Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Rui-fang Wang, Bo Zhang, Cheng-jun Liu, Mao-fa Jiang
Summary: Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) is the most commonly used method for producing molten steel, aiming to achieve safety, efficiency, cleanliness, and intelligence. Splashing events during the BOS process can lead to undesirable consequences, such as casualties, low efficiency, environmental pollution, and uncontrollable operation. Research has revealed that inappropriate foaming is the root cause of splashing, and various monitoring techniques have been developed to measure real-time slag foaming in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF), with the audiometry technique being comprehensively introduced with practical application. Countermeasures for the three types of splashing have been proposed based on the formation mechanisms, involving measures related to raw materials, slag formation, blowing pattern, and the use of splashing regulating agents. Future work should focus on implementing automatic prevention measures based on monitoring technology to promote intelligent steelmaking.
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Vignesh Ram Petha Sethuraman, Yosheph Yang, Jae Gang Kim
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between the self-excited shock train flow and the cavity shear layer in a scramjet isolator using detached-eddy simulations. The effects of changing the shock train position and the cavity front wall angle are analyzed, and the propagation mechanism of the pressure disturbance is examined. The results show that the low-frequency shock train oscillation dominates the self-sustained cavity oscillation, and the spatiotemporal cross-correlation analysis reveals the propagation of local disturbances originating from the separated boundary layer and the recirculation zone in the cavity corners. The dynamic mode decomposition analysis demonstrates the shear layer at the leading edge of the cavity and the downstream propagation of large eddies from the cavity, as well as the pairing of coherent structures between the shock train and the cavity's recirculation zone.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Dongpeng Jia, Jun Yang, Chaoyang Liu, Long Jin, Dezhi Zhang, Min Zhang, Jin Li
Summary: An experimental study was conducted on the dynamic response characteristics of the flame in a cavity-based scramjet combustor during a sudden increase in global equivalence ratio during condition transition. Three flame modes were observed and analyzed using high-speed photography, showing that intense periodic flame flashback occurs when the injection pressure difference exceeds a critical value. The dominant frequency of flame flashback decreases and the contrast of combustion intensity becomes more obvious as the injection pressure difference increases.
Article
Optics
Yiwen Jin, Miao Hu, Mengmeng Xu, Hengfeng Yan, Chong Liu, Long Chen, Haozhen Li, Meihua Bi, Xuefang Zhou
Summary: Three longitudinal mode oscillation states and their corresponding pulse characteristics were obtained by utilizing the etalon effect in a self-mode-locked laser. The experimental results showed good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Munehisa Sekikawa, Naohiko Inaba
Summary: The study explores the bifurcation structures of nested MMOIB-generated MMOs, revealing complex phenomena with strong order characteristics. Through numerical methods, two- and one-parameter bifurcation diagrams were prepared, showcasing the nested MMOs and their orderly nature. The research defines the first return maps for nested MMOs, shedding light on the appearance of successively nested MMOIBs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS
(2021)
Article
Robotics
Liangliang Sun
Summary: With the growing market-oriented demand, the functional requirements for steelmaking-continuous casting (SCC) process have increased. This paper proposes an improved Lagrangian relaxation approach to effectively schedule the SCC process, aiming to enhance production efficiency and reduce material and energy consumption. The approach considers performance indexes and employs a target estimation level adjustment strategy to overcome convergence issues and oscillation in iteration.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Zheng Gong, Alexander W. Bruch, Fengyan Yang, Ming Li, Juanjuan Lu, Joshua B. Surya, Chang-Ling Zou, Hong X. Tang
Summary: Photonic platforms with chi((2)) nonlinearity provide new possibilities for Kerr frequency comb development. In this study, Kerr soliton generation and dual-band mode-locked combs are demonstrated in a single AlN microring through phasematched quadratic coupling. By engineering the chi((2)) phase-matching wavelength, a balance between high conversion efficiency and high soliton formation rate can be achieved under the given conditions of pump power and microring quality factors.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Caleb Leibowitz, Anthony J. Weiss
Summary: Cross-borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective tool for detecting underground cavities. Zero-offset profiling (ZOP) measurements are cheaper but may not provide accurate cavity detection, while multiple-offset gathers (MOGs) are more informative but costly. This article investigates the use of small offset measurements and shows it to be a favorable option in the expense-utility tradeoff. It also emphasizes the importance of appropriate traveltime measurement in the noise regime of GPR.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Caleb Leibowitz, Anthony J. Weiss
Summary: We propose a novel method for underground cavity detection using cross-borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The soil-cavity system is modeled as a filter, allowing estimation of the GPR signal's group dispersion induced by propagation through a cavity. Based on the observed group dispersion, we employ a hypothesis-testing approach and propose a method that can detect cavities with high probability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through both simulated and real measurements, and it is not significantly affected by geologic clutter. Furthermore, the proposed method can be combined with conventional methods to offer a more robust and effective cavity-detection solution.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Haotian Chen, Liu Chen
Summary: This study reveals, for the first time, the formal similarity between zonal flow excitation in collisionless trapped-electron-mode (CTEM) turbulence and ion temperature gradient turbulence, with trapped electrons contributing implicitly only through linear dynamics. The study further finds that for short wavelength CTEMs, the excitation of zonal flow is weak and not an effective saturation mechanism, and identifies corresponding controlling parameters. These findings not only explain seemingly contradictory simulation results, but also have implications for controlling CTEM instability and transport using experimentally accessible parameters.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Chengshuai Su, Ceji Fu
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on surface and volume phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and clarifies their excitation, characteristics, and topology in uniaxial hyperbolic materials. The study reveals the existence of hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons (HSPhPs) and non-Dyakonov surface phonon polaritons, providing new insights for the design of infrared optical devices with hyperbolic materials.
Article
Physics, Applied
Ik-Sun Hong, Se Kwon Kim, Kyung-Jin Lee, Gyungchoon Go
Summary: A magnonic version of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is proposed, utilizing the interaction between magnetic domain walls and spin waves. By adjusting the distance between two domain walls, the magnon wavelength passing through the interferometer can be tuned, offering a way to enhance magnonic information processing capability in a simple magnetic structure.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anindita Patra, Seung-Ki Min, Prashant Kumar, Xiaolan L. Wang
Summary: The study found significant global changes in seasonal extreme ocean wave heights under different levels of global warming, particularly at 3 degrees C. With increasing warming levels, there are significant increases in both the amplitude and area of extreme wave heights, leading to shorter return intervals of extreme wave events. Limiting global warming may bring potential benefits to some regions of the global ocean.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Nazim Ali, Sada Nand, Abhimanyu Kiran, Manoranjan Mishra, Vishwajeet Mehandia
Summary: We investigated the rheological aspects of collective motion by swimming Turbatrix aceti nematodes in an experimental study. We found that these nematodes can significantly alter the rheological properties of the suspension through their body oscillations and synchronized wave formations, resulting in strong fluid flows. The strength of the collective state also affects the shape of the swimming interface. At high shear rates, the effective viscosity of the nematode suspension exhibits steady viscous behavior without significant influence from nematode activity. However, at low shear rates, the activity effect becomes significant and generates oscillating viscous effects. Additionally, we explored the influence of nematode concentration on suspension viscosity. Our findings provide insights into the rheological aspects of active matter under different shear rates and suggest potential applications in the development of metamaterials with negative viscosity for healthcare and energy systems.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Victor C. Mayta, Angel F. Adames
Summary: Convectively coupled waves (CCWs) over the Western Hemisphere are classified based on their governing thermodynamics. The tropical depressions (TDs; TD waves) are the only waves considered as moisture modes, while temperature governs the thermodynamics of the eastward-propagating inertio-gravity (EIG) wave. Temperature and moisture play comparable roles in all the other waves including the Madden-Julian oscillation over the Western Hemisphere (MJO-W). The moist static energy (MSE) budget of CCWs is investigated and results reveal the primary drivers of column MSE propagation in different waves and the key factors in the maintenance of CCWs.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
S. Purohit, G. Brooks, M. A. Rhamdhani, M. I. Pownceby, N. A. S. Webster
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2020)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
S. Purohit, G. Brooks, M. A. Rhamdhani, M. Pownceby, N. A. S. Webster
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2020)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Nirmal Madhavan, G. A. Brooks, M. A. Rhamdhani, B. K. Rout, A. Overbosch
Summary: Utilizing mass and energy balance models, important parameters in steelmaking processes can be calculated. The study highlights the significance of the scrap to hot metal ratio in optimizing the oxygen steelmaking process. Results were validated and represented using a nomogram, providing a simple way for plant operators to estimate important process parameters.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Matthew Shaw, Matthew Humbert, Geoffrey Brooks, Akbar Rhamdhani, Alan Duffy, Mark Pownceby
Summary: This paper reviews the challenges of metal extraction and processing on the lunar surface, emphasizing the need for simplified processing flows and cost-saving methods. It suggests that significant research efforts are required before industrial-sized extra-terrestrial mineral processing and metal extraction operations can be viable.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nirmal Madhavan, Geoffrey Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Adam Bordignon
Summary: The steelmaking process is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The study analyzes the impact of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process on global warming potential (GWP) and identifies increasing scrap percentage as an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. However, there are potential issues associated with increased scrap usage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Geoffrey A. Brooks
Summary: This study investigates the thermodynamics behavior of ga in copper and slag at black copper smelting conditions. It found that reducing oxygen partial pressure, increasing temperature, Fe-T/SiO2 ratio, and basicity can increase the partitioning of Ga into the copper phase.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jason Heenatimulla, Geoffrey A. Brooks, Michelle Dunn, David Sly, Rod Snashall, Wang Leung
Summary: The control of slag foam in the BOF process is challenging, and acoustic analysis is a promising method for measuring slag foam height indirectly. Various studies have been conducted to analyze the behavior of sound in liquid foams and determine slag foam height in the BOF process. The accuracy of current systems in detecting and predicting slopping events is reported to be around 70% to 87%. There is a need for further investigation into the behavior of sound in dynamic foams and the comparison between cold model data and industrial data.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nirmal Madhavan, Geoffrey A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Bapin K. Rout, Aart Overbosch
Summary: Generated droplets in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process play a crucial role in heat transfer, but there have been limited studies on droplet heat transfer. This study develops a global droplet heat transfer model by considering both kinetic and dynamic aspects, and predicts the temperature evolution of different zones during the blowing period. The results show the high temperature range of the hot spot and the efficiency of heat transfer by droplets.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Matthew S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. Brooks, Alan R. Duffy, Chad Hargrave, M. Akbar Rhamdhani
Summary: This study aggregates previous empirical models for physical properties of mixtures of molten oxides and illustrates the dramatic variations of these properties during electrolysis and across the lunar surface. The new framework provided in this work allows for more accurate evaluation of system performance for Molten Regolith Electrolysis (MRE) system designers.
PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Isis R. Ignacio, Geoffrey Brooks, Mark Pownceby, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Willian John Rankin, Nathan A. S. Webster
Summary: Porosity plays a crucial role in determining the reducibility of sinter materials, and the presence of SFCA bonding phases is not necessary to achieve high reducibility.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Matthew G. G. Shaw, Matthew S. S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Alan R. R. Duffy, Mark I. I. Pownceby
Summary: In this study, the vacuum sublimation kinetics of the volatile oxides Na2O, K2O, and FeO in lunar regolith were evaluated for the extraction of metals. Factors such as temperature-induced evaporation flux change and sintering-related surface area reduction were taken into account. The results showed that there was no local maximum in the evaporation rate below the melting point, and the highest sublimation rate was determined to be 1200 degrees C for all species. It was also found that the predicted maximum sublimation rates differed significantly from the measured values.
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Ahmad Rizky Rhamdani, Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani, Geoffrey Brooks, Mark I. I. Pownceby, Yudi Nugraha Thaha, Trevor B. B. Abbott, John Grandfield, Chris Hartley
Summary: Rare Earth (RE) elements are used as alloying agents to enhance the properties of Al or Mg light metal (LM) alloys. The current method of producing Al/Mg-RE alloys involves melting Al or Mg with the necessary RE metal, but the high cost of RE metals limits their application. Extensive studies have been conducted to find alternative production methods to make RE alloys more efficient and cost-effective. This study provides a comprehensive overview of alternative production methods, including metallothermic reactions, multistage reduction of RE compounds, and electrolysis. The study also discusses ongoing and future research recommendations for Al/Mg-RE alloys and their industrial implications.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. Shahabuddin, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks
Summary: This article discusses the technoeconomics of hydrogen generation, transportation, compression, and storage in Australia, focusing on the cost and performance parameters of hydrogen generation and the economic analysis of compression, transportation, and storage. The study finds that reducing pressure and increasing temperature can improve the performance of electrolyzers. The results suggest that the levelized cost of hydrogen is expected to decrease in the future.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
E. Barberio, T. Baroncelli, L. J. Bignell, I. Bolognino, G. Brooks, F. Dastgiri, G. D'Imperio, A. Di Giacinto, A. R. Duffy, M. Froehlich, G. Fu, M. S. M. Gerathy, G. C. Hill, S. Krishnan, G. J. Lane, G. Lawrence, K. T. Leaver, I. Mahmood, A. Mariani, P. Mcgee, L. J. Mckie, P. C. Mcnamara, M. Mews, W. J. D. Melbourne, G. Milana, L. J. Milligan, J. Mould, F. Nuti, V. Pettinacci, F. Scutti, Z. Slavkovska, N. J. Spinks, O. Stanley, A. E. Stuchbery, G. N. Taylor, C. Tomei, P. Urquijo, C. Vignoli, A. G. Williams, Y. Y. Zhong, M. J. Zurowski
Summary: SABRE is a direct detection dark matter experiment based on NaI(Tl) crystals, aiming to validate the results of the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. This paper focuses on SABRE South and presents a detailed simulation and background estimation, expecting to exclude (confirm) DAMA/LIBRA modulation at a 4(5)sigma level within 2.5 years.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
G. A. Brooks, M. M. Hasan, M. A. Rhamdhani
10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE METALLURGICAL PROCESSING
(2019)
