Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Thomas Ritter, Jens Zosel, Ulrich Guth
Summary: The development of kinetically controlled potentiometric solid electrolyte gas sensors, known as mixed potential sensors (MPS), started with the discovery of kinetic limitations of equilibrium establishment on poisoned oxygen sensors. Decades of development generated knowledge on signal establishment, influencing processes, and materials for improved sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. The knowledge enabled a wide range of applications in automotive, food, medical, electric, and chemical industries. This review provides an overview of the historical development, theory of operation, analytes, materials, and applications.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
He Zhang, Jianxin Yi, Zuobin Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: Through theoretical and experimental studies, it has been found that the mixed potential response of perovskite oxides to hydrogen is correlated to the ratio of electroactivities, with a greater ratio leading to a larger response. This ratio can serve as a descriptor of response and potentially guide the design of high-response materials.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Zongqiang Cao, Qiong Gao, Mincong Zhou, Xu Li, Qingji Wang
Summary: In this study, a mixed potential gas sensor based on YSZ solid electrolyte and LaNiTiO3 sensing electrode was developed. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity to low-level concentration of SO2, and demonstrated good selectivity, repeatability, and stability.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Jianxin Yi, Hongjie Han
Summary: The development of mixed potential gas sensors is currently limited by a lack of fundamental understanding towards the relation between theory, materials properties, and practical sensing characteristics. The affecting factors of sensor response include reaction mechanism and the ratio of electrochemical activities, the latter of which can serve as an indicator of response for the electrode material.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Zulfirdaus Zakaria, Siti Kartom Kamarudin
Summary: This paper presents an advanced modification of ScSZ electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to lower the operating temperature, including the potential properties, challenges, advances, and future perspectives. The review serves as a first reference for enhancing the properties of ScSZ electrolytes for the application of SOFCs, with no previous review works published on this topic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qi Lu, Lingchu Huang, Weijia Li, Tong Wang, Hao Yu, Xidong Hao, Xishuang Liang, Fangmeng Liu, Peng Sun, Geyu Lu
Summary: A high-performance YSZ-based mixed potential NH3 sensor utilizing Ag decorated FeVO4 as the sensing electrode material has been successfully developed for in-vehicle SCR systems, showing rapid detection, low detection limit, and high stability.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Chao Wang, Jiaxuan Yang, Jiale Li, Chenglin Luo, Xiaowei Xu, Feng Qian
Summary: This review introduces the recent research findings and future directions of solid electrolyte electrochemical hydrogen sensors. These sensors have the advantages of portability, miniaturization, real-time monitoring, reliable and fast response. Future development directions include improving material properties, enhancing sensor responsiveness and durability, advancing integration and miniaturization, as well as exploring new material systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
X. Zhang, H. Kohler, M. Schwotzer, U. Guth
Summary: The electrochemical characteristics of a layered Au,Pt-YSZ mixed-potential (APE) gas sensing electrode were studied, showing a drastic reduction in mixed-potential response to CO after 100 days of operation in ambient air, which can be almost fully restored by applying cathodic polarization treatment. Additionally, polarization treatment at elevated temperatures enhanced the regeneration effect on electrochemical behaviors.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sleight Halley, Kannan Ramaiyan, Fernando Garzon, Lok-Kun Tsui
Summary: Monitoring methane leaks from NG sources is crucial for combating greenhouse gas emissions. This study developed an additive manufacturing method for printing a CTE matched, low reactivity, and low ionic conductivity MSZ substrate for the production of a four-electrode MPES. The MPES with the MSZ substrate showed a 20 times enhanced response in the ITO vs. Pt signal compared to sensors using YSZ substrates at 100 ppm CH4 in simulated natural gas, highlighting the importance of the substrate for optimal performance.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xidong Hao, Yinglin Wang, Pengfei Cheng, Shanfu Sun, Luping Xu, Yintang Yang, Yue Hao
Summary: For real-time and in-situ NOx monitoring, a high-performance NO2 mixed potential sensor based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with an MMn2O4 sensing electrode(SE) (M = Co, Cd and Zn) was successfully fabricated. Among the three sensing electrodes, the ZnMn2O4 showed the smallest interface resistance to 100 ppm NO2 and exhibited the highest response. By optimizing the sintering temperature, the ZnMn2O4 sensor sintered at 1000 degrees C achieved the highest response of 23 mV to 10 ppm NO2. The sensor also demonstrated a wide detection range of 1-1000 ppm, with excellent sensitivities and long-term stability.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qi Lu, Lingchu Huang, Xidong Hao, Weijia Li, Bin Wang, Tong Wang, Xishuang Liang, Fangmeng Liu, Chenguang Wang, Geyu Lu
Summary: The YSZ-based mixed potential type NH3 sensor has a promising application in on-board SCR systems due to its good thermal and chemical stability. By developing high-performance sensing electrode materials, the NH3 sensing performance of this sensor was significantly improved. The sensor modified with 20 mol.% NiO exhibited the highest response to 100 ppm NH3, with a low detection limit of 5 ppm, showing potential for in-situ ammonia monitoring in industrial and automotive applications.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Min-ho Park, Rajesh Rajagopal, Kwang-Sun Ryu
Summary: In this study, solid electrolytes with improved performance were synthesized by mixing Li3SI with stable to lithium metal and high ionic conductivity Li6PS5Cl. The mixed electrolyte showed high ionic conductivity and excellent electrochemical performance, providing a promising solid electrolyte material for solid-state lithium batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feng Qian, Xi Yin, Jing Zhang, Chenglin Luo, Jiale Li, Xiaowei Xu, Chao Wang
Summary: Ammonia, widely used as a toxic gas in various industries, poses a threat to atmospheric pollution and life safety. To ensure safe and accurate use, a high-performance ammonia sensor is necessary, especially for automobiles and boilers. Solid-state electrolyte sensors are considered excellent performers for high-temperature environments. This review details the classification, sensing mechanism, materials, and development trends of solid-state ammonia sensors, discussing their current performance and future optimization.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Li Jiang, Yong Liu, Wei Sun, Minghao Tang, Yueying Zhang, Siyuan Lv, Jing Wang, Yi Liu, Chenguang Wang, Peng Sun, Jie Zheng, Fangmeng Liu, Geyu Lu
Summary: In this study, a mixed potential type TEA sensor based on a solid electrolyte and a sensing electrode was developed, demonstrating high responsiveness and good characteristics for TEA concentration detection. This sensor holds significant application value for sensitive detection of TEA in the environment.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunming Gao, Zhenbiao Huang, Lin He, George Z. Chen, Qingwei Qin, Guangqiang Li
Summary: In this study, a novel integrated cell structure was successfully used to investigate the green electrochemical synthesis of silicon from solid SiO2 in a CaCl2 melt at 1173 K. It was found that the electrolysis time affects the morphology and purity of the silicon product. The results indicate that the morphology of the silicon product can be controlled by adjusting the potential, and with longer electrolysis time, the purity and growth morphology of silicon change accordingly.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
