Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steffen Reinbothe, Claudia Rossig, John Gray, Sachin Rustgi, Diter von Wettstein, Christiane Reinbothe, Joachim Rassow
Summary: A protein complex has been identified that facilitates the import of AaRS and tRNA into the mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana, shedding light on the process of transport of cytosolic AaRS and tRNA into mitochondria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Yoshitaka Murakami, Fan-Yan Wei, Yoshimi Kawamura, Haruki Horiguchi, Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu, Keishi Miyata, Kyoko Miura, Yuichi Oike, Yukio Ando, Mitsuharu Ueda, Kazuhito Tomizawa, Takeshi Chujo
Summary: A study found that a mitochondrial tRNA modification enzyme, NSUN3, is crucial for embryonic development in mice. Whole-body knockout leads to embryonic death, while heart-specific knockout causes heart aberration in older mice. The research highlights the importance of mitochondrial tRNA anticodon modification for mammalian embryonic development and demonstrates that the loss of a single mitochondrial tRNA modification can induce tissue aberration that worsens with age.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabriel Therizols, Zeina Bash-Imam, Baptiste Panthu, Christelle Machon, Anne Vincent, Julie Ripoll, Sophie Nait-Slimane, Mounira Chalabi-Dchar, Angeline Gaucherot, Maxime Garcia, Florian Laforets, Virginie Marcel, Jihane Boubaker-Vitre, Marie-Ambre Monet, Celine Bouclier, Christophe Vanbelle, Guillaume Souahlia, Elise Berthel, Marie Alexandra Albaret, Hichem C. Mertani, Michel Prudhomme, Martin Bertrand, Alexandre David, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Philippe Bouvet, Eric Rivals, Theophile Ohlmann, Jerome Guitton, Nicole Dalla Venezia, Julie Pannequin, Frederic Catez, Jean-Jacques Diaz
Summary: The study demonstrates that 5-fluorouracil alters ribosome function to promote translation of pro-survival genes, leading to chemotherapy resistance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun-Jin Choi, Wenzhe Wu, Ke Zhang, Inhan Lee, In-Hoo Kim, Yong Sun Lee, Xiaoyong Bao
Summary: Research has found that RSV infection induces the production of tRNA-derived RNA fragments tRFs, with tRF5-GlnCTG promoting RSV replication and being regulated by ribonuclease ELAC2. Additionally, ELAC2 is associated with RSV N and NS1 proteins, indicating a potential new therapeutic target for combating RSV infection.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Yasutoshi Akiyama, Pavel Ivanov
Summary: Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNAs (tDRs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in gene expression. They vary across species and cell types and are proposed to regulate various biological processes. This review discusses their biogenesis and their contribution to translational control, as well as their impact on protein synthesis and related events such as stress-induced translational reprogramming.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kush Kumar Pandey, Deeksha Madhry, Ravi Y. S. Kumar, Shivani Malvankar, Leena Sapra, Rupesh K. Srivastava, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Bhupendra Verma
Summary: Advancements in deep-sequencing technologies have revealed abundant expression of functional tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), which play crucial regulatory roles in different pathological conditions.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lina Zhou, Shuai Wang, Wei Hu, Xiaoqian Liu, Lingdong Xu, Bolu Tong, Tongtong Zhang, Zhonghui Xue, Yixin Guo, Jing Zhao, Linrong Lu, Hengyu Fan, Wenbin Qian, Jian Chen, Wei Chen, Lie Wang
Summary: Quiescent naive T cells conserve energy and exhibit slow transcription activity, but can quickly increase nucleolar protein DCAF13 levels when stimulated, enhancing ribosomal RNA maturation and boosting translational activity for cell growth and proliferation. The specific nucleolar proteins and their regulatory mechanism involved in rapid T cell proliferation remain elusive.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aaron R. D'Souza, Lindsey Van Haute, Christopher A. Powell, Christian D. Mutti, Petra Palenikova, Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, Joanna Rorbach, Michal Minczuk
Summary: Mitochondria have their own translation apparatus for producing polypeptides, with the protein YbeY playing a crucial role in mitoribosome biogenesis. Loss of YbeY leads to reduced mitochondrial translation and loss of cell viability, indicating its important functions in RNA processing and mitoribosome maturation.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Zheng Zhou, Bao Sun, Dongsheng Yu, Meng Bian
Summary: tRNAs, traditionally seen as housekeepers, are now known to play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including aging and lifespan regulation.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shurong Wang, Ying He, Tongtong Tian, Jiayin Lu, Yanwei Lu, Xuedong Huang, Yan Zou, Lei Zhang, Xiaoni Fang, Baohong Liu
Summary: This study introduces anodic aluminum oxide films with different pore sizes (AAO nanoarray) for size-based isolation and proteomics profiling of small extracellular vesicle (sEV) subpopulations. The AAO nanoarray allows for size-dependent isolation of sEV subpopulations and comprehensive proteomic analysis, providing a new avenue for liquid biopsy.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica J. Hobson, Zhijie Li, Hao Hu, Charles W. Carter
Summary: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS)/tRNA pairs play a crucial role in translating the genetic code. The study of urzymes, which are experimental models for the early evolution of aaRS, has provided insights into their catalytic activities. In this study, a new urzyme (LeuAC) was described and shown to catalyze both amino acid activation and tRNA aminoacylation. Additionally, LeuAC was found to have a non-canonical enzymatic function of producing ADP.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xuan Gu, Kailing Li, Meng Zhang, Yandan Chen, Jingchao Zhou, Chunxu Yao, Yong Zang, Jiefeng He, Jun Wan, Bin Guo
Summary: Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (Dars2) plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial protein synthesis and the unfolded protein response in mitochondria. Knocking out Dars2 impairs the maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by disrupting RNA splicing, leading to decreased mitochondrial metabolic activity and impaired DNA damage repair pathways.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yiyi Zhu, Weiwei Gui, Bowen Tan, Ying Du, Jiaqiang Zhou, Fang Wu, Hong Li, Xihua Lin
Summary: The study discovered that IGF2 expression in skeletal muscle cells is influenced by exercise training, and IGF2 plays a crucial role in the function of skeletal muscle cells, with a lack of IGF2 leading to decreased mitochondrial function. Through the regulatory pathway of IGF2-SIRT1-PGC1α, mitochondrial regulation in skeletal muscle cells may be achieved.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ning Zhang, Xufang Hu, Haolin Chen, Chunhui Deng, Nianrong Sun
Summary: A hydrophilic probe was utilized to enrich exosomes from cancer cells and distinguish them based on unique exosomal glycoproteins. The probe showed efficient performance in both processes, highlighting its potential for exosome research in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Shen, Robert Jordan Ontiveros, Michael C. Owens, Monica Yun Liu, Uday Ghanty, Rahul M. Kohli, Kathy Fange Liu
Summary: The oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by TET enzymes is crucial for gene regulation, and recent evidence suggests a biological function for TET-mediated m(5)C oxidation in both mRNA and tRNA. Specifically, TET2-mediated oxidation of m(5)C in tRNA promotes translation and influences tRNA methylation. These findings reveal an unexpected role for TET enzymes in regulating multiple aspects of the central dogma.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Satoshi Kimura
Summary: tRNA modifications play a crucial role in tRNA function and stability, with specific modification patterns in different domains of life. Some modifications have similar functions across domains, and enzymes synthesizing the same modification in different organisms may have evolved independently.
BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akiko Ogawa, Chisae Nagiri, Wataru Shihoya, Asuka Inoue, Kouki Kawakami, Suzune Hiratsuka, Junken Aoki, Yasuhiro Ito, Takeo Suzuki, Tsutomu Suzuki, Toshihiro Inoue, Osamu Nureki, Hidenobu Tanihara, Kazuhito Tomizawa, Fan-Yan Wei
Summary: The study identified N-6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) as a ligand for the human adenosine A3 receptor with higher affinity than unmodified adenosine. Structural modeling revealed the amino acids required for specific binding of m(6)A to the human A3 receptor and demonstrated its dynamic release in response to cytotoxic stimuli and facilitation of type I allergy in vivo. These findings suggest m(6)A as a signaling molecule capable of activating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and triggering pathophysiological responses, a previously unreported property of RNA modifications.
Review
Cell Biology
Tsutomu Suzuki
Summary: tRNAs undergo heavy post-transcriptional modifications, which play crucial roles in accurate codon recognition and reading frame maintenance during protein synthesis. Recent studies have shown that tRNA modifications can be dynamically altered in response to cellular and environmental stresses, and deficiencies in tRNA modification can lead to mitochondrial diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Y. Nagayoshi, T. Chujo, S. Hirata, H. Nakatsuka, C-W Chen, M. Takakura, K. Miyauchi, Y. Ikeuchi, B. C. Carlyle, R. R. Kitchen, T. Suzuki, F. Katsuoka, M. Yamamoto, Y. Goto, M. Tanaka, K. Natsume, A. C. Nairn, K. Tomizawa, F-Y Wei
Summary: Ftsj1 gene is implicated in X-linked intellectual disability, responsible for 2'-O-methylation of cytosolic tRNAs; Knockout of Ftsj1 leads to slow decoding and reduced translation efficiency, resulting in abnormal synaptic function; The study highlights the essential role of tRNA modification in the brain and provides mechanistic insights into FTSJ1-related XLID.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kensuke Ninomiya, Junichi Iwakiri, Mahmoud Khamis Aly, Yuriko Sakaguchi, Shungo Adachi, Tohru Natsume, Goro Terai, Kiyoshi Asai, Tsutomu Suzuki, Tetsuro Hirose
Summary: The study reveals the role of nuclear stress bodies in repressing RNA splicing during stress recovery through two distinct mechanisms involving protein sequestration and N-6-methyladenosine modification. The sequestration of m(6)A writer complex by nSBs leads to the inhibition of m(6)A-dependent splicing, highlighting the importance of nSBs in regulating temperature-dependent splicing.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eichi Watabe, Marina Togo-Ohno, Yuma Ishigami, Shotaro Wani, Keiko Hirota, Mariko Kimura-Asami, Sharmin Hasan, Satomi Takei, Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Yutaka Suzuki, Tsutomu Suzuki, Hidehito Kuroyanagi
Summary: The homeostasis of SAM synthetase in C. elegans is maintained through alternative splicing regulation and m(6)A modification, with splicing regulation achieved through NMD and regulated by U6 snRNA methyltransferase.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuma Ishigami, Takayuki Ohira, Yui Isokawa, Yutaka Suzuki, Tsutomu Suzuki
Summary: The modification of N-6-methyladenosine on spliceosomal U6 snRNA facilitates efficient recognition of the splice sites through cooperation with U5 snRNA, allowing for variation in the 5' exon sequence and contributing to protein sequence diversity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Wang, Yuka Yashiro, Yuriko Sakaguchi, Tsutomu Suzuki, Kozo Tomita
Summary: CdiA-CTEC869 cleaves specific tRNAs by interacting with translation factors Tu and Ts, and interacts with domain II of Tu to affect the structure and cleavage efficiency of tRNAs.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuta Noda, Shunpei Okada, Tsutomu Suzuki
Summary: Stop codon recoding is a mechanism that regulates selenoprotein expression during skeletal muscle differentiation by modulating A-to-I RNA editing and stop codon recoding. It plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis during myoblast differentiation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Satoshi Kimura, Veerasak Srisuknimit, Kacie McCarty, Peter C. Dedon, Philip J. Kranzusch, Matthew K. Waldor
Summary: This study characterizes the C-to-psi conversion RNA editing process and its regulation, highlighting the role of the TrcP enzyme and modification network in optimizing translation efficiency.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Francesca G. Tomasi, Jessica T. P. Schweber, Satoshi Kimura, Junhao Zhu, Laura A. T. Cleghorn, Susan H. Davis, Simon R. Green, Matthew K. Waldor, Eric J. Rubin
Summary: Peptidyl tRNA hydrolase (Pth) is essential for bacterial growth and contributes to the recycling of translation machinery. This study used a novel sequencing-based strategy called Cu-tRNAseq to investigate the physiological role of Pth in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The results showed that Pth is crucial for the turnover of peptidyl prolyl-tRNA and reducing its levels made Mtb more vulnerable to tRNA synthetase inhibitors and macrolides. These findings highlight the potential of targeting Pth as a new therapeutic approach for tuberculosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ena Tomoda, Asuteka Nagao, Yuki Shirai, Kana Asano, Takeo Suzuki, Brendan J. Battersby, Tsutomu Suzuki
Summary: Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. The diseases MELAS and MERRF are caused by pathogenic point mutations in mtDNA's tRNA genes. The modified tRNAs fail to efficiently decode codons, resulting in defective translation of respiratory chain proteins in mitochondria. Restoring the modified tRNAs can activate mitochondrial function in patient cells and pave the way for epitranscriptomic therapies for mitochondrial diseases.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saori Ueda, Mikako Yagi, Ena Tomoda, Shinya Matsumoto, Yasushi Ueyanagi, Yura Do, Daiki Setoyama, Yuichi Matsushima, Asuteka Nagao, Tsutomu Suzuki, Tomomi Ide, Yusuke Mori, Noriko Oyama, Dongchon Kang, Takeshi Uchiumi
Summary: This study identified a novel mutation (3290T > C) that improved mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the 3243A > G mutation in mitochondrial diseases. The findings provide a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial tRNAs.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Karolina Podskoczyj, Katarzyna Kulik, Joanna Wasko, Barbara Nawrot, Tsutomu Suzuki, Grazyna Leszczynska
Summary: A single point mutation in the human mitochondrial tRNA(Met) gene causes severe mitochondrial disorders associated with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and LHON. This mutation leads to the exchange of A(37) in the anticodon loop of hmt-tRNA(Met) for G(37) and 1-methylguanosine. The first synthesis and structural/biophysical studies of the anticodon stem and loop of pathogenic hmt-tRNAs(Met) are presented here.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yusuke Sakai, Gerrit D. D. Wilkens, Karol Wolski, Szczepan Zapotoczny, Jonathan G. G. Heddle
Summary: It has been demonstrated that catenated single-stranded DNA circles can be used as a universal scaffold for the production of topologically linked DNA origami structures, with assembly achieved via a simple one-pot annealing protocol.
ACS NANOSCIENCE AU
(2021)
