Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and thioredoxin reductase are involved in 5-nitroimidazole activation while flavin metabolism is linked to 5-nitroimidazole resistance in Giardia lamblia

Pathophysiology of enteric infections withGiardia duodenalis

(2013) A.G. Buret   Parasite

A Rapid, High-Throughput Viability Assay forBlastocystisspp. Reveals Metronidazole Resistance and Extensive Subtype-Dependent Variations in Drug Susceptibilities

(2010) Haris Mirza et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Giardia lamblia encodes a functional flavohemoglobin

(2010) Steven Rafferty et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

A new-generation 5-nitroimidazole can induce highly metronidazole-resistant Giardia lamblia in vitro

(2010) Linda A. Dunn et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

The flavin inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium renders Trichomonas vaginalis resistant to metronidazole, inhibits thioredoxin reductase and flavin reductase, and shuts off hydrogenosomal enzymatic pathways

(2010) David Leitsch et al.   MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY

Susceptibility in vitro of clinically metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis to nitazoxanide, toyocamycin, and 2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine

(2010) Janelle M. Wright et al.   PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH

Bacteroides fragilis RecA protein overexpression causes resistance to metronidazole

(2010) Laura S. Steffens et al.   RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY

Characterization of the NAD(P)H oxidase and metronidazole reductase activities of the RdxA nitroreductase ofHelicobacter pylori

(2009) Igor N. Olekhnovich et al.   FEBS Journal

In vitro resistance to 5-nitroimidazoles and benzimidazoles in Giardia duodenalis: Variability and variation in gene expression

(2009) Raúl Argüello-García et al.   INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Overexpression of the rhamnose catabolism regulatory protein, RhaR: a novel mechanism for metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

(2009) E. H. Patel et al.   JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY

Hydrogenosomes of Laboratory-Induced Metronidazole-ResistantTrichomonas vaginalisLines are Downsized While Those from Clinically Metronidazole-Resistant Isolates Are Not

(2009) JANELLE M. WRIGHT et al.   JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY

Synthesis and Electrochemistry of 2-Ethenyl and 2-Ethanyl Derivatives of 5-Nitroimidazole and Antimicrobial Activity againstGiardia lamblia

(2009) Carlos A. Valdez et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Trichomonas vaginalis: metronidazole and other nitroimidazole drugs are reduced by the flavin enzyme thioredoxin reductase and disrupt the cellular redox system. Implications for nitroimidazole toxicity and resistance

(2009) David Leitsch et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Blastocystis exhibits inter- and intra-subtype variation in cysteine protease activity

(2008) Haris Mirza et al.   PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH