Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Ji-wei Bao, Man-sheng Chu, Zheng-gen Liu, Wei Lv, Dong Han, Li-feng Zhang
Summary: The evolution behavior and mechanism of different reactive iron carbon agglomerates (ICA) under simulated blast furnace smelting conditions were studied. The results showed that an appropriate proportion of iron ore in ICA can strengthen its gasification reaction and carburization ability, promoting the reduction, softening, melting, and dripping of slag-iron.
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Dharm Jeet Gavel, Allert Adema, Jan van der Stel, Tim Peeters, Jilt Sietsma, Rob Boom, Yongxiang Yang
Summary: The physicochemical behavior of pellets, sinters and their mixture were investigated through smelting and quenching experiments, revealing three distinct stages of bed shrinkage in different ferrous raw-material beds. In a mixed ferrous bed, the pellets and sinter were found to control the first and third stages respectively, while the behavior of the second stage initially resembled that of pellets and later that of sinter.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ping Wang, Chaoqiang Wang, Hongtao Wang, Hongming Long, Tianbao Zhou
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the effects of SiO2, CaO, and basicity on the staged reduction of fluxed pellets. The results showed that increasing SiO2 decreased the reduction degree, while increasing CaO accelerated the reduction process. The basicity also had a significant impact on the swelling performance of the pellets.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yanbiao Chen, Yuanhao Yu, Yan Gao, Jingsong Wang, Qingguo Xue, Haibin Zuo
Summary: Mixed charging of nut coke and sinter has a positive effect on the reduction and softening-melting properties in the hydrogen-rich smelting process. The close contact between nut coke and sinter promotes carbon dissolution and water-gas reaction, increasing the reduction potential in the gas mixture. Increasing the ratio of nut coke and hydrogen-rich enhances the softening-melting properties of the burden.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mikko Iljana, Timo Paananen, Olli Mattila, Mikhail Kondrakov, Timo Fabritius
Summary: This study investigates the effect of pellet size on metallurgical properties and finds that an increase in pellet size decreases reducibility under unconstrained conditions and low-temperature reduction-disintegration, but increases cold crushing strength. Additionally, pellets sized 10-12.7 mm exhibit the highest final temperature and the highest reduction degree in the reduction-softening test. Thus, maximizing the use of 10-12.7 mm pellets is recommended in blast furnace operations.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuyang Xiao, Kai Zhu, Shuixin Ye, Zhengya Xie, Yuwen Zhang, Xionggang Lu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of hydrogen on slag formation behavior in a hydrogen-rich blast furnace. It is found that the participation of iron coke and hydrogen promotes the production of high melting point substances in slag and increases the melting start temperature. Moreover, hydrogen and iron coke also promote the carburization of dripping iron, thereby improving the permeability of the blast furnace.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianxing Liu, Zhenxing Xing, Xuyang Wang, Gongjin Cheng, Xiangxin Xue
Summary: Vanadium titanomagnetite is a crucial mineral resource used for ironmaking, vanadium extraction, and titanium production. In this study, the effect of V2O5 on the properties of high chromium vanadium titanomagnetite (High-Cr VTM) pellets was investigated. The results showed that the properties of the green pellets initially decreased and then increased with increasing V2O5 content. The addition of V2O5 could improve the softening-melting behavior of the pellets and provided valuable insights for the blast furnace smelting process.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Arijit Chakrabarty, A. Bhanuchander Raju, Sameeran Pani, Ujjal Ghosh, Samik Nag, G. S. R. Murthy, Padma Pal, Uttam Singh
Summary: The permeability of the blast furnace bed is crucial for stable operations. Coke is traditionally used to maintain permeability, but due to the need to reduce CO2 emissions, blast furnaces are now consuming lower amounts of coke. This necessitates the exploration of alternative burden distribution methods to maximize permeability. Delaying the loading of pellets in the ferrous burden is found to result in more pellets occupying the mid-radial region of the burden layer, thus improving permeability.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xiaoyue Fan, Jianliang Zhang, Kexin Jiao, Jian Zhang, Hengbao Ma, Shanchao Gao, Rongrong Wang
Summary: This study systematically investigated the evolution of slag phases and interaction between sinter and acid pellet in the cohesive zone, and revealed that both 'component interaction' and 'formation interaction' will be hindered before the formation of liquid phases. The study also analyzed the relationship between interaction without load and thermal behavior, and found that the main region affecting the pressure drop is the melting region. Mixed burden is beneficial to enhance the interaction and promote the melting behavior.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiahao Li, Jingwei Men, Songtao Yang, Mi Zhou
Summary: The study investigated the impact of fuel level on the sinter properties of vanadiferous titanomagnetite through sintering pot testing and various analyses. Results showed that as the fuel level increased from 3.5% to 6.0%, certain properties such as yield, productivity, and mineral composition exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. The optimal fuel level was determined to be 4.0% under current production conditions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Huiqing Tang, Yanjun Sun, Tao Rong, Zhancheng Guo
Summary: In this research, a carbon composite briquette (CCB) for blast furnace (BF) application was prepared, and a reaction model of CCB in BF was developed. The experimental and simulation results showed that CCB underwent fast self-reduction under simulated BF conditions, and it was preferred to charge CCB near the mid-radius region in actual BF. The CCB reaction behavior in BF was divided into five stages, with CCB becoming effective for BF energy saving after 1000 K.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Mohammad Mainul Hoque, Hamid Doostmohammadi, Subhasish Mitra, Damien O'dea, Xinliang Liu, Tom Honeyands
Summary: This study investigated the S&M behavior and BF performance of NBLL, plant sinter, and sinter-NBLL mixture, finding significant improvements due to physical and chemical interactions. X-ray/Neutron CT scanning confirmed physical interaction, while Ca transfer analysis showed chemical interaction starting at around 1,200°C. The sinter-NBLL mixture exhibited more favorable BF performance compared to other burdens, forming a more permeable CZ with lower total pressure drop and higher gas utilization rate.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Ran Xin, Jianbo Zhao, Xudong Gao, Zhixiong You, Wenzhou Yu, Shengfu Zhang, Jie Dang, Chenguang Bai
Summary: The softening-melting behaviors of VTM sinter in H-2-rich gases were investigated and it was found that increasing the H-2 content improved the permeability of the VTM sinter during the process. The maximum pressure drop and total characteristic value decreased with the increase in H-2 content, widening the softening interval of the samples. The thermodynamic analysis showed that H-2-rich gas facilitated the reduction of Fe- and Ti-bearing phases and wustite was an important component during the slag-forming process.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Ruijun Yan, Zhenggen Liu, Mansheng Chu, Peijun Liu
Summary: The use of high reactivity coke in blast furnaces is a key aspect of low-carbon development. This study examined the impact of coke reactivity on the softening-melting behaviors of sinter. It was found that as coke reactivity increased, the gasification temperature of coke decreased. Increasing coke reactivity from 24.75% to 45.11% resulted in an increase in initial melting temperature, a decrease in dripping temperature, and a decrease in melting region. The cohesive zone also shifted downward and narrowed, while the permeability index and highest differential pressure decreased.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhuming Chen, Shuixin Ye, Shuhua Geng, Kai Zhu, Yuwen Zhang, Xingli Zou, Xionggang Lu
Summary: The effects of iron coke application in a hydrogen-rich blast furnace atmosphere on the softening and melting performance of burden were studied. The suitable hydrogen content was found to be 10vol.-%. The application of iron coke promoted iron ore reduction and carburizing, decreased melting and dripping temperatures, improved charge permeability, and reduced coke dissolution loss.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2023)