Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert Free, Karen DeRocher, Victoria Cooley, Ruqing Xu, Stuart R. Stock, Derk Joester
Summary: The structure and composition of dental enamel are crucial for understanding tooth decay, enamel development, and dental treatment. This study used synchrotron X-ray diffraction and machine learning to investigate the differences in crystallographic parameters between different microarchitectural domains of enamel. It was found that the composition of crystallites varies, and a model was used to predict the concentration of minority ions. These results provide new insights into the complexity of enamel and have implications for modeling its mechanical and chemical performance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Ceric, S. Selberherr, H. Zahedmanesh, R. L. de Orio, K. Croes
Summary: This study introduces a novel concept for modeling nano-interconnect structures, exploring the impact of grain boundaries and grain distribution on interconnect reliability. Additionally, a simple and numerically efficient approach for simulating void growth and its influence on interconnect resistivity is proposed and compared to experimental results. The simulations based on the novel modeling concept predict a reduction in interconnect lifetime with increased temperature and reduced linewidth, consistent with experimental observations.
ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Wen-Sheng Zhao, Rui Zhang, Da-Wei Wang
Summary: This paper introduces recent studies on physics-based modeling of electromigration aging of on-chip interconnects. It discusses the background of electromigration, conventional methods, and its impact on power grids and signal interconnects. Some studies focus on modeling methodology while others aim at improving computation accuracy and speed.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shuibao Liang, Han Jiang, Zhihong Zhong, Saranarayanan Ramachandran
Summary: A notable development of electronic packaging technologies leads to fewer grains in solder interconnects, resulting in the grain orientation dependence of interconnect performance and reliability. The effect of grain orientation on void formation and electromigration-induced failure behavior of Sn-based solder interconnects is experimentally observed but not well understood. This study proposes a phase field model to investigate the void formation and electromigration-induced failure behavior at the interface of solder interconnects, with consideration of grain orientation effects. The results show that void formation, growth, and propagation velocities are faster when the c-axis of Sn is perpendicular to the substrate in solder interconnects.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yan-Dong Wang, Youkang Wang, Shilei Li, Runguang Li
Summary: High-energy X-ray diffraction and X-ray microdiffraction techniques are powerful tools for characterizing localized stress/microstructural gradients in heterostructured materials, and have been used to study their mechanical heterogeneity.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Jiliang Liu, Manfred Burghammer
Summary: Scanning X-ray microdiffraction was used to study the structural variations of cellulose microfibrils among different cell types of beechwood. Diffraction patterns collected from cell walls revealed that fiber cells had a longitudinal cellulose signal, while ray and vessel cells showed transversal fiber alignment to a lesser degree. In addition, the scattering patterns at small angles were less pronounced in ray and vessel cells compared to fiber cells. These findings suggest that crystalline cellulose in fiber cells has a distinct structure at the meso and molecular level compared to ray and vessel cellulose in beechwood.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiliang Liu, Jenny Bengtsson, Shun Yu, Manfred Burghammer, Kerstin Jedvert
Summary: This study aims at clarifying the structural information of lignin-cellulose precursor fibers from molecular level to mesoscale by scanning X-ray microdiffraction. The results show that a 30% lignin blending can obtain precursor fibers with maintained structural order and high yield rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dinh-Phuc Tran, Tzu-Wen Lin, Kai-Cheng Shie, Chih Chen
Summary: Three-dimensional X-ray was used to characterize the failures induced by electromigration in solder joints, providing a non-destructive assessment for their reliability. The results showed that voids mainly formed near the entrance of electron flow and the resistance of the solder experienced a two-step change. It was also found that the total number of solder joints with obvious voids in plan-view images was larger than that in side-view micrographs.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Paul S. Kindstedt, Patrick J. Polowsky
Summary: Scientific interest in cheese crystals has grown significantly since the 1970s, as advancements in technology and analytics have allowed for the identification and understanding of various crystalline species in natural cheeses. While the presence of crystals in cheese can greatly impact texture, consumer response to their occurrence in the marketplace is mixed. Traditional artisanal cheesemakers have the potential to leverage the science behind cheese crystals to create engaging narratives that add value to their products and enhance consumer enjoyment.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fumihiro Fujie, Hongyu Peng, Tuerxun Ailihumaer, Balaji Raghothamachar, Michael Dudley, Shunta Harada, Miho Tagawa, Toru Ujihara
Summary: The contrast features of synchrotron X-ray topographic images of screw-type basal plane dislocations in on-axis 4H-SiC wafers have been studied, and the correlation between the contrast features and the depth of the screw BPDs below the crystal surface has been demonstrated for estimating the depth.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alireza Tondro, Masoud Taherijam, Hamidreza Abdolvand
Summary: The presence of hydrogen in the lattice of polycrystalline metals can result in hydrogen embrittlement, and its diffusion and formation depend on various factors. The study combines a non-local crystal plasticity finite element model with hydrogen diffusion equations to investigate the effects of these factors on stress-assisted hydrogen diffusion in zirconium polycrystals. The concentration of hydrogen is found to peak at grain boundaries and triple-junction points, and its effect on trapped hydrogen content can be significant in localized deformation zones.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Geology
O. Vallcorba, M. Canillas, J. Audije-Gil, F. Barroso-Barcenilla, A. Gonzalez-Martin, J. Molera, M. A. Rodriguez, O. Cambra-Moo
Summary: Synchrotron radiation X-ray microdiffraction has been applied for the first time to analyze the growth and development of crocodilian teeth. Significant differences in hydroxyapatite crystallite sizes and texture were found between a fossil crocodylomorph and a modern crocodylian, suggesting different postdepositional processes and functional pressures during their lives. The crystalline texture in the tooth enamel seems to be influenced by teeth functionality and mechanical stress during crocodilian life.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cosmin Romanitan, Iuliana Mihalache, Oana Tutunaru, Cristina Pachiu
Summary: This study conducted structural investigations of mismatched gallium nitride layers grown on different substrates using x-ray diffraction techniques. The relationship between lattice mismatch and dislocation density was found to play a fundamental role in the generation of threading dislocations. Threading dislocations were further analyzed using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction to obtain absorption profiles, revealing different power law dependencies related to the presence of dislocations.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiuchuan Lei, Yubin Zhang, Jun Sun, Florian Bachmann, Xiaofang Yang, Robert Edward Sanders, Dorte Juul Jensen
Summary: The study confirms that particle stimulated nucleation is the dominant nucleation mechanism, but also finds that nuclei stimulated from small particles and non-PSN nuclei can grow to large sizes. The results are discussed in relation to existing theories.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fabien Leonard, Axel Lange, Andreas Kupsch, Bernd Randolf Mueller, Giovanni Bruno
Summary: This study investigates the anisotropy of materials' microstructure and morphology in diesel particulate filter (DPF) materials, quantifies the morphological anisotropy using a simple segmentation algorithm, and correlates the anisotropy of the pore space with the microstructure and crystallographic anisotropy of the material.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
U. Urdiroz, A. Gomez, M. Magaz, D. Granados, M. Sanchez Agudo, J. Rubio-Zuazo, G. R. Castro, C. Stan, N. Tamura, H. A. Padmore, C. Mueller, J. McCord, F. Cebollada, F. J. Palomares, J. M. Gonzalez
Summary: The study reports on inducing local anisotropy modifications in amorphous Fe80B20 stripes through X-ray irradiation, leading to the stable localization of a 180 degrees domain wall and the excitation of spatially inhomogeneous ferromagnetic resonances nearby the irradiated region. The time dependencies of the magnetization precession show a uniform phase shift of 180 degrees over distances of approximately 20 μm from the stabilized domain wall.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Chang-Yu Sun, Laszlo Granasy, Cayla A. Stifler, Tal Zaquin, Rajesh V. Chopdekar, Nobumichi Tamura, James C. Weaver, Jun A. Y. Zhang, Stefano Goffredo, Giuseppe Falini, Matthew A. Marcus, Tamas Pusztai, Vanessa Schoeppler, Tali Mass, Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert
Summary: By studying the formation of spherulites in coral skeletons, a new mechanism for spherulite growth was proposed, which may have applications in other spherulitic systems.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alan Williams, Islam Shancita, Igor Altman, Nobumichi Tamura, Michelle L. Pantoya
Summary: This study examines pressure build-up and decay in thermite upon impact ignition and interprets reactivity based on the holistic pressure history. Results reveal that the rate of pressure development is directly correlated with the reactivity of the thermite, with lower peak pressure corresponding to higher thermite reactivity.
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Goiriena-Goikoetxea, Z. Xiao, A. El-Ghazaly, C. Stan, J. Chatterjee, A. Ceballos, A. Pattabi, N. Tamura, R. Lo Conte, F. Hellman, R. Candler, J. Bokor
Summary: This study investigates the impact of dislocations and twin walls in BaTiO3 on its ferroelectric response and the resulting effect on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of a strain-coupled [Co\Ni](n) film. Results show that a dense twinned structure and high dislocation density significantly reduce the converse piezoelectric effect of BaTiO3, while a dislocation-free BaTiO3 induces a larger in-plane compressive strain.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Lu, Ching-Yu Chiang, Yao Li, Ching-Shun Ku, Hao Yan, Eugene Huang, Bin Chen, Nobumichi Tamura
Summary: The study reported a well-aligned rutile TiO2 nanotwin film with superior preferential orientation compared to its isostructural substrate. Through synchrotron X-ray Laue nanodiffraction technique, the crystal orientation, twin boundaries, and deviatoric stresses were quantitatively imaged to unravel the underlying mechanism of this anomalous alignment. Massive {101}-type rutile nanotwins were observed, with a proposed crystallographic relationship of the heteroepitaxy. The rapid twinning and twin-controlled heteroepitaxy were found to be responsible for the texture improvement, emphasizing the potential of X-ray nanodiffraction technique for multidisciplinary applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tao Li, Juncai Dong, Nian Zhang, Zicheng Wen, Zhenzhong Sun, Yang Hai, Kewei Wang, Huanyu Liu, Nobumichi Tamura, Shaobo Mi, Shaodong Cheng, Chuansheng Ma, Yunbin He, Lei Li, Shanming Ke, Haitao Huang, Yongge Cao
Summary: By using ITO as the bottom electrode, genuine ultrathin epitaxial films of Si-doped HfO2 can be grown with good ferroelectric properties under epitaxial compressive strain; polar domains can be written and read using piezoforce microscopy and reversibly switched; ferroelectric polarization can be controlled by manipulating the ITO surface polarity to influence the interfacial electrostatic potential.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Linda M. Seymour, Nobumichi Tamura, Marie D. Jackson, Admir Masic
Summary: Integrated spectroscopic and microdiffraction analyses shed light on the long-term reactivity of volcanic aggregate components and C-A-S-H binder in ancient Roman concrete, showing how the selection of specific volcanic materials and environmental conditions led to beneficial hydrologic activity and durability in the concrete of the Tomb of Caecilia Metella.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jie Yuan, Qihong Chen, Kun Jiang, Zhongpei Feng, Zefeng Lin, Heshan Yu, Ge He, Jinsong Zhang, Xingyu Jiang, Xu Zhang, Yujun Shi, Yanmin Zhang, Mingyang Qin, Zhi Gang Cheng, Nobumichi Tamura, Yi-feng Yang, Tao Xiang, Jiangping Hu, Ichiro Takeuchi, Kui Jin, Zhongxian Zhao
Summary: The research uncovers the precise quantitative scaling laws among the superconducting transition temperature, the linear-in-T scattering coefficient, and the doping level in electron-doped copper oxide La2-xCexCuO4, suggesting a common mechanism of the strange-metal behavior and unconventional superconductivity in these systems.
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Andrei Y. Barkov, Luca Bindi, Erick A. Juarez-Arellano, Nobumichi Tamura, Gennadiy Shvedov, Chi Ma, Robert F. Martin
Summary: A potentially new species of platinum cupride-stannide mineral (PCSM) of composition Pt(Cu0.67Sn0.33) is described, characterized, and obtained synthetically in this study. The mineral occurs as anhedral or subhedral grains associated with various platinum-group minerals and is genetically related to an ophiolitic source-rock. The unnamed phase likely crystallized from microvolumes of a highly fractionated melt rich in Cu and Sn.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hao Shen, Kai Chen, Jiawei Kou, Zhanhui Jia, Nobumichi Tamura, Weibo Hua, Wei Tang, Helmut Ehrenberg, Marca Doeff
Summary: Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are essential for successful and reliable all-solid-state lithium batteries, with potential improvements in safety and energy density compared to current lithium-ion batteries. However, implementing SSEs faces several challenges, including interfacial instability caused by the interaction of dendritic lithium during cycling. This study emphasizes the importance of studying the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of strains and defects in crystalline SSEs at the micro-scale, and how they affect dendrite growth.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kaustubh Khedekar, Pongsarun Satjaritanun, Sarah Stewart, Jonathan Braaten, Plamen Atanassov, Nobumichi Tamura, Lei Cheng, Christina M. Johnston, Iryna Zenyuk
Summary: This study investigates the effect of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) on electrocatalyst degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The results show that GDLs do not significantly affect electrocatalyst degradation, although MEAs with cracked microporous layers (MPLs) exhibit higher electrocatalyst loading loss and a lower and more heterogeneous increase in average electrocatalyst nanoparticle size.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sicong Lin, Kai Chen, Weifeng He, Nobumichi Tamura, En Ma
Summary: Single-crystal Ni-based superalloys are the preferred materials for turbine blade applications, and additive manufacturing (AM) has facilitated their manufacture/repair. However, the traditional super-solvus solutionizing annealing causes recrystallization and stray grain growth, degrading the high-temperature mechanical performance. We propose a custom-designed post-printing heat treatment that achieves chemical homogenization while limiting grain coarsening. This strategy effectively resolves the challenges in additive manufacturing of single-crystal superalloys.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michelle Devoe, Nobumichi Tamura, Hans-Rudolf Wenk
Summary: Synchrotron X-ray Laue microdiffraction was used to measure residual strain for the first time in rolled titanium, which has a known stress history. The principal strain axes were calculated and showed alignment with the normal and rolling directions of the titanium sheet. Pole figures were used to represent the 3D distribution of residual strain axes.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kaustubh Khedekar, Andrea Zaffora, Monica Santamaria, Matthew Coats, Svitlana Pylypenko, Jonathan Braaten, Plamen Atanassov, Nobumichi Tamura, Lei Cheng, Christina Johnston, Iryna V. Zenyuk
Summary: Fuel cell heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) require more durable oxygen-reduction-reaction electrocatalysts, and understanding the realistic degradation mechanisms is crucial. The study investigated the movement and degradation of electrocatalysts in membrane electrode assemblies using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the electrocatalyst exhibited heavy in-plane movement and preferential movement away from cracks in the cathode catalyst layer. By performing further experiments, the correlation between the increase in nanoparticle size of the electrocatalyst and loading change was discovered. This research provides insights for developing mitigation strategies and durable electrocatalysts in structured cathode catalyst layers.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maged Abdelsamie, Kevin Cruse, Nobumichi Tamura, Gerbrand Ceder, Carolin M. Sutter-Fella
Summary: Lead-free halide double perovskites, specifically Cs2AgBiBr6, have shown promising optoelectronic properties and stability. In this study, different processing strategies, such as antisolvent- and additive-assisted synthesis, were applied to investigate the microstructure and thin-film formation dynamics of Cs2AgBiBr6. Dropping antisolvents during spin coating promoted immediate supersaturation and crystallization of the wet film, while the timing of antisolvent addition affected film formation dynamics and final microstructure. Additive (HBr)-assisted synthesis influenced colloid formation in solution and influenced the crystallization pathway during thin-film processing. HBr additive simplified the synthesis process and enabled the formation of pinhole-free films, even with increased thickness.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)