding that sardine had higher overall EPA+DHA content, while anchovy had higher DHA esterified to polar lipids. The study also highlighted the importance of red muscle in providing essential dietary fatty acids and the need to consider it in nutrition studies.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Zhao-Bo Luo, Shengzhong Han, Xi-Jun Yin, Hongye Liu, Junxia Wang, Meifu Xuan, Chunyun Hao, Danqi Wang, Yize Liu, Shuangyan Chang, Dongxu Li, Kai Gao, Huiling Li, Biaohu Quan, Lin-Hu Quan, Jin-Dan Kang
Summary: The host genome and intestinal microbiota have mutual influences on each other. Deletion of the myostatin (MSTN) gene in pigs positively regulates the expression of tight junction-related genes in the intestine, leading to changes in the structure of the intestinal microbiota. Transplantation of the intestinal microbiota from MSTN-deficient pigs into mice resulted in increased muscle growth and higher levels of short-chain fatty acids.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Juulia H. Lautaoja, Thomas M. O'Connell, Sakari Mantyselka, Juuli Perakyla, Heikki Kainulainen, Satu Pekkala, Perttu Permi, Juha J. Hulmi
Summary: The metabolic effects of EL-EPS under high- and low-glucose conditions were evaluated in this study. Results showed that myotubes grown under high-glucose conditions had greater responsiveness to EL-EPS and acetate and branched-chain fatty acids were identified as putative exerkines warranting further research.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Emma Sherman, Farhana R. Pinu
Summary: The scientific interest in lipids and lipidomics approaches is growing due to the development of mass spectrometry-based instrumentation and data analysis pipelines. While widely used in biomedical studies, lipidomics applications in food and plant systems, such as grape and wine research, are still developing. The adoption of lipidomics in studying grape and wine research can bring innovative advances to the wine industry worldwide.
CURRENT OPINION IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wade T. Johnson, Nicholas C. Dorn, Dora A. Ogbonna, Nunzio Bottini, Nisarg J. Shah
Summary: Lipids are a diverse class of molecular regulators with ubiquitous physiological roles in sustaining life. They can be used directly as structural cellular building blocks or as a substrate for generating signaling mediators to regulate cell behavior, playing a key role in immune activation and suppression.
BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Min-Jeong Suh, Marlena M. Hinkle, Stephanie S. Lau, William A. Mitch
Summary: Recent research shows that high-molecular weight disinfection byproduct (DBP) fractions contribute more to cytotoxicity than the one-to two-carbon DBPs currently of concern. Peptides and lipids are major DBP precursors in water supplies. This study focuses on the analysis of chlorine byproducts of tyrosine and oleic acid to characterize high-molecular weight DBPs. The presence of these DBPs in drinking water and their cytotoxicity levels are investigated.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hameed Ullah, Amira Sayed Khan, Babar Murtaza, Aziz Hichami, Naim Akhtar Khan
Summary: Leptin in the tongue plays an inhibitory role in the oro-sensory detection of dietary fatty acids in mice by interfering with calcium signaling and membrane potential.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maksim Tyurin, Elena Chernyak, Oksana Tomilova, Khristina Tolokonnikova, Svetlana M. Malysh, Elena Khramova, Sergey Morozov, Vadim Kryukov
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in chemical composition in potato plants during their interaction with the entomopathogenic endophytic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The results showed an increase in sterol and hydroxy fatty acid concentrations in plant leaves, as well as elevated levels of hydroxycinnamic acids in the roots after B. bassiana inoculation. These changes, possibly caused by oxidative reactions, may be responsible for the growth-promoting and protective effects of B. bassiana on the plants.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Farzaneh Mansouri, Zach C. Winfield, Danielle D. Crain, Brooke Morris, Patrick Charapata, Richard Sabin, Charles W. Potter, Amanda S. Hering, James Fulton, Stephen J. Trumble, Sascha Usenko
Summary: Utilizing stable isotope profiles from baleen whale earplugs, this study reconstructed continuous spectra revealing potential behavioral and ecological changes in response to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. The long-term declining trends in δC-13 profiles among most individuals suggest an influence of the Suess effect from fossil fuel combustion. Adjusting for the Suess effect showed significant declines in δC-13 values, indicating contributions from other sources impacting δC-13 values at the base of the food web.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cynthia M. F. Monaco, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, Athan G. Dial, Joshua P. Nederveen, Irena A. Rebalka, Maria Nguyen, Lauren V. Turner, Christopher G. R. Perry, Vladimir Ljubicic, Thomas J. Hawke
Summary: This study examined mitochondrial respiratory function and content in skeletal muscle biopsies of middle- to older-aged healthy adults with and without uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. The results showed differential adaptation of skeletal muscle mitochondria to type 1 diabetes, demonstrating sexual dimorphism, and strong associations with aerobic fitness. These cellular alterations preceded notable impairments in skeletal mass and strength.
Article
Cell Biology
Athan G. Dial, Grace K. Grafham, Cynthia M. F. Monaco, Jennifer Voth, Linda Brandt, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, Thomas J. Hawke
Summary: The study investigated the impact of damaging exercise on skeletal muscle in young adults with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D). The results showed that participants with T1D exhibited differences in strength recovery, muscle damage indicators, and satellite cell proliferation, indicating a potential need for longer recovery times following intense exercise in young adults with moderately controlled T1D.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Thomas J. Hawke
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lauren V. Turner, Maureen J. MacDonald, Michael C. Riddell, Jennifer Voth, Thomas J. Hawke
Summary: This study found that aging individuals with type 1 diabetes may have differences in cardiovascular health and skeletal muscle function, including lower grip strength and significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure, which may put them at risk of premature morbidity and mortality.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Callie Travis, Priya S. Srivastava, Thomas J. Hawke, Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
Summary: This review summarizes the association between type 1 diabetes and complications affecting the musculoskeletal system, including diabetic bone disease and diabetic myopathy. It also discusses nonmechanical factors that may mediate premature musculoskeletal decline in this population and suggests preventative measures to reduce the burden of diabetes on the musculoskeletal system.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Genevieve L. Godfrey, Lara Horstmann, Jonathan Snyder, Stephen J. Trumble
Summary: Changes in habitat and foraging behavior of Pacific walruses may impact their exposure to toxic and essential trace elements. Female walruses have higher concentrations of toxic and essential elements compared to males. Pregnant and nursing females may be more vulnerable to changes in prey availability due to their narrower range of element concentrations.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Victoria M. Neises, Shawna A. Karpovich, Mandy J. Keogh, Stephen J. Trumble
Summary: Pregnancy and lactation are energetically expensive processes for female mammals and have significant impacts on species-specific reproductive strategies. The lactation strategy of harbor seals is believed to be intermediate between sea lions and true seals. This study characterized the fatty acid composition of blubber in pregnant and lactating harbor seals and compared it to other pinnipeds. The results showed that pregnant harbor seals prioritize the storage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in their blubber, while lactating harbor seals exhibit similar fatty acid profiles to other true seals.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tiffany L. vanLieshout, Derek W. Stouth, Nicolas G. Hartel, Goutham Vasam, Sean Y. Ng, Erin K. Webb, Irena A. Rebalka, Andrew I. Mikhail, Nicholas A. Graham, Keir J. Menzies, Thomas J. Hawke, Vladimir Ljubicic
Summary: This study uncovers the broad impact of CARM1 in the maintenance and remodeling of skeletal muscle biology. The researchers found the presence of arginine methylation in skeletal muscle and demonstrated that CARM1 regulates the transcriptomic and arginine methylproteomic signatures in skeletal muscle, as well as the function and plasticity of the muscle.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Eric Delpire, Thomas J. Hawke, Mythreye Karthikeyan, Wei Kong, Alexander Nystroem, Shizuka Uchida, Liliana Schaefer
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patricia Reboucas, Carine Fillebeen, Amy Botta, Riley Cleverdon, Alexandra P. Steele, Vincent Richard, Rene P. Zahedi, Christoph H. Borchers, Yan Burelle, Thomas J. Hawke, Kostas Pantopoulos, Gary Sweeney
Summary: Using global proteomics, we found significant impairment in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle of thalassemia mice, along with a shift in muscle fiber types and increased capillary density. These alterations led to metabolic dysfunction and reduced glucose handling capacity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Emma S. Juracic, Aditya N. Brahmbhatt, Thomas J. Hawke
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Avery Hinks, Thomas J. J. Hawke, Martino V. V. Franchi, Geoffrey A. A. Power
Summary: During natural aging, skeletal muscle experiences impairments in mechanical performance due to changes in muscle architecture and size. The shortening of fascicle length, potentially reflective of a decrease in serial sarcomere number, is another important factor. Interventions such as stretching and eccentric-biased resistance training have been suggested to promote the growth of new serial sarcomeres and mitigate age-related impairments.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dongdong Wang, Logan K. Townsend, Genevieve J. DesOrmeaux, Sara M. Frangos, Battsetseg Batchuluun, Lauralyne Dumont, Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre, Elham Ahmadi, Sumei Hu, Irena A. Rebalka, Jaya Gautam, Maria Joy Therese Jabile, Chantal A. Pileggi, Sonia Rehal, Eric M. Desjardins, Evangelia E. Tsakiridis, James S. V. Lally, Emma Sara Juracic, A. Russell Tupling, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Guillaume Pare, Theodoros Tsakiridis, Mary-Ellen Harper, Thomas J. Hawke, John R. Speakman, Denis P. Blondin, Graham P. Holloway, Sebastian Beck Jorgensen, Gregory R. Steinberg
Summary: Caloric restriction is effective in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improving insulin sensitivity, but weight loss is usually not maintained due to physiological adaptations that suppress energy expenditure. Treatment with recombinant GDF15 can reduce obesity and improve glycaemic control by suppressing food intake. Additionally, GDF15 counteracts compensatory reductions in energy expenditure, leading to greater weight loss and improvements in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to caloric restriction alone. This effect of GDF15 on maintaining energy expenditure during calorie restriction requires a GFRAL-beta-adrenergic-dependent signaling axis.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Farzaneh Mansouri, Danielle D. Crain, Zach C. Winfield, Richard Sabin, Charles W. Potter, Ren Zhang, Stephen J. Trumble, Sascha Usenko
MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
(2021)