Article
Hematology
Reiner K. Mailer, Sandra Konrath, Lydia Zhan, Hanna Thode, Manu Beerens, Maike Frye, Daniel F. J. Ketelhuth, Thomas Renne, Goeran K. Hansson
Summary: Inflammation caused by LDL deposition in the arterial wall leads to atherosclerosis. Regulatory T cells inhibit vascular inflammation by inducing immune tolerance towards LDL-related antigens. However, the mechanisms that promote the generation of LDL-specific regulatory T cells in vivo are still unclear.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Weijia Wang, Yang Zhang, Philip Dettinger, Andreas Reimann, Tobias Kull, Dirk Loeffler, Markus G. Manz, Claudia Lengerke, Timm Schroeder
Summary: The study revealed highly heterogeneous ERK signaling dynamics in single human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs), influenced by cytokines, combinations, and cell types. Different cytokines led to distinct frequencies of ERK signaling dynamics, with HSCs exhibiting more transient dynamics than MPPs. Furthermore, ERK signaling dynamics were found to predict future cell fates.
Article
Immunology
Juliana Barreto de Albuquerque, Lukas M. Altenburger, Jun Abe, Diego von Werdt, Stefanie Wissmann, Jose Martinez Magdaleno, David Francisco, Geert van Geest, Xenia Ficht, Matteo Iannacone, Remy Bruggmann, Christoph Mueller, Jens Stein
Summary: The study identifies mandibular lymph nodes as sentinel lymphoid organs in intercepting ingested Listeria monocytogenes. Oral uptake of Lm leads to the activation and release of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, contributing to rapid clearance of the pathogen. Interestingly, CD8(+) T-EFF generated in the upper GI tract lack gut-seeking phenotype compared to those generated in the lower GI tract.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sara Vitale, Valentina Russo, Beatrice Dettori, Cecilia Palombi, Denis Baev, Enrico Proietti, Agnes Le Bon, Filippo Belardelli, Luigia Pace
Summary: Type I interferons play a crucial role in immune functions, inducing the functional differentiation of T lymphocyte subsets and maintaining the function of CD4(+) T regulatory cells. Under specific conditions, IFN-alpha/beta are critical for the conversion of peripheral antigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells and inhibiting the expansion of T helper cells.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zachary T. Olmsted, Janet L. Paluh
Summary: Researchers have successfully studied the co-development of the central and peripheral nervous systems with trunk mesendoderm in elongating multi-lineage organized (EMLO) gastruloids. They identified NCCs that differentiate to form peripheral neurons integrated with an upstream spinal cord region after day 8.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daiki Karigane, Miho Haraguchi, Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi, Emi K. Nishimura, Keiyo Takubo
Summary: Thymic dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in immune tolerance by regulating negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. This study reveals that the transcription factor Mitf is involved in the regulation of DC homing to the thymus and maintenance of thymic DC population.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tanachapa Jantalika, Sirikul Manochantr, Pakpoom Kheolamai, Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn, Weerachai Saijuntha, Somchai Pinlaor, Arthit Chairoungdua, Luminita Paraoan, Chairat Tantrawatpan
Summary: This study found that conditioned media derived from human chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CH-MSCs) have an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and a pro-apoptotic effect on cholangiocarcinoma cells. CH-CM treatment induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and exerted its effects through the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, downregulation of BCL-2 expression, and upregulation of BAX expression.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rodney K. Rousseau, Leah Szadkowski, Colin M. Kovacs, Michael F. Saikali, Rabea Nadeem, Fat Malazogu, Sanja Huibner, Carolyn L. Cummins, Rupert Kaul, Sharon L. Walmsley
Summary: The study revealed that during long-term treated HIV infection, immunologic non-responders (INRs) show elevated CD8 activation and CD4 gut homing. Gut-focused interventions may be needed in the context of INRs, and CD8 activation could serve as a surrogate endpoint for clinical interventions.
Article
Immunology
Raoul J. P. Bonnal, Grazisa Rossetti, Enrico Lugli, Marco De Simone, Paola Gruarin, Jolanda Brummelman, Lorenzo Drufuca, Marco Passaro, Ramona Bason, Federica Gervasoni, Giulia Della Chiara, Claudia D'Oria, Martina Martinovic, Serena Curti, Valeria Ranzani, Chiara Cordiglieri, Giorgia Alvisi, Emilia Maria Cristina Mazza, Stefania Oliveto, Ylenia Silvestri, Elena Carelli, Saveria Mazzara, Roberto Bosotti, Maria Lucia Sarnicola, Chiara Godano, Valeria Bevilacqua, Mariangela Lorenzo, Salvatore Siena, Emanuela Bonoldi, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Alessio Amatu, Giulia Veronesi, Pierluigi Novellis, Marco Alloisio, Alessandro Giani, Nicola Zucchini, Enrico Opocher, Andrea Pisani Ceretti, Nicolo Mariani, Stefano Biffo, Daniele Prati, Alberto Bardelli, Jens Geginat, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Sergio Abrignani, Massimiliano Pagani
Summary: T-reg cells in tumors can suppress immune responses, but the EOMES+ Tr1-like subset shows response to PD-1 blockade immunotherapy, correlating with disease progression and therapeutic response.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Keiichiro Uehara, Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi, Takahiro Koide, Tomoo Itoh, Takashi Aoi
Summary: This study reports the generation of gastric organoids with gastric marker-expressing epithelium from human pluripotent stem cells. It was found that epithelium development occurs prior to muscularis mucosa formation, and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and TGF-fl1 play a role in this process. Inhibition of HH and TGF-fl signaling prevents subepithelial muscularis mucosa formation. Mechanical properties of the substrate and TGF-fl signaling were shown to influence the emergence of muscularis mucosa in human stomach tissue.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chrysothemis C. Brown, Alexander Y. Rudensky
Summary: The incomplete removal of self-reactive T cells during differentiation in the thymus requires mechanisms of tolerance, while establishing tolerance to commensal microorganisms poses a further challenge. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding peripheral T cell tolerance, with a focus on mechanisms of tolerance to the gut microbiota and the establishment of intestinal tolerance. The article highlights the importance of overlapping and distinct pathways underlying tolerance to self-antigens versus commensal antigens within a broader framework for immune tolerance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Wang, Yi Wu, Yecheng Wang, Yajun Shuai, Zongpu Xu, Quan Wan, Yuyin Chen, Mingying Yang
Summary: A composite matrix based on silk fibroin and graphene oxide was designed to improve the cell adhesion and direct the differentiation of MSCs into cardiac myocytes. The results showed that the composite matrix significantly enhanced the cardiomyogenic differentiation of MSCs, suggesting its potential application in myocardial repair tissue engineering.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nan Zhou, Zhao Xu, Xiang Li, Sen Ren, Jing Chen, Hewei Xiong, Cheng Wang, Jiahe Guo, Yu Kang, Zhenbing Chen, Wenqing Li, Xiaofan Yang, Xing Zhang, Xiang Xu
Summary: This study aimed to induce the differentiation of ADSCs into SCs using SC-Exos and investigate the mechanisms involved through miRNA sequencing. The results showed that SC-Exos were effective in inducing ADSCs differentiation, with differentially expressed miRNAs playing a vital role.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Donggi Paik, Lina Yao, Yancong Zhang, Sena Bae, Gabriel D. D'Agostino, Minghao Zhang, Eunha Kim, Eric A. Franzosa, Julian Avila-Pacheco, Jordan E. Bisanz, Christopher K. Rakowski, Hera Vlamakis, Ramnik J. Xavier, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Randy S. Longman, Michael R. Krout, Clary B. Clish, Fraydoon Rastinejad, Curtis Huttenhower, Jun R. Huh, A. Sloan Devlin
Summary: This study identifies bile acids produced by gut bacteria that inhibit the differentiation of T(H)17 cells, a key immune cell type involved in inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. The levels of these bile acids are reduced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and are inversely correlated with the expression of T(H)17-cell-associated genes.
Article
Immunology
Jia Nie, Andrea C. Carpenter, Laura B. Chopp, Ting Chen, Mariah Balmaceno-Criss, Thomas Ciucci, Qi Xiao, Michael C. Kelly, Dorian B. McGavern, Yasmine Belkaid, Remy Bosselut
Summary: In this study, the transcription factor LRF was identified as an essential regulator for the maturation of IELps and their migration to the intestinal epithelium. LRF upregulates the expression of the integrin gene Itgb7, imprinting thymic precursors of CD8αα(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes for eventual seeding of the gut tissues.