Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bo Gao, Tao Xu, Li Wang, Yi Liu, Junliang Liu, Yaping Zhang, Yudong Sui, Wenwen Sun, Xuefei Chen, Xiaofeng Li, Lirong Xiao, Hao Zhou
Summary: The mechanical and electrochemical properties of AISI420 martensitic stainless steels tempered at different temperatures (200, 400, and 600 degrees C) were systematically investigated. It was found that tempering at 200 degrees C resulted in superior strength-ductility synergy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yisi Song, Chuanwei Li, Yu Liao, Lizhan Han, Jianfeng Gu
Summary: The effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 16%Cr-5%Ni super martensitic stainless steel were investigated. Reversed austenite was detected when tempered above 500 degrees C, reaching a maximum volume fraction of 17% at 620 degrees C. The enrichment of Ni determined the thermal stability of reversed austenite, and the precipitation of M23C6 carbides promoted the nucleation and growth of reversed austenite.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hao Chen, Tianyi Zeng, Quanqiang Shi, Naiming Wang, Shuzhan Zhang, Ke Yang, Wei Yan, Wei Wang
Summary: The effect of tempering time on the microstructure and tensile properties of low carbon martensitic stainless bearing steel was investigated. The results revealed that the coarsening of martensitic blocks and dislocation annihilation occurred during the tempering process. Additionally, the formation of reverted austenite led to an increase in the austenite content. The study also found that with increasing tempering time, a transition from ductile fracture to quasi-cleavage fracture was observed, and the yield strength initially increased, reaching a peak at 24 hours of tempering before gradually declining.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaowen Sun, Yuefeng Wang, Dongyun Sun, Xin Jia, Ting Zhao, Fucheng Zhang, Tiansheng Wang
Summary: In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Si-H13 nanobainite steel subjected to multi-tempering processes were investigated. The results showed that multi-tempering increased the yield strength and led to secondary hardening due to precipitation strengthening. However, the increase in thickness of bainitic ferrite laths was minimal.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xubiao Wang, Changbo Liu, Yuman Qin, Yanguo Li, Zhinan Yang, Xiaoyan Long, Mingming Wang, Fucheng Zhang
Summary: This research focused on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of nanostructured bainite tempered at different temperatures. The results showed that bainitic transformation occurred in retained austenite between 210-320 degrees C. At higher temperatures, cementite precipitated from retained austenite, reducing its stability and leading to stress-induced martensitic transformation during deformation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Raiyan Seede, Bing Zhang, Austin Whitt, Sezer Picak, Sean Gibbons, Philip Flater, Alaa Elwany, Raymundo Arroyave, Ibrahim Karaman
Summary: The newly developed ultra-high strength martensitic steel AF9628 has garnered attention for its combination of high yield strength and ductility at a low cost. Studies have shown that additive manufacturing using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can successfully produce AF9628, but post-processing heat treatments can improve material hardness and reduce variability.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chong-Ming Jiang, Jeng-Rong Ho, Pi-Cheng Tung, Chih-Kuang Lin
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between build orientation, heat treatment, microstructure, and mechanical properties of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The direction of build orientation significantly affects the strength and ductility of the material, with the parallel build direction exhibiting better properties. Heat treatment also plays a role in improving the anisotropic tensile strength, although it reduces elongation. The microstructure of the SLM builds is responsible for the observed anisotropic properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yinzhong Shen, Jianxing Wo
Summary: M3C2 (Cr3C2 type) carbide, a Cr-rich alloy phase, was observed in an 11%Cr ferritic/martensitic steel after normalization and tempering through transmission electron microscopy. The carbide showed irregular block, branch crystal-like, and needle-like morphologies, with sizes ranging from 100 to 350nm in diameter and 200-470nm in length. Its approximate chemical formula was (Cr0.55Fe0.4W0.05)3C2. The formation mechanism of the carbide during tempering was discussed.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jia Fu, Chaoqi Xia
Summary: X6CrNiMoVNb11-2 supermartensitic stainless steel, after quenching and tempering treatment, exhibits good mechanical properties with high hardness, satisfactory elongation and impact toughness. The study shows that by optimizing the heat-treatment process parameters, ideal performance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the strengthening and control of stainless steel in future applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunchao Li, Engang Wang, Lin Zhang, Yves Fautrelle, Xue Zhao, Xiao Guo, Daoqi Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of 60Si2CrVNb spring steel under different quenching and tempering processes. The results showed that the highest ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were achieved through austenitization at 900 & DEG;C and subsequent tempering at 350 & DEG;C. The optimal combination of mechanical properties was obtained by quenching at 900 & DEG;C for 30 min and tempering at 400 & DEG;C for 90 min, with improved tensile strength and plasticity.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liyang Zhao, Qiuming Wang, Genhao Shi, Bing Hu, Shibiao Wang, Mingliang Qiao, Qingfeng Wang, Riping Liu
Summary: The impact of microstructure evolution on the mechanical properties of a typical 500 MPa-grade weathering steel was investigated using SEM, HRTEM, and XRD. It was found that the as-rolled steel exhibited unsatisfactory mechanical properties due to the presence of GBF and M/A constituents. Increasing the tempering temperature led to the decomposition of M/A constituents, resulting in the formation of carbides and an increase in HAGBs proportion. This, in turn, improved the yield strength and impact toughness. However, tempering at 650 degrees C deteriorated the impact toughness due to the precipitation of M23C6 carbides at the grain boundaries.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zeju Weng, Kaixuan Gu, Jianpeng Zheng, Chen Cui, Mingli Zhang, Junjie Wang
Summary: In this study, the cryogenically martensitic transformation and its effects on the tempering behaviors of bearing steel were investigated. The results showed that the athermally martensitic transformation of samples experienced three different stages and the transformation rate decreased with the increase of cooling rate. The content of retained austenite transformed isothermally was much smaller and the amount of isothermally formed martensite did not show a linear relationship with the temperature. In addition, DCT improved the tempered hardness of samples and decreased the content of retained austenite. The DCT also affected the decomposition of retained austenite during tempering by lowering the activation energy of decomposition. The microstructure observation showed that the new formed martensite was dominated by ultra-fine twins and the transformation strain induced by DCT caused more dislocations in the microstructure.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fuhai Zhu, Danqing Jiang, Shujian Sun, Han Wu, Zhenqiang Zhang, Jiang Wang, Zhongming Ren
Summary: This study investigates the effect of alternating magnetic field (AMF) on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of M50 bearing steel during tempering. The results show that the application of AMF promotes the dissolution and refinement of carbides, leading to increased hardness and tensile strength.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sang-Gyu Kim, Jae-Yun Kim, Byoungchul Hwang
Summary: The effect of tempering temperature on the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of SCM440 tempered martensitic steels was investigated. Microstructure, hydrogen desorption behavior, and hydrogen embrittlement resistance were analyzed. It was found that an increasing tempering temperature led to improved hydrogen embrittlement resistance due to changes in microstructure and trap sites for hydrogen.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pavel Salvetr, Andrea Skolakova, Jakub Kotous, Jan Drahokoupil, Daniel Melzer, Zdenek Jansa, Crtomir Donik, Aleksandr Gokhman, Zbysek Novy
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the properties of medium-carbon steel during tempering treatment and to enhance the strength of medium-carbon spring steels using strain-assisted tempering (SAT). The effects of double-step tempering and double-step tempering with rotary swaging (SAT) on mechanical properties and microstructure were examined. The results showed that SAT treatment significantly increased the yield strength of the medium-carbon steel samples, while reducing the plastic properties such as elongation and reduction in area compared to the double-step tempering treatment. Grain boundary strengthening and lower dislocation strengthening contribution were observed in the SAT samples.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
R. Mishnev, N. Dudova, R. Kaibyshev
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2020)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
A. Fedoseeva, I. Nikitin, N. Dudova, R. Kaibyshev
Summary: The precipitation of Z-phase in 9% Cr-3% Co martensitic steel during creep at 923 K and 948 K is influenced by temperature, with significant effects on nucleation mechanisms and coarsening behaviors. Different mechanisms of Z-phase precipitation have been observed, including in-situ transformation of MX carbonitrides and strain-induced metastable Z-phase nucleation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexandra Fedoseeva, Ivan Nikitin, Evgeniy Tkachev, Roman Mishnev, Nadezhda Dudova, Rustam Kaibyshev
Summary: The study on P92-type steels with different chemical compositions showed that an increase in B and Cr contents affects the precipitation of M23C6 carbides, while (W+Mo) content influences the diffusion growth and coarsening of Laves phase. The addition of Re to 10%Cr steel can reduce the coarsening rate of Laves phase.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Fedoseeva, I. Nikitin, N. Dudova, R. Kaibyshev
Summary: The study investigated the creep behavior of Re-containing 10% Cr-3% Co-3% W steel at 650 degrees C and its impact on the tempered martensite lath structure. Creep strain accelerated the depletion of W from the solid solution, while long-term aging resulted in stable lath widths. Creep strain facilitated structure recovery, leading to subgrain formation and particle coarsening.
MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
A. Fedoseeva, I Nikitin, N. Dudova, R. Kaibyshev
Summary: The study investigated the coarsening of Laves phase in a 10% Cr-3% Co-3% W steel at 923 K, revealing that the strain during creep accelerates the depletion of tungsten from the ferrite matrix and the precipitation of Laves phase. The coarsening of Laves phase follows Ostwald ripening and is controlled by grain boundary diffusion, with growth observed on different boundaries and a significant contribution to creep behavior from dense chains of Laves phase on lath boundaries.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexandra Fedoseeva, Ivan Nikitin, Nadezhda Dudova, John Hald, Rustam Kaibyshev
Summary: This paper presents the experimental results of thermo-mechanical processing on a 12% Cr steel, which resulted in increased impact toughness and decreased ductile-brittle transition temperature. The study also observed changes in the interfaces and carbides between different phases.
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nadezhda Dudova
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anna Bodyakova, Roman Mishnev, Andrey Belyakov, Rustam Kaibyshev
Summary: This study investigates the phase content and strengthening mechanism of two copper alloys, 0.1Cr-0.1Zr and 0.9Cr-0.1Zr, and finds that the size of second phase particles and the strengthening mechanism are closely related to the chromium content.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nadezhda Dudova
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the creep strength and microstructural features of 9% Cr and 10-12% Cr martensitic steels with high B and low N contents, achieved through modifying the chemical composition. The optimal B/N ratio in steels is discussed, and the creep properties are compared with those of traditional B and N content steels. The relationship between the stability of lath structure and precipitates and the creep strength of steels is also explored, along with future prospects of this alloying modification.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Fedoseeva, V Dudko, N. Dudova, R. Kaibyshev
Summary: The addition of 3% Co alloy can significantly increase the tensile strength of P92-type steel at elevated temperatures, mainly through the strengthening of martensitic laths and dislocations. In addition, the influence of Co on the interaction of free lattice dislocations with secondary particles or solid solution is negligible.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Roman Mishnev, Yuliya Borisova, Sergey Gaidar, Tatiana Kniaziuk, Olga Vagina, Rustam Kaibyshev
Summary: After quenching and low-temperature tempering, the mechanical properties of Fe-0.44%C-1.8%Si-1.3%Mn-0.82%Cr-0.28%Mo steel were significantly improved, leading to increased ductility and yield strength.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
N. Dudova, R. Mishnev, R. Kaibyshev
Summary: The correlation between cyclic softening and microstructural evolution was studied in a 10%Cr steel tested at 650°C using interrupted low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests with a low strain amplitude of ±0.2%. It was found that cyclic softening was mainly attributed to a decrease in friction stress due to dislocation annihilation, while back stress remained more stable due to additional precipitation on the lath boundaries despite intense lath widening caused by the disappearance of lath boundaries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Roman Mishnev, Yuliya Borisova, Tatiana Kniaziuk, Sergey Gaidar, Rustam Kaibyshev
Summary: The effect of tempering after water quenching on the strength and fracture toughness of two steels with specific chemical compositions was studied. The precipitation of transition ?-Fe2C carbides in martensitic matrix increased fracture toughness and eliminated quench embrittlement in one of the steels. On the other hand, tempered martensite embrittlement at higher tempering temperature resulted in decreased impact energy, ductility, and strength and elongation for the other steel.
