Article
Ecology
Miranda D. Redmond, Alexandra K. Urza, Peter J. Weisberg
Summary: This paper discusses the need to manage for future drought resilience in dryland woodland ecosystems, specifically pinyon-juniper woodlands in western North America. It presents a landscape prioritization framework for guiding management goals and practices based on historical woodland structure, current vegetation structure, future climate suitability, and habitat and resource value. The paper also emphasizes the importance of adaptive management strategies and highlights the need for further research to fill knowledge gaps.
Article
Forestry
Patrick J. Comer, Emily Seddon
Summary: Decision support tools are crucial for implementing timely and location-specific adaptation in natural resource policy, planning, and management. As climate change accelerates, analytical frameworks for adaptation are emerging to aid decision-making processes. The NatureServe Habitat Climate Change Vulnerability Index (HCCVI) integrates climate and non-climate data to assess the relative vulnerability of different habitat or ecosystem types and guide climate-smart adaptation strategies. This study applies the HCCVI to pinyon pine and juniper woodland ecosystems in western North America, demonstrating the use of its outputs in adaptation zonation.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Adam R. R. Noel, Robert K. K. Shriver, Shelley D. D. Crausbay, John B. B. Bradford
Summary: Pinyon-juniper (PJ) woodlands are a crucial part of dryland ecosystems in the US West, but climate change could lead to population declines in 5 PJ tree species. Using demographic models, we predict how climate change will affect population demographics and classify the woodlands into categories based on their potential for resistance, acceptance, or direction of ecological transformation. Two species are projected to experience declines due to increased mortality and decreased recruitment rates. We assess the effectiveness of management strategies and identify areas where ecological transformation is likely and can be resisted through active management.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Alexander H. Krichels, Aral C. Greene, G. Darrel Jenerette, Marko J. Spasojevic, Sydney I. Glassman, Peter M. Homyak
Summary: Climate change affects precipitation, which in turn influences nitrogen cycling and nitric oxide emissions. The study found that excluding or adding winter precipitation increased nitric oxide emissions in the following summer, with higher emissions observed in both cases compared to control plots. Excluding winter precipitation led to inorganic nitrogen accumulation, while adding winter water resulted in increased microbial biomass. These precipitation legacies can accelerate soil nitric oxide emissions and amplify ecosystem nitrogen loss.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Feng Xu, Virgilio A. Bento, Yanping Qu, Qianfeng Wang
Summary: In this study, the daily SPEI algorithm was used to project global drought conditions during 2016-2100 based on the CMIP6 data. The influence of climate factors on drought was explored through partial correlation analysis. The results show that drought conditions projected by CMIP6 are similar under different models, but vary widely across regions. Most regions around the world are expected to experience increasingly severe drought conditions in the future.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shengli Liu, Tong Li, Bing Liu, Chenyang Xu, Yan Zhu, Liujun Xiao
Summary: This study focused on grassland activity in Inner Mongolia, China, and investigated the risk of vegetation decline under drought conditions. The results showed a positive correlation between water balance and vegetation activity, with soil properties playing a significant role in mitigating the adverse effects of drought on grassland vegetation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agronomy
M. D. Petrie, N. P. Savage
Summary: Pinon pine-juniper woodlands in southern Nevada are influenced by multiple factors including climate, landscape attributes, and tree stand characteristics. The water balance of these woodlands is primarily driven by precipitation, but partitioning is shaped by potential evapotranspiration and tree stand density. Soil moisture and tree transpiration are highest in winter and spring, and lowest in summer. The increasing influence of interception at higher tree densities affects the water balance. Understanding these factors can help explain variations in water balance in woodlands across western US and predict future changes in pinon pine-juniper ecosystems.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiangjin Shen, Yiwen Liu, Liyuan Wu, Rong Ma, Yanji Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Lei Wang, Binhui Liu, Xianguo Lu, Ming Jiang
Summary: This study shows that global grassland greening has significant effects on surface temperatures, with cooling effects in areas south of 50 degrees N and warming effects in areas north of 50 degrees N.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Subham Banerjee, Dhritiman Das, Hui Zhang, Robert John
Summary: This study assessed the changes in ecosystems in the Terai region at the base of the Himalayas over three decades and analyzed the effects of climate, environment, and human factors on grassland transitions. The study found that grassland area decreased by 34.4%, while woodland area increased by 8.7%. Grassland persistence was mainly influenced by grass fires and anthropogenic impacts.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dineshkumar Muthuvel, Bellie Sivakumar, Amai Mahesha
Summary: This study aims to assess global concurrent drought traits and their effects on maize yield under climate change. The results indicate that the most vulnerable regions in the late 21st century are Central America, the Mediterranean, Southern Africa, and the Amazon basin. Concurrent drought affects maize yield tremendously, and applying statistical and soft-computing techniques could aid in drought mitigation under changing climatic conditions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qing Qu, Lei Deng, Zhouping Shangguan, Jian Sun, Jinsheng He, Kaibo Wang, Zhengchao Zhou, Jiwei Li, Josep Penuelas
Summary: Grazing exclusion is a widely implemented strategy for restoring degraded grassland ecosystems and increasing carbon stocks. This study analyzed data from 199 experiments to understand the temporal responses and factors influencing plant and soil carbon stocks following grazing exclusion in different grassland ecosystems. The results showed that plant biomass carbon stocks and soil organic carbon stocks decreased exponentially or rationally with years since enclosure. Grazing exclusion had positive effects on aboveground biomass carbon, but the effects on belowground biomass and soil carbon were influenced by climate, initial carbon levels, and grazing exclusion duration. The response of carbon stocks to grazing exclusion stabilized after approximately 40 years, with soil carbon sequestration showing a lagged pattern compared to plant biomass carbon. The study highlighted the effectiveness of grazing exclusion in regions with low carbon content and non-water limited conditions. However, it might not be an effective measure to increase soil organic carbon stocks in water-limited areas like desert grasslands.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guiyang Wu, Jie Chen, Xinyan Shi, Jong-Suk Kim, Jun Xia, Liping Zhang
Summary: This study investigates changes in meteorological and hydrological drought conditions in 8,655 watersheds globally under 1.5-3.0 degrees C warmer climates. The results show that, except for certain regions, both meteorological and hydrological drought conditions would be relieved in warmer climates due to increased precipitation. However, the severity of drought conditions would increase during the propagation from meteorological to hydrological droughts, with more severe conditions occurring first and then being relieved with rising temperatures. Efforts to slow down global warming are crucial to suppress the deterioration of drought conditions during propagation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marianne Cowherd, L. Ruby Leung, Manuela Girotto
Summary: Seasonal snow is crucial for global water supply, but snow droughts are becoming more frequent and severe. This study used climate models to analyze the frequency, severity, and type of snow droughts globally. The results highlight the emerging threat of snow droughts to water resources and the need for better models to understand complex mountain topography, wildland fires, and snow-forest interactions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Esther Bochet, Maria Jose Molina, Vicente Monleon, Tiscar Espigares, Jose Manuel Nicolau, Mariano Moreno de Las Heras, Patricio Garcia-Fayos
Summary: The study highlighted the strong interaction between aridity and past human disturbance on soil and vegetation properties in Mediterranean holm oak woodlands. Results showed a non-linear trend in soil function with increasing disturbance in sub-humid conditions, while a linear decline was observed in semi-arid and dry-transition conditions. Structural changes in vegetation accompanied these patterns, indicating a critical climatic threshold between sub-humid and dry-transition conditions.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Esra H. Sohlstrom, Ulrich Brose, Roel van Klink, Bjorn C. Rall, Benjamin Rosenbaum, Martin Schadler, Andrew D. Barnes
Summary: Climate change and land-use intensification pose increasing threats to biodiversity. In a field-scale grassland experiment, we tested the combined effects of climate change and land-use intensification on arthropod biodiversity. We found that climate change reduced arthropod abundance, while land-use intensification reduced overall community abundance and altered species composition. These changes will have profound consequences for ecosystem functioning under future environmental conditions.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Kyle Dohcrty, Matthew A. Bowker, Rebecca A. Durham, Anita Antoninka, Philip Ramscy, Daniel Mummey
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
David J. Eldridge, Sasha Reed, Samantha K. Travers, Matthew A. Bowker, Fernando T. Maestre, Jingyi Ding, Caroline Havrilla, Emilio Rodriguez-Caballero, Nichole Barger, Bettina Weber, Anita Antoninka, Jayne Belnap, Bala Chaudhary, Akasha Faist, Scott Ferrenberg, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, Oumarou Malam Issa, Yunge Zhao
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Soil Science
Xiaomeng Yao, Matthew A. Bowker, Bo Xiao
Article
Plant Sciences
Kirsten K. Coe, Joshua L. Greenwood, Mandy L. Slate, Theresa A. Clark, John C. Brinda, Kirsten M. Fisher, Brent D. Mishler, Matthew A. Bowker, Melvin J. Oliver, Sotodeh Ebrahimi, Lloyd R. Stark
Summary: This study demonstrates that desiccation tolerance varies with life phase in Syntrichia caninervis, with adult shoots showing a more stable DT strategy compared to protonema and gemmae. A new response variable for assessing the degree of desiccation tolerance is introduced, which is the minimum rate of drying required for full recovery.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Michael J. Remke, Nancy C. Johnson, Jeffrey Wright, Matthew Williamson, Matthew A. Bowker
Summary: This study demonstrates that plant genotypes may be adapted to the water availability of their local environment, involving associations with local soil biota; under extreme soil drying conditions, dry site ecotypes tend to perform better, and sympatric soil inoculum helps enhance associations between plants and AM fungi. The findings suggest that co-adaptation between plants and their associated AM fungi can help alleviate drought stress, as shown by the positive correlation between AM fungal structures and plant growth, particularly in sympatric pairs.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anderson T. Silva, Bei Gao, Kirsten M. Fisher, Brent D. Mishler, Jenna T. B. Ekwealor, Lloyd R. Stark, Xiaoshuang Li, Daoyuan Zhang, Matthew A. Bowker, John C. Brinda, Kirsten K. Coe, Melvin J. Oliver
Summary: With global climate change, water scarcity threatens agro/ecosystems. The extremophile desert moss Syntrichia caninervis has undergone a single whole genome duplication event and evidence of chromosomal losses. The transcriptomic response to desiccation identified four clusters of novel genes, offering new perspectives for understanding plant desiccation tolerance evolution.
Article
Microbiology
Akasha M. Faist, Anita J. Antoninka, Nichole N. Barger, Matthew A. Bowker, V. Bala Chaudhary, Caroline A. Havrilla, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, Sasha C. Reed, Bettina Weber
Summary: Biological soil crusts, composed of a variety of microorganisms, are common in drylands and play important roles in ecosystems. They can serve as a useful teaching tool for understanding concepts such as biodiversity and ecosystem processes through hands-on learning and experimentation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shenglong Li, Matthew A. Bowker, Bo Xiao
Summary: Non-rainfall water deposition is an important water resource for dryland ecosystems, with biocrusts significantly impacting the capacity and distribution of non-rainfall water. Biocrusts were found to influence soil water balance through faster rates of water formation, higher condensation from atmospheric and soil sources, and greater non-rainfall water amount occurring in the top 3 cm of soil. These effects on non-rainfall water deposition were attributed to biocrust influences on soil properties.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Matthew Jaquette, Andrew J. Sanchez Meador, David W. Huffman, Matthew A. Bowker
Summary: The structure and composition of southwestern dry mixed-conifer forests have changed significantly, leading to decreased forest resiliency and threatening ecosystem services. Historical forests differ from contemporary forests, with environmental factors playing a key role in contemporary forest conditions. Managers can use this understanding to tailor silvicultural prescriptions to environmental templates.
Article
Ecology
Matthew A. Bowker, M. Cristina Rengifo-Faiffer, Anita J. Antoninka, Henry S. Grover, Kirsten K. Coe, Kirsten Fisher, Brent D. Mishler, Mel Oliver, Lloyd R. Stark
Summary: Productivity is mainly influenced by community composition, while intraspecific diversity has varying effects on productivity. Resistance is primarily influenced by community composition, with species richness and intraspecific diversity having limited impact.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jenna T. B. Ekwealor, Simone D. Benjamin, Jordan Z. Jomsky, Matthew A. Bowker, Lloyd R. Stark, D. Nicholas McLetchie, Brent D. Mishler, Kirsten M. Fisher
Summary: This study presents a technique to determine the genotypic sex of S. caninervis moss and examines the genotypic and phenotypic sex ratios in a case study. The results show that the genotypic ratio of non-expressing shoots is female-biased and exceeds the phenotypic ratio. Additionally, the distribution of male and female genotypes is not predicted by sex expression patterns in different microhabitats.
APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Michael J. Remke, Nancy C. Johnson, Matthew A. Bowker
Summary: Climate change affects plants by changing temperature and precipitation, leading to plant mortality and shifts in distribution. Plants in soil with low water holding capacity are more vulnerable to reduced water availability caused by climate change. Complex biotic interactions between plants and soil organisms can mitigate or exacerbate the effects of climate change. The study found that transplanted plants responded differently to soil provenance and inoculation depending on the environmental conditions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Shenglong Li, Matthew A. Bowker, Bo Xiao
Summary: Biocrusts have a significant impact on soil water balance by increasing evaporation and water loss, despite inputting more non-rainfall water (NRW).
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew A. Bowker, Kyle D. Doherty, Henry S. Grover, Anita J. Antoninka, Rebecca A. Durham, Philip Ramsey
Summary: Mosses are excluded from most native plant materials programs, but recent efforts have been made to propagate them for ecological restoration. Field re-entry and establishment of mosses have proven challenging, possibly due to their lack of field readiness. Mosses propagated outdoors with only one initial fall irrigation event showed less cover loss compared to other methods. Addition of abscisic acid also induced a subtle difference in cover loss. However, all treatments declined to trace level moss cover after 3 years, indicating the need for methodologies that resemble field conditions.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Miriam Munoz-Rojas, Nathali Maria Machado de Lima, Sonia Chamizo, Matthew A. Bowker
Summary: Climate change is expected to affect fire regimes, impacting soils and ecosystems. Biocrusts, composed of photosynthetic organisms and associated microorganisms, can help mitigate soil erosion, hydrological issues, and flooding in burned areas. Novel approaches for cultivating and using biocrust communities are being developed for post-fire restoration on a large scale.
CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Narendra Nelli, Diana Francis, Ricardo Fonseca, Olivier Masson, Mamadou Sow, Emmanuel Bosc
Summary: This study investigates the changes in the atmospheric electric field (Ez) during foggy conditions in the hyperarid region of the United Arab Emirates. The results show that as fog persists, Ez becomes more variable due to the absorption and redistribution of charges by the fog, which alters the ion balance and affects electrical conductivity in the atmosphere.
JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
(2024)
Article
Ecology
Ezra Hadad, Amir Balaban, Jakub Z. Kosicki, Reuven Yosef
Summary: This study investigated whether the prey of striped hyenas has adapted to the change in the natural environment caused by human activities, particularly artificial light at night (ALAN). The results showed that ALAN had no impact on the diet or den distribution of the hyenas in central Israel. The study also found that domestic animals were the most common prey, and there were also some vegetative species in their diet. Overall, the feeding behavior of striped hyenas is influenced by geographical region, habitat, and human activities.
JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
(2024)
Article
Ecology
Rahim Najafi Tireh Shabankareh, Pardis Ziaee, Mohammad Javad Abedini
Summary: This study evaluated the IMERG satellite-based precipitation product in the Fars province of Iran using daily rain gauges as reference data. The results showed that the product tends to overestimate light rainfall and underestimate heavy rainfall, with the best performance in the 40-80 mm/day range. The accuracy of the product varies by month and is less biased in months with milder temperatures. Additionally, there was a higher correlation in mid-elevated areas, positive bias in low-elevated areas, and negative bias in high-elevated areas. Longer time scales showed considerable improvement in the IMERG estimates.
JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
(2024)