Elevated milk β-carotene and lycopene after carrot and tomato paste supplementation

Objectives: To measure concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene in the breast milk of healthy, well-nourished, lactating women supplemented with fresh carrot or tomato paste. Methods: Twelve women were given fresh carrot paste and another 14 were given fresh tomato paste once a day for 3 d with a high-lipid-content meal. The women were instructed to avoid any food containing beta-carotene or lycopene, other than the test meal. Milk carotenoid levels were measured before, during, and after the trial. The carrot and tomato meals contained 15 mg of all-trans beta-carotene and 15 mg of all-trans lycopene, respectively. Results: We demonstrated a significant increase in milk beta-carotene and elevated milk lycopene levels after the lipid-rich fresh carrot and tomato meals, respectively. Conclusions: We suggest that breast milk carotenoid levels reflect the mother's level of intake and can thus be raised by simple nutritional intervention. The results of this study may be relevant to breast-feeding mothers of both preterm and term infants by raising anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in their milk. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.