Article
Ophthalmology
Enrico Bortoletto, Fabio Pieretti, Paola Brun, Paola Venier, Andrea Leonardi, Umberto Rosani
Summary: In this study, altered RNA editing in keratoconus (KC) was investigated. It was found that KC patients had significantly lower RNA editing levels, resulting in lower editing frequency and less edited bases. Differences in editing sites were observed in the chromosome 12 regions encoding Keratin type II cluster. Further investigation is needed to understand the functional implications.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Christian K. Pfaller, Cyril X. George, Charles E. Samuel
Summary: C6 deamination of adenosine to inosine in dsRNA is catalyzed by ADARs enzymes encoded by three genes in mammals. Different ADAR1 proteins, p150 and p110, are produced through alternative promoters and splicing, with ADAR2 being a nuclear enzyme. A-to-I editing occurs in both viral and cellular RNAs, with activity dependent on substrate structure and regulatory RNA-binding proteins.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 8
(2021)
Review
Virology
Vlatka Ivanisevic, Lidia Zilic, Marina Cunko, Hana Fadiga, Ivana Munitic, Igor Jurak
Summary: The role of ADAR proteins in herpesvirus infection has not been well studied, but evidence suggests that they play a role in regulating the complex life cycle of these viruses.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Joshua J. C. Rosenthal, Eli Eisenberg
Summary: Coleoid cephalopods have the largest brains and exhibit the most complex behaviors among all invertebrates. The molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for these advancements are still poorly understood. Recent studies using deep-sequencing technologies have revealed an unusually large number of RNA editing sites in the neural transcripts of cephalopods, significantly more than any other taxon. This raises questions about the adaptive nature and noncanonical aspects of cephalopod RNA editing.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Heming Wang, Sinuo Chen, Jiayi Wei, Guangqi Song, Yicheng Zhao
Summary: RNA editing, induced by ADAR, plays a crucial regulatory role in metazoans, affecting multiple cellular processes and functions. Despite the development of bioinformatics tools for identifying editing sites, the lack of widely accepted standards and challenges in tumor sample analysis still exist. Numerous editing sites have been reported in non-coding regions, impacting the biosynthesis of ncRNAs.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Davide Di Fusco, Maria Teresa Segreto, Andrea Iannucci, Claudia Maresca, Eleonora Franze, Giulia Di Maggio, Antonio Di Grazia, Siro Boccanera, Federica Laudisi, Irene Marafini, Omero Alessandro Paoluzi, Alessandro Michenzi, Giovanni Monteleone, Ivan Monteleone
Summary: ADAR1, an RNA-editing enzyme, is down-regulated in the gut mucosa of CD patients. Inhibition of ADAR1 enhances the occurrence and development of gut inflammation in CD patients. These findings suggest that ADAR1 plays an important regulatory role in intestinal immune homeostasis, and defective ADAR1 expression may contribute to amplified pathogenic responses in CD intestinal mucosa.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Cornelia Vesely, Michael F. Jantsch
Summary: ADARs convert adenosines to inosines in structured RNAs, marking endogenous RNAs and recoding coding RNAs. The functions of ADARs differ during development, in different tissues, upon altered physiological conditions or after exposure to pathogens.
Review
Oncology
Phaik Ju Teoh, Mun Yee Koh, Wee Joo Chng
Summary: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is the most prevalent type of RNA editing in humans, and aberrant ADAR-mediated-editing is a prominent feature in a variety of cancers. The functions of ADARs in hematological malignancies have been recently revealed, opening up possibilities for novel therapeutic approaches.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiarui Li, Tomoko Oonishi, Guangyao Fan, Matomo Sakari, Toshifumi Tsukahara
Summary: This study presents a strategy to enhance the editing efficiency of site-directed RNA editing (SDRE) system by redirecting exogenous ADARs to specific sites using antisense RNA oligonucleotides.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Asra Abukar, Martin Wipplinger, Ananya Hariharan, Suna Sun, Manuel Ronner, Marika Sculco, Agata Okonska, Jelena Kresoja-Rakic, Hubert Rehrauer, Weihong Qi, Victor W. van Beusechem, Emanuela Felley-Bosco
Summary: The study reveals that RBM8A is highly expressed in mesothelioma, and its mRNA editing can stabilize protein expression levels. ADAR-dependent editing contributes to maintaining elevated RBM8A protein levels in mesothelioma by counteracting MSI2-driven downregulation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shamsudin S. Nasaev, Anna S. Kopeykina, Ksenia G. Kuznetsova, Lev I. Levitsky, Sergei A. Moshkovskii
Summary: RNA editing can lead to protein recoding, and recoding sites were identified in zebrafish proteins for the first time. This could have functional consequences for the proteins in the zebrafish.
BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Loredana Frassinelli, Elisa Orecchini, Sofian Al-Wardat, Marco Tripodi, Carmine Mancone, Margherita Doria, Silvia Galardi, Silvia Anna Ciafre, Alessandro Michienzi
Summary: ADAR2 acts as a suppressor of L1 retrotransposition by inhibiting its activity, forming a complex with multiple non-ribosomal ADAR2-interacting factors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton O. Goncharov, Victoria O. Shender, Ksenia G. Kuznetsova, Anna A. Kliuchnikova, Sergei A. Moshkovskii
Summary: Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a widespread post-transcriptional modification system catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, which mainly occurs in dsRNA before splicing. This review focuses on the interconnections between RNA editing and splicing in human cancer. Dysregulated RNA splicing in cancer can lead to the release of excess dsRNA into the cytosol, triggering antiviral-like responses and potentially inhibiting tumor growth. Inhibiting ADAR may enhance the effects of spliceosome inhibitors and could be a promising approach in cancer therapies targeting RNA splicing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Tram Anh Nguyen, Jia Wei Joel Heng, Yan Ting Ng, Rui Sun, Shira Fisher, Gokce Oguz, Pornchai Kaewsapsak, Shifeng Xue, Bruno Reversade, Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Eli Eisenberg, Meng How Tan
Summary: This study identified millions of editing events in Xenopus with high accuracy and systematically mapped the editome across developmental stages, adult organs, and species. The highest deamination activity was observed in early embryogenesis and in the ovary. Editing events showed poor conservation across different Xenopus species. The findings suggest that species-specific editing may play a role in the unique physiology or environmental adaptation of each animal.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renata Kleinova, Vinod Rajendra, Alina F. Leuchtenberger, Claudio Lo Giudice, Cornelia Vesely, Utkarsh Kapoor, Andrea Tanzer, Sophia Derdak, Ernesto Picardi, Michael F. Jantsch
Summary: ADAR1 is involved in A-to-I conversion in RNA, with two isoforms ADAR1p150 and ADAR1p110 expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively. Mutations in ADAR1 cause Aicardi - Goutieres syndrome, while deletion of ADAR1p150 leads to embryonic lethality in mice. These findings highlight the critical role of ADAR1p150 in A-to-I editing.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Anna Pastore, Nadia Panera, Antonella Mosca, Romina Caccamo, Daniela Camanni, Annalisa Crudele, Cristiano De Stefanis, Arianna Alterio, Gianna Di Giovamberardino, Rita De Vito, Paola Francalanci, Sonia Battaglia, Andrea Onetti Muda, Francesco De Peppo, Anna Alisi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of LSG on the levels of tHcy and tGSH in children with MAFLD. The results showed that LSG improved metabolic parameters, reduced liver fat, inflammation, and fibrosis, but also led to mild hyperhomocysteinemia.
Article
Pediatrics
Melania Manco, Nadia Panera, Annalisa Crudele, Maria Rita Braghini, Marzia Bianchi, Donatella Comparcola, Rita De Vito, Giuseppe Maggiore, Anna Alisi
Summary: Angiopoietin-2 is a suitable biomarker for NASH in pediatric population, with high predictive value for NASH. CK18, on the other hand, is effective in predicting both NASH and fibrosis. The combination of Ang-2 and CK18 can achieve a positive predictive value of 100% for NASH.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease in adults, closely associated with obesity and diabetes. Recent research has provided new insights into the epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD. Members of Italian associations reviewed the current knowledge on NAFLD and provided practical recommendations.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Pomella, Matteo Cassandri, Maria Rita Braghini, Francesco Marampon, Anna Alisi, Rossella Rota
Summary: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a crucial player in cancer and has high therapeutic value. Recent insights into the structure and nuclear functions of FAK suggest that targeting FAK could be an effective treatment approach. This article provides an update on FAK inhibitors currently in clinical trials and discusses the challenges and future directions of drug-based anti-FAK targeted therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Correction
Oncology
Ilaria Romito, Manuela Porru, Maria Rita Braghini, Luca Pompili, Nadia Panera, Annalisa Crudele, Daniela Gnani, Cristiano De Stefanis, Marco Scarsella, Silvia Pomella, Stefano Levi Mortera, Emmanuel de Billy, Adrian Libenzio Conti, Valeria Marzano, Lorenza Putignani, Manlio Vinciguerra, Clara Balsano, Anna Pastore, Rossella Rota, Marco Tartaglia, Carlo Leonetti, Anna Alisi
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Silvia Rossi, Silvano Junior Santini, Daniela Di Genova, Gianpaolo Maggi, Alberto Verrotti, Giovanni Farello, Roberta Romualdi, Anna Alisi, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Clara Balsano
Summary: This study assessed the impact of social robots (SRs) on managing stress in children waiting for emergency room consultations. The results showed that salivary cortisol levels significantly decreased more in the group exposed to robot interaction compared to the other two groups. This suggests that SRs are an effective tool for reducing stress in the emergency room.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Angela Gallo, Min Park
Summary: This study examines whether access to the collateralized loan obligation (CLO) market as collateral managers or underwriters affects lenders' ability to cope with adverse shocks in the corporate lending market. The results indicate that lenders are able to switch to off-balance-sheet lending and reduce the risk on their balance sheets through securitization.
JOURNAL OF MONEY CREDIT AND BANKING
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Antonella Mosca, Alessandro Mantovani, Annalisa Crudele, Nadia Panera, Donatella Comparcola, Rita De Vito, Marzia Bianchi, Christopher D. Byrne, Giovanni Targher, Anna Alisi
Summary: Higher levels of HA and PIIINP were found to be associated with lower eGFR values in children with biopsy-proven NAFLD, independent of PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype and other potential confounding factors.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nadia Panera, Maria Rita Braghini, Annalisa Crudele, Antonella Smeriglio, Marzia Bianchi, Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli, Rebecca Nobili, Libenzio Adrian Conti, Cristiano De Stefanis, Gessica Lioci, Fabio Gurrado, Donatella Comparcola, Antonella Mosca, Maria Rita Sartorelli, Vittorio Scoppola, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Domenico Trombetta, Anna Alisi
Summary: This study investigated the potential anti-fibrotic effect of HXT + VitE combination therapy on NAFLD-related fibrosis. The results demonstrated that HXT + VitE treatment reduced proliferation, migration, and contraction of fibrosis cells, decreased expression of pro-fibrogenic genes, and antagonized the pro-fibrotic effects by interfering with transcription factor translocation/activation. In mouse and pediatric NAFLD models, HXT + VitE treatment showed a reduction in fibrosis.
Article
Cell Biology
Clara Perrone, Silvia Pomella, Matteo Cassandri, Michele Pezzella, Stefano Giuliani, Tecla Gasperi, Antonella Porrazzo, Anna Alisi, Anna Pastore, Silvia Codenotti, Alessandro Fanzani, Giovanni Barillari, Libenzio Adrian Conti, Biagio De Angelis, Concetta Quintarelli, Paolo Mariottini, Franco Locatelli, Francesco Marampon, Rossella Rota, Manuela Cervelli
Summary: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric myogenic soft tissue sarcoma with two molecular subtypes, fusion-positive (FP) and fusion-negative (FN). While FP-RMS has a poor prognosis, FN-RMS shows resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy due to cytogenetic abnormalities and RAS pathway mutations. This study found that low expression of spermine oxidase (SMOX) is associated with worse outcomes in FN-RMS patients and is downregulated in FN-RMS cell lines. Forced expression of SMOX in high-risk FN-RMS cell lines inhibited tumor growth, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and increased DNA damage response. These findings suggest that SMOX induction could be a potential strategy to sensitize FN-RMS to ionizing radiation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonella Mosca, Luca Della Volpe, Anna Alisi, Nadia Panera, Giuseppe Maggiore, Andrea Vania
Summary: The anomalies of the GH/IGF1 axis are associated with a higher prevalence of MAFLD and more rapid progression of the disease. In this study, it was found that patients with inflammation and ballooning had lower levels of GH and IGF1, which were also negatively correlated with fibrosis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that both GH and IGF1 values were negatively associated with fibrosis, suggesting their important role in MAFLD.
Article
Immunology
Aikaterini Gatsiou, Simon Tual-Chalot, Matteo Napoli, Almudena Ortega-Gomez, Tommy Regen, Rachit Badolia, Valeriana Cesarini, Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez, Raphael Chevre, Giorgia Ciliberti, Carlos Silvestre-Roig, Maurizio Martini, Jedrzej Hoffmann, Rana Hamouche, Joseph R. Visker, Nikolaos Diakos, Astrid Wietelmann, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris, Georgio Georgiopoulos, Ali Moshfegh, Andre Schneider, Wei Chan, Stefan Guenther, Johanne Backs, Shin Kwak, Craig H. Selzman, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Stefan Rose-John, Christian Trautwein, Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Thomas Braun, Ari Waisman, Angela Gallo, Stavros G. Drakos, Stefanie Dimmeler, Markus Sperandio, Oliver Soehnlein, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: RNA editor ADAR2 regulates endothelial responses to IL-6, controlling leukocyte trafficking in inflamed and ischemic tissues. ADAR2 is required for IL-6 trans-signaling and immune cell infiltration through suppressing primary microRNA processing.
Article
Oncology
Elisabetta Lazzarini, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris, Giuseppe Benvenuto, Daniela Osti, Luigi Fattore, Rosina Paterra, Gaetano Finocchiaro, Paolo Malatesta, Antonio Daga, Alberto L. Gallotti, Rossella Galli, Giuliana Pelicci, Anna Tesei, Martina Bedeschi, Roberto Pallini, Lorenza Pasqualini, Chiara Romualdi, Angela Gallo, Lucia Ricci-Vitiani, Stefano Indraccolo
Summary: This study conducted genomic and transcriptomic characterization of a large set of patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), identifying TP53, PTEN, RB1, and NF1 as the main mutated genes in glioblastoma. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of RNA-seq data revealed distinct sets of up-regulated genes and signaling pathways. The fully molecularly characterized GSCs provide a valuable resource for precision oncology in the treatment of glioblastoma.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Valentina Tassinari, Piergiorgio La Rosa, Eugenia Guida, Ambra Colopi, Sara Caratelli, Francesca De Paolis, Angela Gallo, Carlo Cenciarelli, Giuseppe Sconocchia, Susanna Dolci, Valeriana Cesarini
Summary: Aging is a natural process that occurs in all organisms, leading to degenerative changes in the body, including the brain. These changes are driven by molecular pathways and can result in the loss of cellular functions and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. RNA modifications, such as A-to-I RNA editing, m6A RNA methylation, and alternative splicing, play important roles in neuronal cell life cycle and their dysregulation contributes to aging and neurodegeneration. This review highlights the significance of these RNA modifications in the physiological brain aging process and neurodegenerative diseases.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bartholomew Dzudzor, Harris Hammond, Kenneth Tachi, Anna Alisi, Sandro Vento, Richard Kwasi Gyasi, Justice Moses K. Aheto
Summary: Liver fibrosis is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between hyaluronic acid (HA) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) serum levels as markers of fibrosis. The results showed that patients with liver disease had significantly reduced 25-OH vitamin D levels and elevated HA levels, both of which correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis.
HEALTH SCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
