Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cristina Lalmolda, Pablo Florez, Carles Grimau, Roberto Larrosa, Marta Corral, Javier Sayas, Manel Lujan
Summary: The introduction of external gas in the NIV circuit can lead to asynchronies in both bench and patient studies, with autotriggering being the most common issue. Variations were observed based on the ventilator model and gas source used. Monitoring the patient at the initiation of treatment is recommended due to the variable impact of external gas on ventilator triggers.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Evanirso S. Aquino, Alberto A. Vergara, Luiz Vicente R. F. Silva Filho
Summary: The study assessed the performance of compressors from nebulizer systems used by individuals with cystic fibrosis, finding a considerable proportion of compressors not functioning properly, leading to decreased nebulization efficiency, with operating pressure being a critical aspect of treatment efficiency.
Article
Virology
David Lebeaux, Maia Merabishvili, Eric Caudron, Damien Lannoy, Leen Van Simaey, Hans Duyvejonck, Romain Guillemain, Caroline Thumerelle, Isabelle Podglajen, Fabrice Compain, Najiby Kassis, Jean-Luc Mainardi, Johannes Wittmann, Christine Rohde, Jean-Paul Pirnay, Nicolas Dufour, Stefan Vermeulen, Yannick Gansemans, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Mario Vaneechoutte
Summary: Phage therapy for A. xylosoxidans lung infection in a lung-transplanted patient showed good clinical tolerance, with gradual improvement in respiratory condition and successful discontinuation of oxygen therapy. Strain-specific qPCRs revealed a more complex dynamics of infection involving multiple strains.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Matthias Otto, Yannik Kropp, Evelyn Jaeger, Michael Neumaier, Manfred Thiel, Michael Quintel, Charalambos Tsagogiorgas
Summary: Mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often receive aerosolized iloprost, and prolonged inhalation may improve its clinical effectiveness. The use of inspiration-synchronized vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMNsyn) is a possible solution, as they achieve high drug deposition rates and longer nebulization times. In an in vitro model, the VMNsyn and a continuous vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMNcont) were compared in different ventilation modes, with the VMNsyn showing comparable deposition rates to the VMNcont during volume-controlled ventilation, but 10.9% lower during pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation. The nebulization time was significantly longer with the VMNsyn during both ventilation modes. Therefore, inspiration-synchronized nebulization during volume-controlled ventilation mode seems to be the most suitable for prolonged inhalative iloprost administration in mechanically ventilated patients.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Lara Leclerc, Nathalie Prevot, Sophie Hodin, Xavier Delavenne, Heribert Mentzel, Uwe Schuschnig, Jeremie Pourchez
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of nasal delivery technique and nebulizing technologies on the targeting of maxillary sinuses with acoustic aerosol. Different devices and techniques were assessed, and the results showed that a closed soft palate and the PARI SINUS nebulizer yielded higher intrasinus aerosol deposition compared to other conditions. The choice of nebulizing technology and nasal delivery technique are crucial factors in improving aerosol deposition in the maxillary sinuses.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giovanna Batoni, Giuseppantonio Maisetta, Esingul Kaya, Semih Esin
Summary: Probiotics have emerged as an attractive approach to replace or complement the use of antibiotics in cystic fibrosis (CF), as the spread of bacterial resistance to conventional drugs has become a serious issue. Administering probiotics orally has shown to improve lung function and reduce infection and exacerbation rates in CF patients. However, some studies have reported no beneficial effects of probiotics, suggesting the need for further improvement of this innovative intervention in CF.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Luciana Alcoforado, Dulciane Nunes Paiva, Arzu Ari, Jacqueline de Melo Barcelar, Simone Cristina Soares Brandao, James B. Fink, Armele Dornelas de Andrade
Summary: This study compared the pulmonary deposition of a jet nebulizer (JN) and a mesh nebulizer (MN) with and without a valved holding chamber (VHC) in a randomized cross-over trial. The results showed that using a VHC significantly increased pulmonary deposition for the JN, while the MN with VHC had the highest pulmonary deposition. However, the addition of a VHC did not substantially improve the efficiency of aerosol lung deposition for the JN alone.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Katarzyna Dobrowolska, Andrzej Emeryk, Kamil Janeczek, Radoslaw Krzosa, Michal Pirozynski, Tomasz R. Sosnowski
Summary: The physicochemical properties of micronized steroid suspensions have a weak influence on droplet size distribution and aerosol deposition, but affect the conversion of the drug to inhalable aerosol. The maximum inhaled dose of budesonide is below 80-90% of the label dose, depending on the formulation. This study highlights the sensitivity of nebulization in vibrating mesh nebulizers to minor dissimilarities among generic pharmaceuticals and discusses their potential clinical relevance.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amin Rakhshan, Nazanin Farahbakhsh, Ghamartaj Khanbabaee, Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaii, Saeed Sadr, Maryam Hassanzad, Mohammad Sistanizad, Farzaneh Dastan, Mahmoud Hajipour, Amir Reza Bahadori, Bahador Mirrahimi
Summary: This study evaluated the concurrent use of inhaled and intravenous aminoglycoside antibiotics for treating pulmonary exacerbation caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. The results showed that this treatment method was safe and effective, and it improved patients' forced expiratory volume and treatment outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Renee N. Ng, Anna S. Tai, Barbara J. Chang, Stephen M. Stick, Anthony Kicic
Summary: This review discusses the use of primary airway epithelial cells to represent the mucoenvironment of the CF lungs for validating the safety and efficacy of phage therapy. The combination of phage therapy and antimicrobials is gaining attention for delaying the onset of MDR infections. Efforts to translate phage therapy into standard clinical practice have gained traction in the past 5 years, calling for collaboration and standardized policies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jim Manos
Summary: The aim of antimicrobial treatment for bacterial infections in CF lung is to improve infection outcomes for patients. Current treatments include antibiotics with physical therapy, but there are challenges such as bacterial survival in biofilm aggregates. Emerging treatments involving novel compounds or bacteriophages show promise in disrupting biofilm matrix and improving antibiotic access.
Review
Biology
Christine Esposito, Martin Kamper, Jessica Trentacoste, Susan Galvin, Halie Pfister, Janice Wang
Summary: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that primarily affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and currently has no cure. This review discusses the mainstay treatments and anticipated therapeutics under development for cystic fibrosis, including mucociliary clearance, anti-inflammatory and anti-infective therapies, and genetic therapies.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kak-Ming Ling, Stephen Michael Stick, Anthony Kicic
Summary: For individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), hyper-concentrated mucus provides an ideal environment for bacterial colonization and chronic infection. Antibiotic treatment initially limits bacterial pathogens but leads to resistance and long-term consequences. Bacteriophage therapy is a potential alternative, but its effectiveness and dynamics with mucus in respiratory infections are poorly understood. This review examines CF-related lung diseases, the impact of CF mucus, and the therapeutic potential of phage, as well as the interaction between phage and mucus in CF.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Cansu Yilmaz Yegit, Almala Pinar Ergenekon, Huseyin Hakan Mursaloglu, Muruvvet Cenk, Burcu Suzer Uzunoglu, Gamze Tastan, Yasemin Gokdemir, Ela Erdem Eralp, Fazilet Karakoc, Samya Z. Nasr, Bulent Karadag
Summary: The study aimed to assess CF patients' knowledge of nebulizer hygiene and infection prevention measures, and the impact of a training program on nebulizer cleaning and disinfection practices. Following standardized training, there was a significant improvement in the usage of appropriate methods according to guidelines, as well as in the frequency and methods of cleaning and disinfection.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Filippo Scialo, Felice Amato, Gustavo Cernera, Monica Gelzo, Federica Zarrilli, Marika Comegna, Lucio Pastore, Andrea Bianco, Giuseppe Castaldo
Summary: The defective mucociliary clearance in CF patients due to CFTR malfunctioning predisposes them to colonization by pathogens, leading to recurrent inflammation and rapid deterioration of lung function, impacting the lung microbiome composition. Understanding of microbial interactions in the lung and how they change during disease progression is still in its early stages, but manipulating the lung microbiome could offer promising prospects for improving therapies for CF patients.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Danielle L. Peters, Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Paul Stothard, Jonathan J. Dennis
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sana Hosseini, Laleh Golshahi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
John V. Wilkins, Michelle T. Gardner, Ross Walenga, Sana Hosseini, P. Worth Longest, Laleh Golshahi
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Andrea Lin, Jonathan J. Dennis
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
John V. Wilkins, Laleh Golshahi, Nausheen Rahman, Lillian Li
Summary: Nasal delivery is an effective route for vaccination against respiratory infections, but little is known about the nasal distribution of vaccines for infants. Anatomical nasal replicas were used to assess local intranasal vaccine delivery efficiency, with results showing an average delivery efficiency of 86.57%. Regional deposition patterns varied based on the model and subsequent administration, indicating the importance of considering individual factors in nasal vaccine delivery.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Carly M. Davis, Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Jonathan J. Dennis
Summary: This study investigates the morphological changes induced by sub-MIC levels of the antibiotic aztreonam lysine (AzLys) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the synergistic inhibitory effects of bacteriophages combined with antibiotics on bacteria. The results show that sub-inhibitory AzLys-induced filamentation of P. aeruginosa cells leads to a decrease in bacterial motility, while the combination of phage and AzLys significantly reduces biofilm growth.
Review
Virology
Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Jonathan J. Dennis
Summary: The isolation and characterization of bacteriophages for treating infections caused by multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is crucial. Research has focused on isolating new phages from the environment or induced from bacterial strains. Clinical significance, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of S. maltophilia have been summarized, along with strategies for using phages as an alternative treatment option. Limited in vivo phage therapy studies have been conducted, highlighting the need for future research in this area.
Review
Virology
Philip Lauman, Jonathan J. Dennis
Summary: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to public health, particularly the drug-resistant species like the Bcc complex. Phage therapy shows promise as a potential solution to combat these difficult-to-treat pathogens.
Article
Virology
Carly M. Davis, Marta K. Ruest, Jamie H. Cole, Jonathan J. Dennis
Summary: Bacteriophage JC1 is a phage that can infect a wide range of bacterial complex and has stable integration and desirable characteristics for phage therapy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Andrea Lin, Jonathan J. Dennis
Summary: This study characterizes the bacteriophage AXL1, which was isolated from soil and has the ability to selectively kill multiple pathogenic bacteria. It also demonstrates the presence of antibiotic resistance in the phage. Additionally, the study reveals the mechanism of AXL1 using the type IV pilus as its host receptor for infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Marta K. Ruest, Jonathan J. Dennis
Summary: Resistance to antibiotics in bacteria poses a major threat to human health. Antibacterial drug discovery is now focusing on targeting bacterial virulence factors, particularly immune evasion factors. Gram-negative bacteria present significant challenges in terms of antibiotic resistance, but can be eliminated by the complement system of the innate immune system.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sana Hosseini, Ali Alfaifi, Amir Reza Esmaeili, David Edwards, Theodore Schuman, Worth Longest, Michael Hindle, Laleh Golshahi
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between nasal anatomical characteristics and drug deposition. The results showed no clear correlation between nasal anatomical characteristics and drug deposition, but a combination of specific variables can predict the range of drug deposition.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lillian Li, John V. V. Wilkins Jr, Amir R. Esmaeili, Nausheen Rahman, Laleh Golshahi
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between spray characteristics and the delivery efficiency in the nasal airways of infants using various intranasal devices. The results show that all four devices consistently deliver a high percentage of the vaccine to the target areas, with a minimum delivery efficiency of 80%. Furthermore, the spray performance is influenced by droplet size distribution and nozzle-to-nasal valve distance.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Arun Kolanjiyil, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin, Laleh Golshahi, Michael Hindle, Worth Longest
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of changes in spray cone angle, spray velocity, spray ovality, and droplet size distribution on regional nasal deposition using a computational fluid dynamics model. The results showed that spray cone angle had the greatest impact on nasal deposition, followed by plume ovality and characteristic droplet size. Spray velocity and droplet size distribution uniformity had only minimal influence. The study established quantitative relationships for predicting changes in nasal deposition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sana Hosseini, Vinit Gholap, Matthew S. Halquist, Laleh Golshahi
Summary: Currently, the impact of device settings and e-liquid composition on nicotine delivery to the lungs is not fully understood. This study developed an in situ size assessment method to measure real-time aerosol characteristics in a biorelevant mouth-throat model. The results showed that body temperature and humidity significantly influenced aerosol size and nicotine delivery, highlighting the importance of considering realistic in vivo conditions in in vitro measurements.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)